孜然芹种子形态特性及播种条件研究

对孜然芹种子形态特征、净度和发芽过程进行了描述和测定,采用沙中发芽的措施,就提高田间出苗率的方法、最适发芽的土壤含水量和播深进行了研究,结果表明：提高种子出苗率和出苗速度的措施是低温层积后用水冲洗;孜然芹种子萌发的适宜土壤含水量为15%,播种的最适深度是0.5～1cm。     

稀土对甜玉米种子萌发和某些生理生化特性的影响

本文以甜玉米品种甜单1号为材料研究稀土对种子萌发、种苗初期生长和某些生理生化特性的影响。试验结果表明,低浓度的稀土溶液对萌发和种苗生长有刺激效应,高浓度则具有抑制作用,对于甜玉米甜单1号种子的适宜处理浓度为500mg/kg,在这一浓度下促进种子萌发,刺激种苗生长,提高生理生化活性。     

甜玉米超甜4号种子活力调控研究

以甜玉米品种超甜4号为试验材料,用不同类型种衣剂包衣处理,通过种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数测定比较。结果表明：不同种衣剂处理对甜玉米种子发芽调控存在显著差异,其中,物之春和多.福.克在第7天至第9天可显著提高甜玉米的发芽指数,且能够有效地提高发芽率和活力指数。结合种衣剂药剂成分,可以看出,在杀虫防菌的同时,营养元素对甜玉米种子活力的调控发挥着举足轻重的作用。     

水稻种子含水量与耐冷性的关系研究

试验选择18份水稻品种的休眠种子作为材料,其中具有耐冷性的水稻品种13份,不具有耐冷性的常规水稻品种5份。测定了每份种子样品中含水量,并将这项指标分别与水稻品种是否具有耐冷性以及耐冷性强弱进行相关性分析。结果表明：①水稻品种是否具有耐冷性与种子中含水量呈极显著负相关关系,即耐冷性品种含水量明显低于常规品种;②具有耐冷性的水稻品种,其耐冷性程度与种子的含水量没有显著的相关性。因此认为水稻休眠种子的含水量可以作为判断水稻耐冷性有无的参考指标,但不能直接用作判定水稻耐冷性强弱的指标。     

超甜玉米种子生产技术规程

超甜玉米是由sh2胚乳突变基因控制的．它的优点是子粒中蔗糖含量高,是普通甜玉米的2倍．但种子活力弱,发芽率80％-85％,田间出苗率一般仅为50％～60％。如何改进超甜玉米种子活力弱、发芽率低的问题,是当前超甜玉米种子生产上亟待解决的难题。我们于2004—2008年对超甜玉米种子生产技术进行了试验研究,总结出了一整套超甜玉米种子生产技术。目前生产出的超甜玉米种子发芽率可达到93％-95％．田间出苗率可达到85％以上。     

超甜玉米营养品质分析

对浙江省种植面积较大的3个超甜玉米品种(超甜3号、特甜1号和H5008)的理化指标和营养成分进行了分析,并与本省主栽杂交玉米品种掖单13和稻米的部分相关项目进行了比较。结果表明:所有被测的超甜玉米品种的蔗糖、脂肪、粗纤维、Vc、β-胡萝卜素、水解氨基酸及矿物质含量均较杂交玉米掖单13要高得多,超甜玉米中人体必需氨基酸的含量也很丰富,限制性氨基酸赖氨酸和苏氨酸的含量接近或超过了杂交玉米和稻米的两倍,因此,超甜玉米的营养是非常丰富的。     

咯菌腈·精甲霜·噻呋种子处理悬浮剂浸种对棉花苗期病害和黄萎病的防治效果

选用鲁棉研21号为供试材料,分别开展室内发芽试验和田间小区试验,以评估有效成分质量分数为0.2%的咯菌腈·精甲霜·噻呋种子处理悬浮剂（FS）药液浸种对棉花苗期病害和黄萎病的防治效果。室内发芽试验结果表明,该药剂浸种处理能够促进种子萌发,并提高种子活力。播种第4天发芽势达73.33%,播种第7天发芽率和发芽指数分别为91.33%和31.29,均显著高于清水浸种处理和空白对照。田间小区试验结果显示,播种前使用该药剂浸种能够提高出苗率,对苗期病害的防治效果达62.46%;播种后第90天和第105天对黄萎病的防效分别为37.21%和23.23%,均显著高于清水浸种处理。本研究初步表明,使用0.2%咯菌腈·精甲霜·噻呋FS药液浸种处理对棉花种子安全,能够促进种子萌发,并可有效防治棉花苗期病害和黄萎病。     

湖南早籼稻品种芽期和苗期耐冷性初步研究

以16个湖南地区推广的早籼稻品种为材料,设置9个芽期低温胁迫处理,以死苗率为指标探讨了早籼稻芽期耐冷性的适宜鉴定方法,并鉴定了部分品种的苗期耐冷性。结果表明,8℃/7 d低温处理下早籼稻品种死苗率的方差和变异系数大,能较好地鉴别品种间耐冷性差异,是早籼稻芽期耐冷性鉴定的最合理方式;相关分析表明,早籼稻苗期耐冷性与芽期耐冷性鉴定结果基本一致;在苗期低温胁迫下耐冷水稻品种能够维持较高的游离脯氨酸含量,同时保持叶绿素和丙二醛含量的相对稳定;部分早籼稻品种的芽期和苗期耐冷性较差,不适宜采用直播栽培。     

大豆应用“锐胜”种衣剂研究

通过研究结果表明：使用种衣剂处理大豆种子,不但能提高田间出苗势、出苗率,能刺激幼苗生长,而且能提高单株结荚数、单株粒数及百粒重,其中以锐胜150g十适乐时200mL＋种子100kg产量增加最多,为223．53kg／667m^2,较CK增产3．21％,但未达显著水平。     

超甜玉米果玉1号的遗传研究与选育

黑甜玉米集黑玉米、甜玉米的诸多优点于一身,具有较高的遗传附加值。含有Sh2的甜玉米出苗势较低,影响了其田间出苗率,增加了生产成本。本研究将含有大胚的种质导入优良的Sh2玉米群体中,增加了Sh2胚的营养物质含量,从而大大提高了超甜玉米的田间出苗率;将秘鲁大粒紫黑玉米种质逐步导入含Sh2的玉米种质中,选育适应性强、着色好的超甜玉米自交系,组配优良的果蔬玉米单交种。     

Low Temperature Emergence in Crop Plants

Summary

In Canada, seeding of agronomically important crops takes place during the early months of spring when temperatures are well below the optimum. Low temperature reduces the rate and success of germination. This in turn can result in slow asynchronous emergence from the soil and poor stand establishment. As emergence is a function of both germination and early seedling growth, the effect of low temperature on these developmental processes is of great interest. This review examines how low temperature affects germination and early seedling growth in relation to biochemical and molecular processes. As Brassica napus L. cv. Westar, canola, does not exhibit primary or secondary dormancy, it serves as an ideal species in which to study low temperature emergence. First, emergence is reviewed by independent sections covering germination and early seedling growth. Germination is dissected into the three phases of germination. Early seedling growth is broken into sections covering storage reserve mobilization, the expression of gene sets related to developmental stages, and the role of ABA. Next, comparisons between chilling injury in seeds and chilling injury in plants, oxidative stress, and seed priming are discussed. Finally, the current state of experimental evidence and results are used to resynthesize low temperature emergence in Brassica napus with final thoughts on future directions.     

Comparative efficacy of surface drying and re-drying seed priming in rice: changes in emergence, seedling growth and associated metabolic events

In seed priming, seeds are soaked in a solution of low water potential and dried back to their original weight. This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative performance of different seed priming treatments and to investigate whether re-drying is essential or not? Seeds of fine grain aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Super-Basmati were subjected to hardening, osmohardening with CaCl₂ and KCl (ψ _s ?1.25 MPa) each for 24 h (one cycle), and hydropriming and ascorbate priming (10 mg L^?1) for 48 h. Seeds were primed in two sets. In one set after each treatment, seeds were given three surface washings with distilled water and dried back near to original moisture contents with forced air. In the other case, after surface washings with distilled water, seeds were surface dried using blotting paper and sown immediately. All the priming treatments improved the emergence, seedling growth and reserve metabolism. Use of surface drying was more effective for rice seed invigoration, as evident from earlier and synchronized seedling emergence. Moreover, shoot and root length, seedling dry weight, root score, α-amylase activity, soluble sugars and dehydrogenase activity were also improved, although germination percentage and leaf score were similar from both strategies. Results suggested that surface drying, rather than re-drying close to original weight, was more effective, while among the treatments, osmohardening with CaCl₂ was the most effective. Increasing rice production with judicious use of water is need of the day, and aerobic rice cultivation is an attractive alternative for this purpose. However, poor and erratic stand establishment is one of the major hindrances in its wide scale adoption. In this regard, seed priming techniques are pragmatic approaches to achieve proper stand establishment in the new rice culture. They help in improving seedling density per unit area under optimal and adverse soil conditions and may be opted to improve the performance of aerobic rice.     

赤霉素、PEG对玉米种子活力的影响

以玉米创奇518陈种子为材料,利用赤霉素（GA₃）、聚乙二醇（PEG）及其复合引发对玉米种子进行处理,研究玉米种子活力的变化。结果表明,不同引发处理间玉米种子的活力指数、发芽势、发芽率及株高均表现出明显的差异。聚乙二醇具有明显提高玉米种子发芽率的作用,赤霉素能够促进植株的生长,提高玉米出苗速度。     

Improving the Field Emergence Performance of Super Sweet Corn by Sand Priming

Abstract

A priming method called sand priming was developed using sand as a priming solid matrix. The effect of sand priming on improving the field emergence performance of five super sweet corn cultivars was investigated. Sand priming significantly improved field emergence performance of all super sweet corn cultivars, and there was marked improvement by priming at 20ºC for 24 hr. After sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr, field emergence percentage (FEP) of “Green Superman”, “Huatian 1”, “Yangtian 1”, “Mitian 8”, and “Chaotian 43” was increased by 52.1%, 37.5%, 38.0%, 40.9%, and 33.3%, respectively. Their field emergence speed (FES) was 2.3, 1.8, 2.0, 2.0, and 1.8 times of the control, respectively. To further elucidate the effect of sand priming on improving the field emergence performance of super sweet corn, we analyzed the membrane system integrity, α-amylase activity and protein content. Sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr improved membrane system integrity and α-amylase activity in all super sweet corn cultivars. Furthermore, sand priming at 20ºC for 24 hr accelerated the degradation of embryo protein after 1 d germination in “Green Superman”.     

优质高产超甜玉米晶甜3号的选育报告

论述了优质高产超甜玉米新品种晶甜3号的选育经过及主要特征特性。该品种春播生育期约80 d、秋播约73 d，外观性状、食味、口感较好，甜度较高，皮薄，总得分86分，品质综合评价2级，达到甜玉米标准(NY/T523-2002)。同时介绍了其配套的栽培技术和制种技术要点及适应范围。     

水杨酸浸种对甜玉米种子萌发及生理特性的影响

用不同浓度(0.25、0.5、0.75、1.0、1.25、1.5 mmol/L)的水杨酸(SA)溶液浸泡处理甜玉米种子进行发芽试验,统计种子萌发情况,分析幼苗相关生理指标的变化。结果表明,较低浓度的水杨酸溶液(0.25～0.75 mmol/L)处理有利于甜玉米种子的萌发,能有效提高种子发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数,提高可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量,增强幼苗中过氧化物酶(POD)活性,降低淀粉酶活性;较高浓度的水杨酸溶液(1.25～1.5 mmol/L)抑制甜玉米的萌发,与对照相比降低幼苗可溶性糖含量,增强淀粉酶活性,1.5 mmol/L水杨酸溶液处理降低POD活性及脯氨酸含量。综合各指标,在生产中建议使用0.25～0.75 mmol/L水杨酸溶液处理种子,可促进种子萌发,调节酶活性,提高植物对逆境的抗性。     

Emergence of cuphea seeds treated with different fungicides

Cuphea (Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. × C. lanceolata f. silenoides W.T. Aiton, Lythraceae) is an oilseed crop, with medium-chain fatty acids, being developed for the North Central United States for industrial applications in the manufacture of soaps and detergents. Seed germination and seedling emergence of cuphea is often low when compared to the commercial crops. Identification of seed treatments to optimize seedling emergence and stand establishment for cuphea are important for commercial production. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of several fungicide treatments on pure live seed emergence (PLSE) of cuphea. Pure live seed emergence is defined as total seedling emergence adjusted by the germination of the seed planted. Field experiments were conducted at Prosper, ND and Glyndon, MN, in 2005 and 2006. Previous crop rotations were soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]/hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and soybean/hard red spring wheat/sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera L.) at Prosper and Glyndon, respectively, for both years. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with six treatments and four replicates. Treatments were: no fungicide applied (check treatment), captan, mefenoxam, fludioxonil + mefenoxam, azoxystrobin, and azoxystrobin + mefenoxam. Plant stand was counted and PLSE was calculated 10 to 15 d after seeding at all locations by counting emerged seedlings in the center two-plot-rows and adjusting PLSE for germination. Greenhouse experiments were conducted with soil treatments (pasteurized and non-pasteurized) and the same fungicide seed treatments as the field experiment. Pure live seed emergence, vigor index, and percent of diseased seedlings were recorded. Plant stand and PLSE were significantly greater for the seed treatments that had mefenoxam at the Glyndon, MN, environments, in which the previous crop was sugarbeet. Soil treatment (pasteurization) increased PLSE and vigor index. All fungicide seed treatments improved PLSE and vigor index and reduced damping-off compared to the untreated check. Results suggest that seed treatments including mefenoxam would be beneficial for commercial cuphea production.     

特用玉米种子沙引发处理对其萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

以糯玉米、爆裂玉米和甜玉米3种特用玉米为材料,测定沙引发处理后种子萌发指标、幼苗形态和生理指标的变化。结果表明,沙引发能显著提高糯玉米和甜玉米的种子活力,对3种特用玉米的幼苗生长具有显著的促进作用,但对种子发芽率无显著影响。沙引发处理显著提高了3种类型特用玉米幼苗的过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,显著降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量。沙引发效果受基因型影响,对种子萌发的促进作用表现为糯玉米>甜玉米>爆裂玉米;对幼苗生长的促进作用表现为甜玉米>爆裂玉米>糯玉米。沙引发能够提高幼苗体内抗氧化酶的活性,从而增强幼苗对外界环境的适应能力。     

不同直播方式下种子处理方式对直播稻出苗和产量的影响

为了选择合理的种子处理方式,解决水稻机直播全苗问题,选择杂交稻川优6203、常规稻金农丝苗,在水直播、旱直播方式下,比较了干种子直播、浸泡48 h后直播、浸泡48h催芽至露白后直播、浸泡48 h催芽至半粒谷长后直播等方式对水稻出苗率、基本苗数、有效穗数、颖花数、结实率、千粒重以及产量的影响。结果表明,种子浸泡48 h催芽至露白时播种,有较高的出苗率,可以确保较高的基本苗数。不同种子处理方式对直播稻的有效穗数、千粒重的影响达极显著水平,对颖花数及结实率的影响不显著。在水直播方式下浸泡48 h,催芽露白或至半粒谷长时直播,不仅有利于增加群体数量,还有利于改善产量性状。无论采用水直播还是旱直播方式,宜将种子浸种48 h后催芽至露白时进行机直播,出苗率高,群体足,产量性状合理,可以获得较高产量。