豪猪卵巢的解剖及组织结构研究

以豪猪卵巢为研究对象,观察豪猪雌性生殖腺一卵巢的解剖及组织结构,为了解雌性豪猪的生殖生理,为其发情鉴定、催情技术和人工授精等人工繁殖技术研究提供基础理论依据,研究结果表明：豪猪的卵巢外观呈米黄色,左右压扁的椭圆形,其纵径为0．92～1．03cm,横径为0．63～0．72cm,厚为0．33～0．37cm,重量为0．18～0．22g。显微镜下观察卵巢纵剖面上可见3～6个发育的卵泡,整个卵巢体积增大,卵泡至成熟时,卵泡突出于卵巢表面呈半球状。雌性豪猪的性腺没有明显的季节性变化,但在发情周期的不同时期卵巢有不同的变化。     

豪猪雄性生殖器官的解剖研究

了解雄性豪猪的生殖生理,以便为豪猪的人工繁殖技术研究提供基础依据,进而提高豪猪繁殖效率,对雄性豪猪的生殖器官进行了系统解剖研究。结果表明,雄性豪猪的性腺没有明显的季节性变化。雄性豪猪没有阴囊,其睾丸位于腹股沟内;附睾很发达,附睾尾呈圆柱状,并有2.13~2.35 cm的长度游离于睾丸;阴茎前段具有阴茎骨,阴茎骨长2.68~2.90 cm;在阴茎龟头前端的尿生殖道开口处呈花瓣状。其它生殖器官也都具有各自的解剖特征。     

炎热与猪的繁殖机能

一、炎热对母猪繁殖机能的影响 1.卵巢机能猪不发情和受胎率低有明显的季节性变化.Hurtgen(1976)为弄清原因,在7-12月份解剖了92头母猪并检查生殖器官,结果有性周期的猪38头、妊娠猪7头、不发情的47头.不发情的猪卵巢小而光滑无黄体,直径4毫米以下的小卵泡有20-50个,子宫弛缓.Hurtgen和Leman(1978)每月解剖     

狸獭生殖器官解剖观察（二）：—雌性生殖器官

狸獭生殖器官解剖观察（二）──雌性生殖器官潘庆杰，韩行敏，李淑兰，张宏伟（东北农业大学动科系哈尔滨１５００３０）李秀云（哈尔滨动物园）通过对７只成年狸獭雌性生殖系统的一系列细致观察，基本上对其生殖器官有了一个清楚的认识，为母狸的发情鉴定，人工授精以及...     

非繁殖季节山羊诱导发情技术

正山羊属季节性发情动物,但不同地区、不同品种其发情的季节性表现不尽一致。在江淮地区,山羊在夏季处于乏情期,此时母羊的卵巢活动处于相对静止状态,生殖器官处于周期性萎缩时期,应用外源激素处理或采取一定的管理措施等可以激活乏情期母羊的下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴,恢复卵巢机能状态,刺激卵巢上卵泡发育并排卵。利用诱导发情技术可以提高母羊的繁殖效率,并减少母羊的空怀时间。国内外对绵羊的诱导发情研究较多,而对非繁     

发情周期不同阶段KiSS-1和GPR54 mRNA在小尾寒羊卵巢上表达规律的研究

研究发情周期不同阶段KiSS-1和GPR54 mRNA在小尾寒羊卵巢中的表达规律,为从分子水平阐明小尾寒羊多胎性的奠定基础。将12只雌性小尾寒羊随机分为4组,分别处于发情前期、发情期、发情后期和间情期,每组3只,颈动脉放血致死后采集卵巢,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究发情周期不同阶段母羊卵巢上KiSS-1和GPR54基因的表达规律。结果表明:母羊发情周期各阶段卵巢上均有KiSS-1和GPR54基因表达;发情期母羊卵巢KiSS-1基因的表达量显著提高(P<0.01),比发情后期、间情期和发情前期分别提高了1.0、1.7倍和1.4倍,发情周期不同阶段GPR54基因在卵巢上的表达量无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究结果表明,发情期母羊卵巢上KiSS-1基因的表达量极显著高于发情周期其他阶段,提示卵巢上KiSS-1表达可能参与母羊排卵过程的调节。     

圈养条件下狍的繁殖生理特性的研究

选择无结核病、布病等传染病,生长发育正常,无生理缺陷的成年狍(东北亚种)22只(其中,雄性10只,雌性12只),研究了狍的生殖器官季节性变化、性成熟、发情表现和发情规律、妊娠和分娩等繁殖生理规律。     

猪蛔虫(ASCARlS SUUM GOEZE,1782)生殖器官的畸形二例

1962年5月至1963年8月,我们曾多次到南京市肉类联合加工厂宰猪车间采集猪蛔虫标本,并加以解剖,计共约2,500条,发现其中一条雌性虫体的生殖器官是由三组子宫、输卵管、卵巢所组成的。同年七月间,我们在本院内对一头试验猪剖检时,找到二条雌性蛔虫,又发现其中一条虫体的生殖器官仅由单独一组子宫、输卵管、卵巢所组成。     

NKB及其受体NK3R基因在发情周期不同阶段小鼠下丘脑-垂体-卵巢中的表达研究

为了揭示NKB/NK3R调控雌性哺乳动物生殖激素分泌的作用机制,试验将40只6～8周龄雌性小鼠按照发情周期不同阶段分类,处死后采集丘脑、垂体和卵巢组织,提取RNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)方法检测发情周期各阶段小鼠下丘脑、垂体和卵巢中NKB、NK3R基因的相对表达量并进行比较分析。结果表明：在发情前期和发情期,小鼠NKB基因的相对表达量均为垂体最高,卵巢居中,下丘脑最低;在发情后期,小鼠NKB基因的相对表达量为下丘脑最高,垂体居中和卵巢最低;在发情间期,小鼠NKB基因的相对表达量为下丘脑最高,卵巢居中,垂体最低。NK3R基因的相对表达量在发情前期、发情期、发情后期和发情间期的趋势一致,均为下丘脑最高,垂体居中,卵巢最低。各组织中,NK3基因的相对表达量均为发情前期最高,发情期居中,发情后期和发情间期较低。在下丘脑中,发情周期不同阶段NK3R基因的相对表达量差异不大;在垂体和卵巢中,NK3R基因的相对表达量均为发情后期最高,发情间期居中,发情前期和发情期较低。提示NKB/NK3R可能参与了雌性哺乳动物发情周期各阶段生殖激素的合成与分泌。     

雌性羊驼生殖器官解剖构造与繁殖生理特征

本文综述了羊驼卵巢、输卵管，子宫等雌性生殖器官的解剖学结构特点和发情，交配、排卵、黄体形成，妊娠，分娩等繁殖生理学特点。羊驼属季节性繁殖，其雌性生殖器官有自身独特的解剖学特征，发情、交配、排卵，黄体形成，妊娠，分娩等也有其特点，如：交配诱导排卵，妊娠期342-350d，立式分娩，无须人工助产，同时对发情，排卵、黄体和妊娠等繁殖生理现象的鉴定方法进行了叙述。     

Sonoanatomy of female reproductive organ of Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica)

The conventional anatomical study of specimens requires cutting processes which destruct the limited specimens. A non-destructive method, namely an ultrasonography, can be used to assess the anatomical organ information of those specimens. The aim of this research is to analyse the macroanatomy of the female reproductive organ in the Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica), using ultrasonographical imaging. In this study, four formaldehyde-fixed reproductive organ specimens of the Sunda porcupine were used. A 10–12 MHz linear ultrasound transducer was utilized to provide an imaging format of both longitudinal and transversal views. Photographic images were then used as comparison with a sonographic image. The results show that the ultrasound image of the Sunda porcupine reproductive organ soft tissue was hypoechoic, the lumen and antrum follicles were anechoic, while atretic follicles and the mons pubis were hyperechoic. Generally, the size of the organ was not significantly different between photographical and ultrasonographical imaging (p > .05). In conclusion, ultrasound images can be utilized for anatomical studies of the Sunda porcupine reproductive organs without destructing the specimen.     

Adaptations in three species of large mammals (Antidorcas marsupialis,Hystrix africaeaustralis,Hyaena brunnea) to arid environments

Adaptations in the springbok Antidorcas marsupialis, porcupine Hystrix africaeaustralis and brown hyaena Hyaena brunnea to arid environments are discussed. Springbok evolved in the arid west of southern Africa. The proximate factor triggering the onset of oestrus is improved nutrition following rainfall and adaptations have evolved to ensure the success of year-round opportunistic breeding. The porcupine can also breed throughout the year but in the Karoo with its dry cold winters, young are only born in warmer wetter months. Following a gestation period of 93 days and lactation anoestrus lasting 120 days, the female porcupine has evolved a special adaptation whereby she will only conceive during the third to seventh oestrous cycle following the end of lactation. This period may be shortened or lengthened thereby enabling her to adjust to climatic conditions in an unpredictable arid environment. The brown hyaena is well adapted to living along the Namib coastal region where severe extremes in temperature occur and bitterly cold south-west winds sweep along the coastal strip. Long hair and pilo-erection probably assist brown hyaenas in adjusting to these adverse climatic conditions. The spotted hyaena, Crocuta crocuta, does not occur along the coast. Morphological differences between the two species are considered in the light of climatic differences between the coastal and interior desert regions.     

An anatomical study of the internal genital organs of the yak at different ages

Forty-five female yaks of different ages with known reproductive histories were used to determine the anatomical characteristics of their internal genital organs. The results showed that there were several follicles of different sizes present on the surface of each examined ovary, up to a maximum of 13. In each age group, a greater number of follicles < 5 mm was observed in the right than in the left ovary (P < 0.05), while the number of follicles > 5 mm in the right ovary was almost the same as that in the left one. The average sizes and/or weights of the ovary, oviduct and uterus became larger or heavier with increasing age, and significant differences occurred between age groups (P < 0.05). The shapes, locations and other anatomical characteristics of the different internal genital organs are also described.     

Reproductive characteristics in female Swedish moose (Alces alces), with emphasis on puberty,timing of oestrus,and mating

Background

The moose (Alces alces) is an intensively managed keystone species in Fennoscandia. Several aspects of reproduction in moose have not been fully elucidated, including puberty, timing of mating and oestrus, and the length of the oestrus period. These aspects are relevant for an adaptive management of moose with respect to harvest, population size, demography and environmental conditions. Therefore, an investigation of female moose reproduction was conducted during the moose-hunting period in southern Sweden from 2008 to 2011.

Results

A total of 250 reproductive organs and information on carcass weight and age was collected from four different hunting areas (provinces of Öland, Småland, Södermanland, and Västergötland) in southern Sweden. The results showed that puberty in female moose varied with carcass weight, age, and time of season. The period for oestrous/mating lasted from about mid September to the beginning of November.

Conclusions

The oestrus period (predominantly for heifers) is longer than previously reported and was not finished when the hunting period started. Sampling the uterine cervix to detect spermatozoa was a useful method to determine if mating had occurred. To avoid hunting of moose during oestrus, we suggest that the hunting period should be postponed by at least 14 days in southern Sweden.     

Reproduction in the yellow mongoose revisited

Previous reports on female reproduction in yellow mongooses, based on anatomical examination of specimens, concluded that this species is monoestral but with an extended breeding period. Our long-term studies on known females provide clear evidence of the production of two litters annually within a period of 2-4 months, females initiating a new oestrus cycle while still lactating. We present a biological explanation for the adaptive significance of polyoestry in this species based on a unique mode of infant nutrition for viverrids.     

双峰驼精清诱导排卵因子的研究进展

双峰驼具有独特的繁殖生理机能，是季节发情、诱导排卵的动物。文章对双峰驼繁殖特性和卵泡发育及诱导排卵因子的发现、分离和纯化、部分生物学性质等方面的研究进展进行了简要综述。     

薄荷油对雌性小鼠的抗生育作用

为探讨薄荷油对雌性小鼠的抗生育作用,将80只健康的雌性性成熟昆明小鼠随机分成3个试验组和1个对照组,各试验组小鼠分别灌胃含薄荷油0.135,0.270,0.540g/（kg·d）的0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠（sodium carboxymethylcellulose,CMC）混悬液,对照组灌胃0.5%CMC溶液,1周后按雌雄比2∶1合笼,继续对雌鼠灌胃总计19d,剖检灌胃雌鼠,统计雌鼠的怀孕率,采集血清进行血液生化指标检测,并采集脾脏和肾脏,计算其脏器系数。采集卵巢、子宫进行固定,并进行病理学观察。同时进行抗着床、抗早孕、抗中期和抗晚期妊娠试验。结果表明,薄荷油具有明显的抗生育作用,并对妊娠各阶段有显著影响。对脾脏和肾脏无明显副作用,其脏器系数均无统计学意义。病理学观察结果显示,卵泡间质组织毛细血管充血,卵泡细胞发生灶性坏死,可见炎性细胞浸润。子宫肌层、固有层和黏膜层发生不同程度的充血、出血、水肿和炎症,严重者,可见固有层细胞发生坏死。这表明薄荷油对雌性小鼠的抗生育作用主要是通过破坏子宫和卵巢等生殖器官而实现的,其作用机制需进一步研究。