共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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糖脂代谢是人和动物正常生长发育的能源基础,这将直接影响着动物的脂质性状,因此糖脂代谢目前已经成为培育优质畜禽品种的切入点。近年来,发现碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白(carbohydrate response element binding protein,ChREBP)在调控动物糖脂代谢中具有重要的作用,特别在糖脂代谢的主要场所——肝脏中对糖脂代谢发挥着关键作用。作者就ChREBP的结构特征、组织分布、葡萄糖应答机制、生物学功能、表达调控等方面作一综述,以期为今后的研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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《饲料研究》2015,(23)
阐述肿瘤的发生与糖脂代谢间的联系,探讨microRNAs对肿瘤糖脂代谢的干扰,并对作用机制进行总结分析,从而预测microRNAs在新型饲料和饲料添加剂研究中的应用。查阅近年相关文献,进行综合整理、归纳和综述。microRNAs和肿瘤糖脂代谢间存在密切的联系,应用基因工程技术可将其应用于饲料及添加剂中。其中对脂代谢起调节作用的小RNA有miR-143、miR-27a/b、miR-378/378*、miR-335和miR-103。对糖代谢发挥作用的小RNA有miR-143、miR-210、miR-125a/b、miR-155和miR-10b。脂代谢相关microRNAs主要是通过PPARs途径、LXRs途径和SREBPs途径等脂代谢信号转导途径来影响脂质代谢。通常以脂代谢关键基因为靶基因并抑制或增强它们的表达来调控脂代谢,从而影响肿瘤的发生和发展。糖代谢相关的microRNAs可诱导缺氧环境、调控癌基因与抑癌基因、调节糖酵解过程中的关键酶及乳酸去路等诸多方面参与糖代谢的过程,从而影响肿瘤细胞中的糖代谢。 相似文献
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对大鼠附睾和肾周脂肪组织分离的前体脂肪细胞原代培养,采用RT—PCR法分析脂代谢重要酶和转录因子基因在不同分化阶段转录表达的时序变化。结果显示,在前体脂肪细胞阶段,固醇调控元件结合蛋白(SREBP)-1c、碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白(ChREBP)以及脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶α(ACC1)、硬酯酰辅酶A去饱和酶(SCD)和激素敏感脂酶(HSL)基因均不转录表达;HSL mRNA在分化初期表达,中期表达水平最高,分化末期降低;SCD mRNA在分化中期表达,末期表达水平显著提高;分化初期FAS mRNA水平明显高于中期和末期;ACC1 mRNA仅在末期表达;分化初期SREBP-1c mRNA水平较高,中期和末期显著下降;ChREBP mRNA表达水平在分化末期稍高于中期,但差异不显著。表明,SREBP-1c mRNA的表达与脂肪细胞早期分化调控有关,分化成熟脂肪细胞的ChREBP mRNA表达可能与生脂基因的转录激活有关。 相似文献
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脂多糖(LPS)是革兰阴性菌细胞壁的主要成分,广泛存在于环境中,可诱导机体炎症反应,与奶牛的多种疾病相关。环境和疾病等因素引起机体LPS水平升高,LPS与巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和上皮细胞等作用,激活NF-κB和MAPKs信号通路,释放炎症因子,改变机体糖脂代谢相关激素和脂肪因子水平,进而影响糖脂代谢,造成奶牛2型糖尿病、酮病、脂肪肝和肥胖等代谢性疾病。本文综述了LPS与炎症反应和糖脂代谢相互作用关系及其导致糖脂代谢异常作用机制,为LPS致奶牛糖脂代谢异常机理研究提供参考。 相似文献
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MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类广泛存在于真核生物中的内源性短链非编码RNA分子.其长度在20~24 nt之间,可以凭借特异性序列互补结合的方式来调控其功能性靶基因的表达.随着高通量测序技术的普及和优化以及广大农林科学研究者对miRNA功能的不懈研究,更多脂类代谢相关的miRNA被挖掘出来,构成了较为完整的脂类代谢调控网络.虽然现阶段关于miRNA对脂代谢的分子调控机制的报道较为充足,但多数研究和报道却局限在细胞层面,使得关于miRNA研究方法的报道相对单一且不完善,因而采用动物模型研究miRNA调控脂代谢分子机制为研究者提供了新思路.本文主要就鼠、鱼、兔三种动物模型上的miRNA对脂代谢的调控加以综述,以期今后对丰富miRNA调控脂代谢通路的研究方式提供参考,并为分子层面上调控畜产品质量的研究工作提供理论依据. 相似文献
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表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)是茶叶中的主要成分,具有调控脂肪组织稳态、调节机体糖、脂代谢、缓解非酒精性脂肪肝等多种生物学功能,可作为一种天然的饲料添加剂用以提高畜禽的生产性能,具有广泛的利用价值和应用前景。为此,本文综述了EGCG对脂质代谢的调控机制及其在畜禽生产中的应用,以便为更好地将EGCG应用于畜牧领域提供参考。 相似文献
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脂联素是脂肪组织细胞特异性分泌的一种细胞因子,能够调控生物体的能量稳态、糖类和脂类代谢、肥胖、抵抗炎症反应等,具有多种生物学功能,在人类健康方面发挥着重要作用,同样对脂联素的深入研究也对我们在畜牧业生产中如何降低畜禽脂肪沉积,改善肉品质等方面有重要的指导作用。文中就脂联素的来源、结构,对糖和脂肪代谢调控、表达及其受体的研究进展作一综述。 相似文献
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Stimulation of lipogenesis by insulin in swine adipose tissue: antagonism by porcine growth hormone 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of physiological (1, 10 ng/ml) and pharmacological (1,000 ng/ml) concentrations of insulin (INS) and porcine growth hormone (pGH) on lipid metabolism were determined in short-term (2 h) and long-term (26, 50 h) incubations of swine adipose tissue. The short-term effects of three different commercial sources of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on adipose tissue metabolism were also evaluated. Two of the three BSA preparations were found to be unsuitable for inclusion in the short-term incubation buffer because they caused a stimulation of lipid synthesis in adipose tissue and masked the stimulatory effects of insulin. Physiological concentrations of insulin stimulated glucose metabolism in 2-h incubations by 100% in adipose tissue from 80-kg swine. After a 26-h incubation period, INS maintained rates of glucose metabolism at levels comparable to maximally stimulated rates in fresh tissue. Insulin also enhanced glucose metabolism following 50-h incubations; however, rates were less than for 2- or 26-h incubations. Glucose metabolism was also stimulated in adipose tissue from 127-kg swine when incubated for 2 h with INS; however, INS responsiveness declined with increasing body weight. Lipogenesis and glucose oxidation were partially maintained by INS using tissue from the heavier swine. A pharmacological but not physiological concentration of pGH stimulated glucose metabolism in short-term incubations by 50% in adipose tissue from 80-kg swine, and by 10% in adipose tissue from 127-kg swine. Long-term culture of adipose tissue in the presence of pGH had no effect on glucose metabolism. Physiological levels of pGH directly antagonized the stimulation of glucose metabolism by INS in short- and long-term incubations. In summary, these results are the first to establish that swine adipose tissue is quite sensitive to insulin and that pGH directly antagonizes insulin action. 相似文献
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肝脏中脂肪酸代谢平衡的破坏是肝脂肪变性的主要原因,胰岛素和葡萄糖都能独立调控肝脏中脂肪酸的生成,在这些调控中起重要作用的转录因子如SR EBP-1,C hR EBP,PPAR等与肝脂肪变性的发生有紧密联系。 相似文献
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脂肪酸在动物脂质代谢和免疫调节中起着至关重要的作用,G蛋白偶联受体120(G-protein coupled receptor 120,GPR120)又被称为游离脂肪酸受体4(free fatty acid receptor 4,FFAR4)是G蛋白偶联受体家族成员。它可以被长链脂肪酸激活,参与调节机体糖脂代谢,是治疗人及畜禽脂质代谢紊乱及免疫调节等相关疾病的热点靶点。本文就近来GPR120在脂肪组织中的研究现状、对免疫调节的作用及其激动剂或配体作为药物运用的可能做一综述。 相似文献
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微生物-肠-肌轴调节骨骼肌代谢和功能的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
骨骼肌的质量不仅影响着人或动物机体的运动能力和健康状态,还影响着畜禽的肌肉产量和品质。随着对微生物功能的深度挖掘,肠-脑轴、肠-肝轴、肠-脂轴等由微生物及其代谢产物介导的信号途径均被证实参与了机体的能量代谢。近年来,微生物-肠道-骨骼肌轴也被证实,因此通过调控肠道菌群或其代谢产物进而调节机体骨骼肌代谢为改善肌肉产量和品质提供了新的思路。本文主要综述了肠道微生物及其关键代谢产物在骨骼肌功能和糖脂代谢等方面的潜在作用和机制,并简要总结了菌群介导的调控骨骼肌功能的潜在手段,为畜禽养殖中改善肉质提供了一定的参考和新思路。 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2016,(3)
In livestock diets, energy is one of the most expensive nutritional components of feed formulation. Because lipids are a concentrated energy source, inclusion of lipids are known to affect growth rate and feed efficiency, but are also known to affect diet palatability, feed dustiness, and pellet quality. In reviewing the literature, the majority of research studies conducted on the subject of lipids have focused mainly on the effects of feeding presumably high quality lipids on growth performance, digestion, and metabolism in young animals. There is, however, the wide array of composition and quality differences among lipid sources available to the animal industry making it essential to understand differences in lipid composition and quality factors affecting their digestion and metabolism more fully. In addition there is often confusion in lipid nomenclature, measuring lipid content and composition, and evaluating quality factors necessary to understand the true feeding value to animals. Lastly, advances in understanding lipid digestion, post-absorption metabolism, and physiological processes(e.g., cell division and differentiation, immune function and inflammation); and in metabolic oxidative stress in the animal and lipid peroxidation, necessitates a more compressive assessment of factors affecting the value of lipid supplementation to livestock diets. The following review provides insight into lipid classification, digestion and absorption, lipid peroxidation indices, lipid quality and nutritional value, and antioxidants in growing pigs. 相似文献