广东石坑崆森林群落植物区系成分的垂直分布格局

在广东第一峰石坑崆海拔500 m到海拔1 900 m的范围内,海拔每升高100 m设置一条水平样带,共计调查了15条样带,样地面积18 000 m2.结果表明:基于18 000 m2样地的广东第一峰石坑崆森林群落共有维管束植物116科247属420种;整个海拔梯度的植物区系组成以热带、亚热带的科属为主,缺乏纯热带成分,具有中亚热带植物区系的基本特征;蕨类植物以单型科和单型属占绝对优势,中低海拔样带植物种类的变异度较大,而种子植物沿海拔梯度的物种分布变异性比较均衡.     

杉木生态系统生物量与固碳能力的分析与评价

杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)是我国特有的优良速生针叶树种,分布地域广阔,在碳循环及维护生态系统平衡等方面发挥着非常重要的作用。本文通过分析大量文献,讨论了立地条件、分布区域和经营方式等因素对杉木林生态系统生物量和生产力的影响。根据文献资料对杉木林生态系统生物量和固碳能力进行了初步估测。结果表明:①中国杉木林生态系统平均生物量约为36.516 t.hm-2,平均生产力约为8.412 t.hm-2.a-1。杉木林生产力的最大值在杉木中心分布区的中亚热带,尤以中亚热带南部亚地带的最高,其生产力平均达13.50 t.hm-2.a-1;中亚热带北部亚地带平均为11.95 t.hm-2.a-1;南亚热带和北亚热带分别是8.83 t.hm-2.a-1和5.54 t.hm-2.a-1;北热带地区杉木林的生物生产力最低,平均为5.02t.hm-2.a-1。②1994年以前的统计数据,中国杉木林生态系统的总植物碳储量为:幼龄林9.98×106t,中龄林31.61×106t,近熟林11.73×106t,成熟林7.50×106t,过熟林2.87×106t,总计为63.69×106t。③目前,中国杉木林面积达1 239.1×104hm2,蓄积量为47 357.33×104m3,换算成生物量约为18 938.20×104t,总固碳量约为5 211.65×104t.a-1。目前,杉木林生态系统的碳储量的估算没有包括土壤以及凋落物层的碳含量,因此,所估算的杉木林固碳能力和总的碳储量可能偏低。     

我国热带天然林植被C贮存量的估算

以海南岛尖峰岭热带林生态系统定位研究站多年的研究作为基本数据,用两种方法计算了海南岛和用一种方法计算了云南南部热带森林的Ｃ素库总量。结果表明,海南热带天然林的Ｃ素库总量为０．７１９－０．７３４亿ｔ,云南南部的热带天然林的Ｃ素库总量在０．６５３亿ｔ以上。     

闽侯县生物多样性保护存在的问题与对策

闽侯县地处中亚热带与南亚热带的过渡区域,野生动植物资源较丰富,但在经济发展进程中生物多样性保护工作存在较大的问题。作者对此提出了一些建设,以期为保护工作的开展提供参考。     

The Study of Communities Characteristics about the Pterospermum heterophyllum at Latianpu, Zengcheng, Guangzhou

风水林作为生境缺失和破碎化的产物,对保护区域生物多样性资源具有重要意义.广州增城腊田埔的风水林以翻白叶树(Pterospermum heterophyllum)为建群种.文章首次对分布于广州南亚热带低丘平地的翻白叶树林进行了群落特征研究,结果表明,群落组成种类复杂,1 200 m2样带内有维管植物41科62属80种,种子植物属的区系属性以热带亚热带区系成分为主,体现出群落由热带向亚热带过渡的性质;群落结构较复杂,分层现象不明显,冠层树冠不连续,DBH≥20 cm的大径级个体较多,形成群落极大的胸高断面积,达66.13 m2·hm-2;群落生物多样性分析表明,该群落乔木层的Shannon-Wiener指数为4.655 7,符合南亚热带常绿阔叶林的指数范围;基于样带面积统计的建群种种群年龄结构分析表明,群落建群种属稳定进展种群,该群落将保持相当长的稳定性.     

中国鸟类的新发现

正中国幅员辽阔,南北跨纬度49°以上,包括寒温带、温带、暖温带、亚热带和热带;东西跨经度62°,由东部海洋性湿润气候过渡到西部大陆性干旱气候。从西部隆起的青藏高原向东,遍布全国的高山峡谷和广袤无垠的平原、湿地、荒原、沙漠等都是鸟类赖以生存的栖息环境,为它们提供丰富的食物来源和栖息、繁衍所需要的天然隐蔽场所。东部、南部辽阔的领海和一万八千多公里长的海岸线,包括沿海     

浅谈黑龙江黑河森林生态定位观测研究站建设的必要性

黑龙江黑河森林生态定位观测研究站是中国森林生态系统定位观测研究网络(CFERN)中的第91个森林生态站,主要对大小兴安岭过渡区的生物多样性、红松天然分布北界群落特征、火山森林生态系统结构与功能、森林功能对环境质量的影响等进行长期系统的定位观测研究。目的是为揭示过渡区森林生态系统的演替和恢复规律、为量化生态服务功能与生态效益补偿、为森林与人居环境的规划与管理提供理论依据和技术支撑。文章对黑龙江黑河森林生态定位观测研究站建设必要性进行了论述。     

生态问题与森林生态系统管理

从当代生态问题的严峻形势出发,分析了生态问题的形成,与人类对生态过程的认识.进而从生态系统管理的基本概念出发,提出森林生态系统管理研究的重大意义,并从理论到实践上提出了研究森林生态系统的一些基本原则.     

中国湿地保护:为世界湿地保护注入新动力——纪念《湿地公约》第十四届缔约方大会召开一周年

<正>湿地是陆地与水体之间的过渡区和生态交错区,储存着陆地生物圈35%的碳,养育着地球40%的物种,提供给人类96%以上的可利用淡水。可以说湿地生态系统比其他生态系统更具有特殊性。中国拥有广阔多样的湿地,从寒温带到热带、从平原到高原山区都有分布。中国的湿地在生物多样性保护中发挥着重要作用,涵养水源和净化水质功能也十分显著,是国家淡水安全的生态保障。自2022年《湿地公约》第十四届缔约方大会召开以来,中国的湿地保护修复取得显著成效,湿地保护管理和研究事业又有新进展,为保护湿地全球行动注入了新的动力。     

广州增城腊田埔翻白叶树林群落分析

风水林作为生境缺失和破碎化的产物,对保护区域生物多样性资源具有重要意义。广州增城腊田埔的风水林以翻白叶树（Pterospermum heterophyllum）为建群种。文章首次对分布于广州南亚热带低丘平地的翻白叶树林进行了群落特征研究,结果表明,群落组成种类复杂,1200m^2样带内有维管植物41科62属80种,种子植物属的区系属性以热带亚热带区系成分为主,体现出群落由热带向亚热带过渡的性质;群落结构较复杂,分层现象不明显,冠层树冠不连续,DBH≥120cm的大径级个体较多,形成群落极大的胸高断面积,达66．13m^2·hm^-2;群落生物多样性分析表明,该群落乔木层的Shannon—Wiener指数为4．6557,符合南亚热带常绿阔叶林的指数范围;基于样带面积统计的建群种种群年龄结构分析表明,群落建群种属稳定进展种群,该群落将保持相当长的稳定性。     

Ecological and climatological signals in tree-ring width and density chronologies along a latitudinal boreal transect

Shifts in the climate sensitivity of trees throughout the twentieth century might indicate climate change effects in the boreal forest ecosystem. We here evaluated such potential changes by analyzing six tree-ring width (TRW) and maximum latewood density (MXD) chronologies from northern, central and southern boreal forests in Finland (60°N–69°N). Besides latitudinal effects, differing micro-sites (lakeshore and inland) were considered to evaluate the influence of ground water access on twentieth-century tree-ring formation and climate sensitivity. Overall, the boreal MXD chronologies appeared less affected by micro-site conditions compared to the TRW chronologies. Along the boreal transect, mean growth rates decrease with increasing latitude, but the ratio of earlywood-to-latewood (～70%/～30%) remains stable. However, latewood is slightly denser at the dry inland micro-sites. The correlations with climate data showed that TRW and MXD at all sites are positively related with summer temperature. The MXD chronologies are also negatively correlated with precipitation, a feature that is largely missing in TRW. A recent trend toward wetter and cloudier conditions in the study region coincides with a shift of the MXD signal from a distinct temperature limitation toward an additional sensitivity to precipitation, which in turn stimulated the trees’ competition for sunlight.     

杉木林地套种砂仁提高果实产量的研究

在砂仁由北纬24°37′(长泰)北移到北纬26°34′(南平)获得引种成功的基础上,通过进一步研究试验,在杉木林地套种砂仁,采取田间管理等技术措施的研究,以求达到提高果实产量的目的。     

Restoration and Rebuilding of Forestry Ecological System in Heilongjiang Province

IntroductionHeilongiiangProvinceisoneoftheIargestforestryregionsinChina,whichisnamedaspreciousregionsofforestsdeposits.Greatamountoftimberandrnanykindsofforestproductshavebeenproducedthere.Thedenseforestshaveprovidednaturaldefenseforthesucceedinghighand's…     

泸沽湖自然保护区啮齿动物调查报告

１９９８ 年３ 月采用样线法对泸沽湖自然保护区的啮齿动物进行调查, 发现泸沽湖保护区有２６ 种啮齿动物,分属于６ 科, １６ 属。依据调查资料, 对本区啮齿类种群的出现与植物群落的关系进行了分析; 还探讨了啮齿动物在本区森林生态系统中的作用。     

北京市生态公益林经营目标及指标体系的研究

在“温带和北方森林可持续经营标准与指标”及“中国森林可持续经营标准与指标”的基础上,遵循统一、系统、可操作性原则,制定了北京市生态公益林经营目标及指标体系。北京市生态公益林经营目标包括生物多样性的保护、森林生态系统生产力的维持、森林生态系统健康活力的维持、水土资源的保持、社会效益的保持与加强和经济效益的保持与加强6个方面,共38个指标。     

Spatial fluctuation of forest fires and their regional behaviors

Historical forest fire records from Alaska State (1950–2000), California State (1895-2001), USA and Heilongjiang Province (1980–1999), China were used to calculate the longitude and latitude of the annual burned area’s centroids for these regions. Fluctuation phenomena by year were analyzed using spectrum analysis. The results show that centroids of burned areas in these three regions are in a fluctuating condition that encircles the distribution center. The distribution centers are 151.11°W, 64.96°N in Alaska State, 120.02°W, 37.11°N in California State and 127.07°E, 49.59°N in Heilongjiang Province, respectively. The fluctuation of the burned area’s centroids in Alaska State and California State in longitude has obvious periodicity, and the periodicities are 4.2 years, 6.25 years in Alaska State and 6.24 years, 106 years in California State. The fluctuation of the burned area’s centroids in Heilongjiang Province has a periodicity both in longitude and latitude, and the periodicities are both 3.3 years, 6.67 years. Fluctuation of the burned area’s centroids in Alaska State and California State in latitude does not have periodicity, and big forest fires with low frequencies predominate. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(5): 89–103 [译自: 林业科学]     

Evidence for important genetic differentiation between provenances of Parkia biglobosa from the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa

Parkia biglobosa is a traditional economic tree legume of considerable multipurpose importance in the sudano-sahelian region in Africa. The species grows in multiple climatic zones with precipitation ranging from 600 to 2,500?mm a year and its natural distribution extends from Senegal and Guinea in West Africa to Uganda in Central Africa. In the present paper, a range wide sample of 25 provenances of P. biglobosa was tested in Burkina Faso, West Africa at two sites; Gonse (latitude 12°25′N; longitude 1°20′W; altitude 280?m) in the north-sudanian zone and at Dinderesso (latitude 11°18′N; longitude 4°35′W; altitude 425?m) in the south-sudanian zone. Based on analysis of survival and growth traits, we provide evidence of substantial genetic differentiation between P. biglobosa populations within West Africa. Height growth was best at Gonse, while the survival rate was higher at Dinderesso (61%) compared to Gonse (35%). Links between geographical parameters and the provenances performance were significant, and interesting geographic patterns were observed. Our results point towards superior fitness of the local Burkina Faso populations, and we speculate that presence of a continuum of locally adapted populations can be a part of the explanation for the species’ ability to thrive under quite different climatic conditions across West Africa. Based on the findings, we suggest recommendations for seed deployment and conservation strategies of the species in the West African Sahel. This is particularly important when considering the on-going climate change.     

Tropical Rain Forest regeneration in an area degraded by mining in Mato Grosso State, Brazil

The floristic composition and structure of vegetation in natural regeneration were studied in a degraded area in Matupá County, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, originally occupied by Tropical Rain Forest. Three plots were used in the shape of a 20 m×160 m transect, divided into 10 m×20 m sub-plots, placed parallel to a remnant fragment. Transect 1 was 0–20 m from the fragment; Transect 2, 20–40 m, and Transect 3, 40–60 m from the forest fragment. The total height and diameter at soil height of all the shrubs and tree individuals (height≥0.50 m) were measured to the 5, 13 and 18 months after the area had been systematized and abandoned. Floristic and structural alterations occurred in space and time. The number of individuals, species, families and diversity increased during the time interval studied and decreased with distance from the remnant fragment. These floristic and structural alterations in the community as a whole and in the populations of the most important species, Trema micrantha (L.) Blume and Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke, showed the tendency of a succession model by facilitation, where these pioneers would be improving the ecological conditions and thus easing the regeneration of late species. The conservation of the forest fragment in the surroundings was essential for the natural regeneration process of the forest in the degraded area.     

Zoning by Functions of Small-Scale Forest Ecosystems: A Case Study of Hui-Sun Forest Station in Taiwan Province, China

To optimize the spatial structure of an ecosystem, a forest landscape was selected as a research object. Based on the theory of structure and functions of landscape ecology, combined with the analysis of the characteristics of the inner structure in an ecosystem, this paper proposes to establish certain procedures to regulate the spatial structure of this forest landscape and construct a landscape pattern of forest ecosystem functions. Considering the functions of biologic production, environmental services, and cultural support in forest ecosystems, forest landscape zones should consist of areas of forest production, research, experimentation, recreation, and conservation to add value to the forest ecosystem, enhance its functions, and then identify the relevant environmental factors according to the environment featured in the research area. Based on the methods of landscape ecology and ecological planning, this paper develops a zoning project of ecosystem functions suitable for various environments. For this research, the Hui-Sun forest station in Taiwan Province, China was selected to be the experimental area for studying the feasibility of developing a zoning project of forest ecosystem services and the suitability of optimizing the spatial structures of the services. Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24(9) (in Chinese)     

我国西南喀斯特森林生态系统生态化学计量学研究

喀斯特森林生态系统作为喀斯特生态系统的重要组成部分,其生态化学计量特征是喀斯特生态系统研究的热点。对比其他森林生态系统,我国西南喀斯特森林生态系统的植物具有较高的C含量和较低的N、P含量,植物生长一般会受到N、P的限制;凋落物和土壤N、P含量较高,不同植被类型土壤P含量有很大差异;随着植被正向演替的进行,土壤N含量和凋落物N、P含量有逐渐增加的趋势;喀斯特森林生态系统化学计量特征主要受到植物个体差异、气候、地形和人类活动的影响。文中系统总结了我国西南喀斯特森林生态系统的研究概况、生态化学计量特征、影响因素及研究方向,并针对我国西南喀斯特森林生态系统生态化学计量学研究亟待解决的科学问题从4个方面进行了研究展望。