植物组织培养中污染产生的原因及防止措施

污染是植物组织培养中的常见问题,给科研和生产造成了不同程度的损失,影响了科研和生产的发展。如何采取有效措施防止污染,把污染降到最低是当前需要解决的问题。该文对植物组织培养中污染发生的原因和防止措施进行了论述。     

LED光质对植物组织培养影响研究进展

发光二极管(LED)作为一种比传统光源更为有效的替代光源,越来越多地被应用于植物组织培养中。近年来学者围绕LED光源在植物组织培养中的应用进行了大量的研究,并已证明植物组织培养过程的各个阶段均受到LED光质的调控。该文就LED光质调控植物组织培养的研究现状进行概述,重点介绍了LED光质对植物愈伤组织的诱导和分化、组织培养苗增殖、生长发育和生根壮苗等方面的影响,并对今后LED光质调控的研究进行了展望。     

木兰科植物组织培养研究进展

本文主要对木兰科属植物组织培养的研究进展进行了综述,详细论述了木兰科植物组织培养的研究意义,探讨其国内外的研究历史、进展和动态,并对木兰科植物组织培养中的影响因素和主要问题进行了初步讨论。     

木犀科植物组织培养研究综述

综述了影响木犀科植物组织培养的主要因素,如外植体、基本培养基、植物激素,并探讨了当前木犀科植物组织培养存在的问题及其未来的发展方向,为研究木犀科其他植物的组织培养提供了参考.     

果树组织培养中褐化现象的研究进展

介绍了果树植物组织培养褐变的发生机理，发生褐变的主要果树种类，综述了近年来果树植物组织培养中参与褐变现象的酚类物质、酚氧化酶以及多种影响因素的研究进展。     

树莓组织培养中外植体污染防止的研究

应用组织培养繁育树莓苗木可提高繁殖系数和苗木质量。在植物组织培养过程中,有效地控制污染是植物组织培养成功的关键技术之一。研究结果表明：外植体在0.1%HgCl2溶液中消毒时间为8min,初生培养基中＂费尔杜德＂和＂哈瑞太兹＂分别附加60mg/L、80mg/L抗生素,可有效地控制外植体污染。     

我国松科植物组织培养研究进展

该文从我国松科植物组织培养、松科植物器官发生和体细胞胚胎发生研究进展等方面系统叙述了我国松科植物组织培养研究取得的成就,并对松科植物组织培养前景进行了展望,旨在为科研和生产实践提供重要的理论参考和指导。     

花椒属植物组织培养研究进展

花椒属植物兼具经济、药用及生态价值,开发前景广阔。近年来,其种植规模发展迅速,已成为许多地区的特色农产品支柱产业。植物组织培养技术的应用为花椒属植物产业化繁殖体系的建立及优良新品种的培育提供了有效途径,从而对促进其产业发展具有重要意义。文中综述了近年来花椒属植物组织培养研究现状,重点对外植体选择、基本培养基与培养条件、植物生长调节剂、生根培养等重要环节的研究成果进行概述,探讨了当前花椒属植物组织培养存在的问题,并展望了未来的发展前景,以期为解决花椒属植物组织培养中褐化、污染、玻璃化问题,加强花椒属植物组织培养研究,提高花椒属植物利用价值,构建花椒属植物高效稳定的遗传转化体系提供参考。     

浅论植物组织培养在植物学研究中的应用

文章从植物组织培养技术发展与现状入手,对组织培养的优点进行了分析,提出了植物组织培养在植物学研究、育种学研究的基础地位和在林木花卉育苗产业中的科技支撑和保障作用。     

植物组织培养法——繁殖树木优良品种的新方法

一、植物组织培养法在繁殖树木优良品种方面的作用植物组织培养法是用适当的培养基对植物细胞、组织、器官、胚等进行无菌离体培养的一种方法。这种方法最初应用对象和范围都比较窄。近40年来,随着近代分子生物学、细胞生物学、生理学、形态学和遗传学的发展以及某些先进技术的不断引进,植物组织培养技术发展迅速,应用范围也越来越广。它从最初对植物根的离体培养,发展     

广州市南沙区珠江口海岸防护林树种及主要群系组成的初步探讨

通过考察广州市南沙区珠江入海口一带海岸防护林的主要树种及其群系组成,结果表明：广州市南沙区珠江口岸防护林主要树种有18科,25种,共有7种植物群系：无瓣海桑群系、桐花林群系、木榄群系、白骨壤群系、秋茄群系、水生草本植物群系和木麻黄群系,通过现场调查及查阅相关资料,对各种树种的生物生态学特性和各类群系的组成及特点作了探讨。     

竹类植物纤维及其细胞超微结构的研究进展

对竹类纤维细胞的基本形态、发育形成过程、超微观构造及其与竹材物理力学性质关系的研究现状和最新进展进行了系统的概述;对随竹龄变化而变化的细胞器、木质化过程、细胞壁增厚及多层结构,尤其是细胞壁的沉积机理进行了分析;还对我国有关竹类植物纤维细胞壁的沉积过程和超微构造的研究提出了一些建议。     

青钱柳子叶不定根的发生机制

本文以青钱柳子叶为材料,WPM为基本培养基,研究不同质量浓度的外源ABA和IBA对子叶不定根发生的影响,并对不定根发生与内源激素的变化关系进行探讨.结果表明:添加0.5～5 mg·L~(-1) IBA,对子叶不定根发生均有不同程度的促进作用,以1.5 mg·L~(-1)效果最佳,诱导生根率、平均生根条数和根长均达最大,生根率可达到100%;而添加0.01～0.5 mg·L~(-1) ABA和不加激素的对照没有不定根的发生.内源激素的动态测定表明IAA对不定根的发生起关键性作用,根原基的启动需要较高的内源IAA,而不定根的形成与根的伸长需要相对较低的内源IAA水平.较高的IAA/ABA,IAA/GA_3比值有利于不定根的发生,能较好反映出生根过程中内源激素间的平衡需求,GA_3可能不是影响不定根发生的关键因素.研究结果为青钱柳生根诱导及其机制的研究提供依据.     

Seasonal changes in stem radius and production of new tracheids in Norway spruce

The progress of xylem formation in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) was measured during one growing season in southern Finland. Stem radius was monitored continuously with band dendrometers, and the formation of new tracheids was determined by examination of small increment cores taken twice weekly. Tracheid production started in June and ceased in August. Xylem formation was fastest in early July, when 0.75-1.25 new tracheids were formed per day. The rate of xylem formation was significantly correlated with mean daily temperature. Synchronous fluctuations in tracheid and lumen diameters were observed at the same relative positions within each annual ring, but no relationship existed between the diameters and weather variables. The timing of changes in stem radius differed from the timing of actual xylem formation. Stem radius increased in April and May, and the fastest daily increments were recorded in June. Increases in stem radius slowed in July, but small increases were measured more than a month after xylem formation had ceased. Daily changes in stem radius were correlated with daily precipitation, reflecting changes in stem water content. Therefore, dendrometers are of dubious value for measuring the timing of actual xylem formation. Small increment cores proved to be useful in assessing actual xylem formation, but the method is laborious.     

黑茶山自然保护区青毛杨林林窗特征初步研究

对山西省黑茶山自然保护区青毛杨林林窗特征进行了分析,结果表明,黑茶山自然保护区青毛杨林林窗形成方式以折干为主,其中由砍伐形成的最为普遍;林窗形成木基部径级主要介于10 cm~25 cm之间;林窗大多由2株形成木形成,形成木主要是青毛杨,其它树种出现较少。最后建议加强保护区青毛杨林的保护力度,以实现可持续发展和利用。     

毛白杨无性系组培芽分化效应与离体选种的研究

毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)是我国华北地区的重要用材和绿化树种。从70年代开始,采用常规方法经无性系大田多点对比试验,已选出一些优良无性系,并进行了组培繁殖。离体培养条件下毛白杨不同无性系的器官分化能力存在着明显差异。本文采用8个毛白杨无性系为材料,在分析离体组织的生长分化特性与植株大田生长特性的关系的基础上,探索毛白杨生长性状的试管微型选择的可能性,并找出各无性系的最佳分化培养基,提高组培繁殖效率。     

Mevalonate kinase activity during different stages of plant regeneration from nodular callus cultures in white pine (Pinus strobus)

Mevalonate kinase (MK) catalyzes a step in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, which leads to a huge number of compounds that play important roles in plant growth and development. Here, we report on changes in MK activity in white pine (Pinus strobus L.) during plant regeneration by adventitious shoot organogenesis from cotyledons of mature embryos, including nodular callus induction, shoot formation and rooting. Nodular calli were induced from Pinus strobus (PS) embryos by culture in nodular callus induction medium in a 0-, 8- or 16-h photoperiod. Mevalonate kinase activity peaked in nodular calli after three weeks of culture on nodular callus induction medium in a 16-h photoperiod, whereas frequency of nodular callus formation peaked after 4 weeks of culture on nodular callus induction medium in darkness. During adventitious shoot formation, MK activity peaked in shoots derived from dark-grown nodular calli after 3 weeks on bud formation medium, and frequency of shoot formation was highest in dark-grown nodular calli cultured on bud formation medium for 4 weeks. During rooting, MK activity peaked 2 weeks after transfer of adventitious shoots to rooting medium and rooting frequency was highest in adventitious shoots after 3 weeks on rooting medium. Although during nodular callus induction in darkness MK activity was inversely related to frequency of nodular callus formation, MK activity was highly correlated with frequency of shoot formation and with rooting frequency. The observed increase in MK activity preceding rooting suggests that MK could serve as a marker for rooting of white pine shoots in vitro.     

植物扦插生根机理研究进展

植物扦插繁殖主要是不定根的形成过程,而不定根形成的复杂过程是多因素共同调控的,研究其生根机理对于了解不定根形成及控制具有重要意义。文中介绍了国内外关于不定根形成机理的分子水平、生理生化（植物激素、酶、营养物质等）以及解剖学等方面的研究进展。通过对生根机理的综合研究可以为难生根植物繁殖提供理论参考,为生产上加快植物扦插生根速率和提高其成活率提供技术支持。     

Seasonal dynamics of wood formation: a comparison between pinning,microcoring and dendrometer measurements

Three different methods were evaluated for analysing wood formation of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Finland. During two growing seasons, wood formation dynamics were determined both by wounding the cambium with a needle followed by localisation of the wound-associated tissue modification after the growing season (pinning), and by extracting small increment cores during the growing season (microcoring). Stem radius was additionally monitored with band dendrometers. For Norway spruce, pinning and microcoring yielded similar dates for the onset of wood formation. The timing of wood production during the growing season was also similar for pinning and microcoring. For Scots pine, the onset of wood formation was recorded from microcores almost 2 weeks later than from pinning samples. In Scots pine, microcore measurements also produced somewhat later cessation dates for tracheid formation than the pinning samples. For both tree species, the total number of tracheids formed during the growing season was, however, about the same for pinning and microcoring. Dendrometer results clearly differed from those of pinning and microcoring. In particular, the dendrometers showed an increase of stem radius considerably earlier in spring, when the other methods did not detect wood formation. Thus, pinning and microcoring currently represent the most reliable techniques for detailed monitoring of wood formation.     

短轮伐期用材林可行性研究报告编制几点意见

文章叙述了短轮伐期用材林的概念、建设意义、编制内容、技术路线和分项说明。论述了短轮伐期用材林编制方法和技术要点。