通过拟原球茎发生途径建立春石斛兰的组织培养体系

以春石斛兰无菌幼苗茎段为外植体,分别研究了拟原球茎的诱导、增殖、分化、生根的培养基配方.结果表明:拟原球茎诱导率最高的培养基为KC+6-BA 0.8 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L;拟原球茎增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;拟原球茎的分化培养基为MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+KT 1.5 mg/L;不定芽生根培养基为1/2MS或MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L.     

铁皮石斛的种子培养

以铁皮石斛成熟种子为外植体,研究原球茎的诱导、增殖、分化和生根的最佳培养条件。结果表明:1/2 MS基础培养基最适合铁皮石斛的种子培养,45 d时原球茎诱导率达到95%;原球茎增殖的最佳培养基为1/2 MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+20%马铃薯提取液,每代增殖16倍,原球茎形态好、变异少;原球茎团于1/2 MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.25 mg/L+20%马铃薯提取液的培养基上可诱导丛芽分化,于MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+20%香蕉汁+活性炭5g/L的培养基上易于诱导不定根的形成,60 d后可形成健壮的完整小植株。     

蝴蝶兰组培快繁技术研究

将蝴蝶兰花梗腋芽作为外植体,接种于不同培养基上进行培养.结果表明:1/2MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA 2.0 mg/L+CM 15%培养基诱导丛生芽最合适,诱导率可达100%,丛生芽增殖阶段1/2 MS+6-BA 7 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+CM 15%培养基效果最好,增殖倍数达7.13.无菌苗叶片诱导丛生芽以1/2MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA 2.0 mg/L+香蕉泥10%+AC 0.2%为最好,诱导率达54.3%,丛生芽增殖阶段1/2 MS+6-BA 7 mg/L+NAA 0.5mg/L+香蕉泥10%+AC 0.2%培养基效果最好,增殖倍数达6.17.茎尖诱导原球茎状体以MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA 2.0 mg/L+CM 10%+0.2%,其诱导率达77.1%,原球茎状体进行增殖培养的适宜培养基1/3MS+6-BA 50 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+CM 15%+AC 0.3%,增殖倍数达8.3,随后转入1/2MS+6-BA 7 mg/L+CM 15%中,很快分化成芽.生根培养基以1/2MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L+IAA 0.5 mg/L+AC 1.0%较好,将生根蝴蝶兰移栽至水苔中,1个月后成活率为99.9%.     

文心兰的组织培养及生理特性的初步研究

以文心兰试管组织为材料,对适合原球茎、芽苗增殖、壮苗生根的培养基及其生长过程中部分生理生化指标进行了初步研究。结果表明:原球茎最佳增殖培养基为MS+1.0mg/L6-BA+0.4mg/L NAA+1.0g/L活性炭,不定芽最佳增殖培养基为MS+2.0mg/L 6-BA+0.5mg/L NAA+1.0g/L活性炭,壮苗最佳培养基为MS+0.5mg/L 6-BA+1.0mg/L 2,4-D+1.0g/L活性炭,最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+0.5mg/L NAA+1.0g/L水解酪蛋白。生理测定结果表明,同一种材料由于转接前的培养基不同或不同的继代次数其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性存在差异,分化苗转接前NAA为0.1mg/L的SOD和POD活性高于NAA为0.5mg/L,继代次数增加后,其活性会增强,原球茎转接前6-BA为0.5mg/L的活性比2.0mg/L的活性高,同工酶谱也证明了这一点。表明原球茎增殖6-BA 2.0mg/L好于0.5mg/L,分化苗的增殖NAA 0.5mg/L好于0.1mg/L。     

大雪兰快速繁殖技术的研究

以大雪兰种子为试材,进行无菌播种试验,找出了最适合大雪兰种子萌发、原球茎增殖分化及生根的培养基。结果表明:利于大雪兰种子萌发的培养基是1/2MS+6-BA 0.3mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L+椰子汁(CM)50mL/L;利于大雪兰原球茎增殖分化的培养基是1/2 MS+6-BA 0.4mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L+AC 0.5g/L;利于生根壮苗的培养基是1/2 MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+AC 2g/L。     

中国石蒜的组织培养和快速繁殖

以中国石蒜的种胚为外植体,进行了组织培养与快速繁殖技术的研究.结果表明:种子表面消毒以75％酒精预处理30 s,再用0.1％ HgCl2浸泡15 min效果最好;愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L;芽分化诱导最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 5.0 mg/L+NAA0.5 mg/L;小鳞茎生长最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 3.0 mg/L+NAA 3.0 mg/L;在理想的根分化培养基MS+NAA 1.0 mg/L上,生根率达到81％.练苗后,移入营养土与珍珠岩(1:1)的基质中,移栽成活率达到78％.     

3个藜蒿品种的快速繁殖研究

以藜蒿茎段为外植体,通过对各组织培养阶段中激素种类和浓度的筛选,研究了不同激素使用的必要性及作用。试验结果表明,最适宜愈伤组织诱导的培养基分别为云南藜蒿MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+IAA 0.5 mg/L、楚天藜蒿MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+IAA 1.0 mg/L、香藜一号MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+IAA 0.5 mg/L;最适宜的增殖培养基分别为云南藜蒿MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,楚天藜蒿、香藜一号MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L;最适宜的生根培养基为1/2 MS+NAA 0.1 mg/L。     

白藓优良单株的选择及离体快繁技术研究

以野生白藓地下幼芽为外植体,进行优良单株的选择和组织培养研究,以期建立其快繁体系.结果表明:丛生芽诱导的最佳培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L,诱导率为90％;最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L,增殖系数为4.6;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 2.0 mg/L,生根率为70％.为提高试管苗的增殖率,其最佳继代周期为30 d.     

西番莲脱分化再生体系研究

以大果黄果西番莲为材料,通过无菌播种获得无菌苗,采用无菌苗的子叶及下胚轴为外植体,对诱导分化不定芽、不定芽继代增殖、生根诱导等斱面进行研究,为西番莲组织培养和遗传转化研究提供基础。结果表明:以未完全展开的子叶为外植体,诱导不定芽分化的效果最好,最适宜的分化培养基为MS+2.0mg/L6-BA+0.1 mg/L IAA,其诱导分化率可达100.0%;最适宜的增殖培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA,其芽苗增殖系数最高,为3.19,且芽苗长势好;最适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+0.2 mg/L IBA,其生根率达100.0%,根粗壮、长、多,且幼苗长势好。     

圆叶椒草的组织培养与植株再生研究

以圆叶椒草茎段为试材,采用植物组织培养方法,研究了6-BA、NAA、IBA对圆叶椒草的愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化以及试管苗生根培养的影响,以期筛选出愈伤组织和芽分化以及生根诱导的最佳培养基.结果表明:愈伤组织诱导、愈伤组织和不定芽分化最理想的培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L;试管苗生根培养最佳培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+0.5％活性炭.     

岩虱子RAPD反应体系的研究

利用RAPD（随机扩增多态DNA）技术对濒危植物岩虱子进行了RAPD反应体系的研究.以岩虱子叶片为材料,采用改良的CTAB法提取其基因组DNA,进行RAPD反应条件的优化试验.通过单因子试验分别研究了模板DNA用量、Mg^2＋浓度、dNTPS浓度、Taq酶的用量和引物浓度对RAPD反应的影响,建立了适于岩虱子RAPD分析的有效的稳定的反应体系,即在25μL总反应体系中,模板DNA的最适用量为10 ng、Mg^2＋的适宜浓度为2.0 mmol/L、dNTPs的适宜浓度2.2 mmol/L、Taq酶的用量以1 U、随机引物的浓度以2.5 μmol/L为佳.     

Bulb and inflorescence development in Leucocoryne ixioides (Hook.) Lind.

Summary

Leucocoryne (Alliaceae) is a genus of bulbous plants with cut-flower potential. They are native to central Chile, which experiences a Mediterranean climate. The plants are ‘dormant’ during the heat of Summer (as bulbs, with no external leaf or root development). Leucocoryne plants ‘resume’ growth in Autumn, with the arrival of the rains and falling temperatures, and flower towards the end of their growth cycle, as temperatures rise again in Spring. Leaf and inflorescence initiation began during the Summer ‘dormant’ period and ended the following Spring. They emerged from the bulbs during the same growth cycle as they initiated. Leucocoryne bulbs consist of a series of sympodial units, each containing two leaves and a terminal inflorescence. The renewal meristem for each unit was initiated at the base of the inflorescence, in the axil of the younger leaf primordium. Leucocoryne bulbs were replaced each growing season. Secondary bulbs were initiated in the axils of the oldest, recently-initiated, leaves during late Spring.     

富宁八角茴香最佳采收期研究

以八角茴香中的茴香油及莽草酸含量为依据,采用GB7652—87分析不同采收时段的八角茴香油的含量,同时采用高效液相色谱分析莽草酸含量,确定八角最佳采收时段。结果表明:10月10日采收的八角茴香中茴香油含量最高,达到167.99mg/gDW;9月30日采收的八角茴香中莽草酸含量最高,达到155.94mg/gDW。富宁八角的最佳采收期为9月底至10月中旬。     

云南淡黄花百合花色种内分化研究

云南淡黄花百合花色种内分化明显,居群内具多态性,居群间具多型性.花色呈梯度变异,特别是普洱居群花色变异式样最为丰富.研究认为,花色变异与基因突变、传粉机制等因素有关.花色变异研究为细胞学和分子生物学研究提供有价值的参考资料,并为遗传育种提供宝贵素材.     

兴安獐牙菜不同提取液对甘蓝夜蛾的生物活性研究

研究了兴安獐牙菜全草的不同提取液对甘蓝夜蛾幼虫的触杀和拒食作用.研究结果表明,乙醇浸提液对甘蓝夜蛾幼虫具有较高的触杀作用,24,48 h的致死中浓度(LC50)分别为3.746 7,3.172 7 mg/mL.水蒸气蒸馏液对甘蓝夜蛾幼虫具有较强的拒食作用,24,48 h的拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为5.039 9,5.216 7 mg/mL.丙酮浸提液对甘蓝夜蛾幼虫的触杀和拒食作用不显著.     

象牙白花兰种子及茎尖培养与原球茎形态发生

 象牙白花兰授粉后5 个月的种子开始具有较高的萌发率; 椰乳或适量激素有利于种子的萌发;种子在萌发后胚发育形成原球茎, 原球茎经过增殖, 分化出叶片和根系, 形成完整的小植株。从播种到小植株的形成历时约7 个月。茎尖在MS + NAA 0. 1 + BA 3. 0 (单位: mg·L^-1 , 下同) + 椰乳10 %的培养基上诱导产生原球茎; 原球茎在MS + NAA 0. 1 + BA 5. 0 的培养基上增殖, 在无激素培养基上分化成芽; 小芽在附加7 %香蕉汁和3 %马铃薯汁的1/ 2 MS 培养基上诱导出根而再生完整小植株。不同pH 值、光照强度和培养方式对增殖效果有显著影响。     

Rapid in vitro germination of zygotic embryos of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. f.)

Summary

Fluted pumpkin, Telfairia occidentalis, is becoming an important regional vegetable for its food and medicinal uses. The recalcitrant nature of its seed makes conservation difficult and in vitro techniques may be a viable option for conservation. A pilot study was conducted on the effects of different concentrations of a commercial bleach [3.85% (w/v) sodium hypochlorite] for surface sterilisation of T. occidentalis seed. The optimum concentration [25% (v/v)] was then used as a basis to investigate the responses of mature embryonic axes of T. occidentalis to different concentrations of kinetin (Kin; 0, 1.0, or 2.0 mg l^–1) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 0, 0.5, or 1.0 mg l^–1) combined in a factorial design. The results of the first experiments indicated that commercial bleach at 25% (v/v) resulted in the lowest contamination of explants (10%), with no evident injury to the embryonic axes. The results revealed that root emergence started 3 d after initiation (DAI) only on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with no added plant growth regulator (PGR), and that, by 12 DAI, all media supported the rooting of explants. The highest rooting percentage (69%) was observed at 15 DAI on MS medium with 0.5 mg l^–1 NAA, without Kin. However, shoot emergence started at 9 DAI on PGR-free MS medium, on MS with 0.5 mg l^–1 NAA, or on MS plus 1.0 mg l^–1 Kin. The highest shooting percentage (91%) of explants was observed with 0.5 mg l^–1 NAA at 21 DAI. Considering all other growth parameters, MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l^–1 NAA was found to be best for the germination of embryonic axes of T. occidentalis.     

新疆野生黑木耳人工驯化栽培技术研究

新疆阿尔泰山天然分布的2种黑木耳寄生在倒腐的西伯利亚落叶松上，这一发现打破了黑木耳不能在松柏类树木上生长的禁区。通过对这两种黑木耳的资源调查和人工驯化栽培试验研究发现，阿尔泰山这两种黑木耳比我国其它省区的黑木耳出耳空气湿度要求低，一般栽培场的空气湿度达到60％～70％就可以出耳，而国内绝大多数黑木耳菌种栽培场湿度要达到90％～95％才能出耳。这表明阿尔泰山黑木耳抗旱性强，加之商品价值较高，适合在新疆干旱区推广种植。     

Induction of novel variants through physical and chemical mutagenesis in Barbeton daisy (Gerbera jamesonii Hook.)

Summary

Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) is an attractive ornamental flower of high economic importance. The present investigation was aimed at generating novel flower colour variants in the gerbera cultivar ‘Harley’ through physical and chemical mutagenesis. In vitro-raised shoot cultures of gerbera, established from petiole explants, were exposed to different doses of γ-rays (1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, or 30.0 Gy) using a Cobalt-60 source emitting 2.51 kGy h^–1. To induce mutations through chemical mutagenesis, different concentrations of ethylmethane sulphonate [EMS; 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, or 1.0% (v/v)] were administered for 10 min or for 20 min. The LD50 values calculated for shoot survival and the induction of mutations were approx. 6.5 Gy for γ-rays and 0.65% (v/v) EMS for 10 min, or ≤ 0.1% (v/v) EMS for 20 min. Investigations revealed a negative correlation between mutagen dose and plant survival, both in vitro and after acclimatisation. Morphological variants showing changes in leaf shape, leaf size, scape length, flower diameter, and flower colour were obtained. Significantly, early flowering was induced in all mutated plants compared to non-mutated plants.The high frequencies of colour variants obtained using Bγ-rays, or the application of EMS to in vitro-raised shoot cultures could be an effective way to improve gerbera cultivars.     

Consumer Acceptance of Mayhaw (Crataegus opaca Hook,and Arn.) Juice Blended with Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) Juice

Abstract

Fruit juices are among the top 10 products occupying grocery store shelf space. They are also one of the top five consumption patterns of fruits and vegetables. There is a strong potential for growth in blended juices and juice-based beverages. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential for mayhaw and muscadine juices to compete in this growing market. Mayhaws and muscadines are well utilized in jams, jellies, and syrups. Five juice-blend ratios were tested for juice quality, juice-blend compatibility, and consumer preference. Pasteurized samples of mayhaw and muscadine juice were blended 70/30, 60/40, and 50/50. Juice was ambient temperature when tested. Color, percent soluble solids, and sugar/acid ratio were evaluated. Juice blends of 70, and 60% muscadine received the lowest color preference values among panelists. Forty to seventy percent mayhaw juice received the highest color preference scores. A blend of 60/40 muscadine/mayhaw was most preferred among panelists for overall taste. When consumers were asked to compare a commercial blend of cranberry/apple juice, with a 60/40 or 40/60 blend, the muscadine/mayhaw combination was most preferred.