Application on Plasm Viscosity Detection With Piezoelectric Sensors

A piezoelectric biosensors for detection of plasm viscosity is developed, which is based on liquid damping effect of quartz crystal resonator. The measuring principal is given. Simultaneously, the detector of sensor and oscillator circuit is developed. The test results show that the maximal frequency shift of sensor are linearly dependent on square root of viscosity. The proposed sensor is much more simpler, more sensitive than the traditional methods. Furthermore, The sensor can be used to on-line detection.     

生物传感器在微生物毒素检测中的应用研究

对近年来生物传感器测定微生物毒素的研究进展进行了概括,主要包括在细菌毒素和真菌毒素检测中的应用,并对生物传感器的发展前景作了预测和展望。因生物传感器检测的专一性好、测量快速准确、设备简单,在市场上有极强的竞争力。     

Space-time Distribution Characteristics of Temperature Field During Asphalt Pavement Paving

The temperature of hot asphalt mixture and environment has a significant effect on the quality of asphalt pavement while paving.Influenced by various kinds of factors, the temperature of the hot asphalt mixture and environment are complicate and changeable while paving.The temperature of different space and time around asphalt pavement are measured while paving hot asphalt mixture on Hou-Yun expressway.The space-time distribution characteristics of temperature field while paving through analysis are given.     

甘肃经济与环境协调发展度评价研究

随着经济的快速发展,环境对经济发展的阻碍作用日益明显,可持续发展越来越引起人们的关注。虽然各学科领域的学者作了大量的研究工作,但理论上环境与经济协调发展的定量评价仍处于探索研究阶段。本文在对甘肃省经济与环境现状进行分析后,通过经济与环境协调度评价模型的研究,揭示出甘肃省环境状况与经济发展之间的关系,对当地环境政策的制定和评价具有一定参考意义。     

基于环境互作的加性-显性-加加上位性模型的多环境指数选择(英文)

适应性和稳定性是优良品种所必须具备的基本条件。在多个环境下对多个性状进行选择一直是一个悬而未决的难题。基于加性-显性-加加互作以及它们和环境互作的遗传模型,本文提出了两类选择指数:普通选择指数和考虑基因型与环境互作的选择指数(环境互作选择指数)。其中普通选择指数可用于具有广泛适应性品种的选择,环境互作选择指数则可用于具有特定环境适应性的基因型的选择。对于自花授粉作物,本文提出了两类育种值,即普通育种值和基因型与环境互作育种值。其中,普通育种值包括上位性效应和加加上位性效应,基因型与环境互作育种值包括加性、加加上位性与环境的互作效应。应用混合线性模型估算选择指数构建中涉及的方差-协方差分量。以一组陆地棉双列杂交设计试验作为实例,演示了所提出的选择指数的构建过程。本文提出的指数选择方法可望为多环境下多个性状同步选择提供一条有效的途径。     

冬季室内热环境与被褥微气候的匹配

冬季睡眠状态下,室内热环境与被褥微气候分别对人体头部和被覆躯体的热感觉造成直接影响。为了分析两个热环境的匹配关系以满足睡眠人体的热舒适水平,实验在不同的室内温度下,调节被褥微气候温度,测试了受试者的皮肤温度,并记录了热感觉和热可接受水平。研究结果表明:睡眠状态下,相比于室内热环境,人体热感觉对被褥微气候更敏感;此外,通过分析室内热环境和被褥微气候分别与整体热感觉和整体不满意率的关系,得到了睡眠热环境舒适区间。     

The Principle and Characteristic Analysis of the Transmission Technology of IP over Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(SDH)

The city living environment is an aggregation of various environments such as natural, social and psychological environments etc. They should be embodied in the urban planning.     

宁夏地区农村环境现状及保护对策

宁夏地区农村环境极易受到破环,而且多数地区一旦遭受污染、破坏,很难治理,恢复起来相当困难。因此,对宁夏地区农村环境现状进行了调查研究。研究发现宁夏地区农村环境存在着污灌导致土壤污染、乡镇企业污染严重、化肥、农药及农膜使用造成污染、秸秆及利用率低以及生活垃圾处理率低等问题,针对这些问题相应地提出诸如加强对农用水源和污水灌区的管理及农用化肥,农药生产、运输、销售和使用全过程的管理;继续开展多途径的秸秆综合利用,提高秸秆综合利用率;发展适合自身条件的农业模式;多方筹集资金,加快农村环保产业及基础设施建设等对策,以促进宁夏农村地区经济、社会、环境的和谐发展。     

生态环境中抗生素检测与降解方法的研究进展

伴随着时代的进步,关于治疗细菌性疾病的抗生素类药物不断的被研发出来,这类药物在畜牧养殖业和医疗行业广泛应用。由于抗生素类药物在人或动物体内很难被分解,又会随排泄物进入到环境中去,在生态环境中残留的抗生素可被动物吸收或在动物体内不断地积累,不同抗生素还会对环境中微生物种群的平衡造成破坏甚至会诱导产生抗性基因,对人类造成不可挽回的危害。文中分析了残留的抗生素可通过多种形式进入身体,并对人类健康造成危害;归纳了一些检测抗生素的常用方法;总结了降解抗生素的方法包括生物降解方法、非生物降解方法和生物联合降解的方法。最后指出了环境中残留抗生素降解的研究方向。     

In vitro conservation of tropical plant germplasm — a review

Summary In vitro medium term conservation of tropical plant germplasm is used routinely in many laboratories. Growth reduction is achieved by modifying various parameters, such as temperature, culture medium, gaseous environment. For long term conservation, cryopreservation (i.e. storage in liquid nitrogen, –196°C) is the only current method available. Each successive step of the process requires precise conditions which have to be defined for each material. Cryopreservation protocols have been set up for more than 40 tropical species. Results obtained with various culture systems such as cell suspensions, protoplasts, calluses, meristems and embryos are discussed. The first example of the large scale application of cryopreservation (oil palm somatic embryos) is presented.     

植物抗旱研究工作中的问题与方法初探*

干旱是最常见的环境胁迫之一。在我国，尤其是北方，干旱是农业生产最严重的限制因素。多年来抗旱机理的研究也研究的热点之一，各种抗旱的形态生理指标被提出来，但至今对植物抗旱机理的认识并不深入，提出的抗旱指标也在实际运用中效果并不理想。本文对植物抗旱机理研究中的一些问题阐述了自己的观点。     

种子休眠与萌发综述

种子休眠是高等植物中显花植物(即裸子植物和被子植物)经过长期进化而获得的一种对环境条件及季节性变化的生物学适应。休眠的种子可以在不适宜幼苗生长的情况下阻止种子的萌发,减少子代在恶劣环境萌发的的风险,一定程度上保障了种群的延续。本综述重点介绍种子休眠的类型、外界环境因素与母体环境因素以及植物激素对种子休眠与萌发的影响,并介绍了休眠的进化,各种不同类型的休眠在系统发生树上的分布,以期在阐明种子休眠机制的基础上提出一些解决生产过程中种子休眠问题的方法与路径,并为破坏严重的野生植物资源的保护,引种栽培提供理论依据。     

Power Frequency Electric Field Caused by EHV Lines and Its Effect

Mathematical model of power frequency electric field is established based on Charge Simulation Method(CSM) to analyze power frequency electric field caused by EHV lines with overhead ground wires and its effect, which are entering the megalopolis. Calculative method on the electric field under the transmission lines is analyzed and validated. According to the criterion of environmental evaluation, the distributing characteristic of electric field is summarized, in case of various arrangement manners of lines. At last, some advice and methods of eliminating electric field under the transmission lines entering the megalopolis is proposed with regard to protecting environment.     

重金属影响植物细胞超微结构和功能的研究进展

重金属是对我国环境污染最严重的污染物之一,不仅对生态环境产生着严重的危害,还会通过食物链富集到人体,给人带来巨大的危害。本文围绕着重金属对植物细胞的危害,从植物对重金属的吸收,植物体内重金属的分布以及重金属对植物细胞内各个重要的细胞器超微结构的影响等方面综述了重金属对植物细胞超微结构危害的研究进展,并对重金属损伤植物细胞的特点进行了归纳总结。     

Habitation environment suitability and population density patterns in China: A regionalization approach

The stunning disparity in population density between the southeast and northwest in China is highlighted by the “Hu Line,” a famous population demarcation line proposed by Huanyong Hu in 1935. This research seeks to uncover the underlying physical environment factors that shape such a contrast. Specifically, we propose a habitation environment suitability index (HESI) model to integrate topographic factors, climatic suitability, and hydrological condition into one comprehensive index, and then use a GIS‐automated regionalization method termed REDCAP (Regionalization with Dynamically Constrained Agglomerative Clustering and Partitioning) to derive two demarcation lines based on the HESI and population density values, respectively. The two lines that divide China into two regions are largely consistent with each other. The result indicates that the population distribution disparity between the southeast and northwest is largely attributable to the difference in physical environments, and the barrier defined by the Hu Line is here to stay. In addition, the research also explores the (in)consistency between population density and HESI distribution patterns in various regions.     

辽河流域水环境预警研究

建立科学的预警系统是解决中国水环境危机的重要手段,为解决正确、快速而又直观预警的问题,引申并利用韦伯-费希纳定律,结合熵权法,以辽宁段内的三合屯、阿吉堡作为研究实例,选取与辽河流域水环境关系密切的水质评价指标。在此基础上利用熵权法确定各指标的权重,计算2个断面的水环境预警值,进而建立水环境质量等级与水环境综合影响指数之间的水环境预警模型。结果表明：三合屯预警级别为超重警,阿吉堡为无警,此模型可以较好地用于辽河流域水环境预警与评价。     

Intermodal Rail in Western Europe: Actors and Services in a New Regulatory Environment

ABSTRACT In Western Europe, the rail freight industry is presently being liberalised, and many of the new intermodal services involve cooperation between various actors, including the port authorities, shipping lines, port terminal operators, and logistics providers. These cooperative relations are presently multiplying as the actors seek to position themselves in a partially deregulated rail freight environment. The objective of this paper is to understand the roles played by the different actors and the forms of cooperation that are necessary to mount intermodal rail services. The authors demonstrate that despite being bound by a common policy, a wide range of relationships between the actors has emerged. The new services have the potential to reinvigorate rail freight transport in Europe.     

河南省小麦生产中相关投入的计量经济模型分析

此文采用计量经济多元回归模型对河南省（1978-2008年）小麦生产各投入要素进行回归分析,得出各投入要素与小麦产量的相关性及与各要素之间的相关性,再根据河南省的省情,分析出化肥对小麦产量的影响极大。然而化肥投入过多对小麦生产也存在一定的负面效应,同时对生态环境影响很大,尤其是温室效应的加剧。随着小麦生产中化肥投入的不断增加,残留在土壤中的化肥和植物利用化肥后排到大气中的N2O也越来越多,为了改善小麦生产环境,提出应合理施肥、在化肥施用过程中配合施用有机肥、以及按照合理的比例施肥等措施。针对此问题提出要合理施肥,化肥与有机肥配合使用及按比例施肥等措施。     

Mixed modelling for QTL × environment interaction analysis

Phenotypic data for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping studies are typically generated at multiple environments in order to broaden the inference space. Many aspects of the usually complex design call for a mixed modelling approach taking into account various sources of variation, e.g., incomplete blocks, a spatial error structure, genetic correlations due to the pedigree, and random environmental effects, including QTL × E interaction. Perhaps the most important source of random variation is the genetic correlation across environment, which arises when the same set of lines is tested in each environment. This correlation is likely to be positive, and ignoring it will lead to an increased rate of false positives. In this paper, we present a mixed modelling framework for QTL mapping based on complex data from multiple environments. Our main focus is on an appropriate modelling for the non-QTL part. The methodology will be illustrated using a barley data set from a BC₂F_2:5 advanced backcross trial. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.