3WXG-300型喷杆式喷雾机苗前化学防除玉米杂草的效果

[目的]引进优质、高效的喷杆式喷雾机。[方法]对3WXG-300型喷杆式喷雾机与农民自制喷杆式喷雾机在喷液量及苗前化学防除玉米杂草的效果进行对比试验。[结果]3WXG-300型喷杆式喷雾机比农民自制喷杆式喷雾机喷液量减少418L/hm^2,作业时间减少7.4min/hm^2,节水59.7%,作业效率提高29.7%;玉米苗前化学除草试验中,其防效也较农民自制喷杆式喷雾机处理效果好。[结论]3WXG-300型喷杆式喷雾机经适当改进后,可用于旱田多种喷雾作业。     

3WZ-300型喷杆式喷雾机玉米苗前化学除草试验

为引进优质、高效的喷杆式喷雾机,对3WZ-300型喷杆式喷雾机与农民自制喷杆式喷雾机在喷液量及玉米苗前化学除草效果方面进行对比试验。结果表明,3WZ-300型喷杆式喷雾机苗前化学除草比农民自制喷杆式喷雾机节水30.4%,作业效率提高33.9%,防效略好。该机经过适当改进后,可以用于旱田多种喷雾作业。     

3WZ-300型喷杆式喷雾机玉米苗后化学除草试验

为引进优质、高效的喷杆式喷雾机,对3WZ-300型喷杆式喷雾机与农民自制喷杆式喷雾机在喷液量及玉米苗后化学除草效果方面进行对比试验。结果表明：3W2—300型喷杆式喷雾机苗后化学除草比农民自制喷杆式喷雾机节水30．4％,作业效率提高33．9％。防效略好。该机经过适当改进后,可以用于旱田多种喷雾作业。     

3W-400型悬挂式喷杆喷雾机玉米田化学除草示范初探

东方红3W-400型悬挂式喷杆喷雾机与农民自制喷雾机玉米田化学除草对比示范表明,使用3W-400型悬挂式啧杆喷雾机玉米田苗前、苗后化学除草较农民自制喷雾机,公顷喷液量减少341～707L,可节水67．5％～80．0％,公顷施药时间减少12．3min,工作效率提高近一倍;用药量减少20％,药效可提高4．7％～5．2％。     

2种喷杆喷雾机在玉米田茎叶除草中的应用效果研究

该文以3WX-280G型自走式高秆作物喷杆喷雾机、3WP-450型高地隙自走式喷杆式喷雾机为研究对象,测试了两种喷雾机在北京玉米田茎叶除草作业中的主要参数和使用效果。结果表明,3WX-280 G型、3WP-450型喷雾机均可提高除草作业效率,分别是背负式喷雾器的9.2倍、15.7倍,但是,两种机型在用于玉米田茎叶除草作业时,需要做相应改进,以充分发挥喷杆喷雾机的作业效率优势。     

农药施用器具的选择

１．大豆、小麦、棉花、甜菜、玉米等作物进行化学除草时，应使用大、中型杆式喷雾机。无论是土壤处理还是叶面喷洒、二次化学除草，都应注意喷幅之间的衔接，防止重喷产生药害和漏喷而失去防治效果。 手动喷雾器喷洒化学除草剂时，宜选择扇形雾喷嘴，三头喷杆作业，可大大提高     

不同施药器械及药剂对玉米田杂草的防除效果研究

通过开展不同施药器械、不同药剂玉米田杂草化除,筛选出高效、安全、实用的玉米田化学除草施药器械,提高农药利用率,减少农药使用量,提高玉米产量,科学指导蒲城县玉米田杂草防除工作。通过实验综合分析,3WSH-500型喷杆式喷雾机玉米田化除效果好于机动喷雾器,对除草剂的利用率高于机动喷雾器;机动喷雾器化除效果好于电动喷雾器,对除草剂的利用率高于电动喷雾器。     

标准施药机械玉米封闭除草减量试验

为发展生态质量效益型农业,提高农产品质量和市场竞争力,通过应用标准施药机械、标准喷头和喷头体,选用当地实际生产常用的除草方法和除草剂种类,进行玉米田土壤封闭除草减量试验。结果表明:应用标准施药机械和农民自制牵引式喷杆喷雾机更换标准喷头、喷头体,可实现除草剂减量10%～20%。     

植保机械使用中应注意什么问题

一、机具的准备①根据防治对象和喷雾作业的要求,正确选择喷雾机(器)的类型、喷头的种类和喷雾机的尺寸。在大田防治病虫害时,选择液力式喷雾机,圆锥喷雾头;除草时应选用喷杆式喷雾机,扇形喷雾头;果树、人行道树应用喷枪、高压、液力喷雾机或风送式喷雾机。②作业前检查机具,机     

规范操作植保机

机具的准备1.根据防治对象和喷雾作业的要求,正确选择喷雾机(器)的类型、喷头的种类和喷雾机的尺寸。在大田防治病虫害时,选择液力式喷雾机、圆锥喷雾头;除草时应选用喷杆式喷雾机、扇形喷雾头;果树、人行道树应用喷枪、高压、液力喷雾机或风送式喷雾机。2.作业前检查机具,机具     

不同植保机械施药对水稻病虫防治效果的研究

对自走式喷杆喷雾机、多旋翼植保飞行器、背负式机动弥雾机3种不同植保机械施药的作业效果及水稻病虫防治效果进行比较。结果表明,自走式喷杆喷雾机与植保飞行器工效远高于背负式机动弥雾机,是背负式机动弥雾机的6.7~10.0倍。且自走式喷杆喷雾机用工成本较低,每公顷24元,植保飞行器用工成本每公顷36元,是背负式机动弥雾机的1/5~1/3。多旋翼植保机飞行器喷药速度比自走式喷杆喷雾机快,但电池充电耗时较长。自走式喷杆喷雾机喷幅宽,喷雾均匀、用水量足,与多旋翼植保飞行器均适用于大面积推广,值得应用。多旋翼植保飞行器对水稻病害的防治效果较差,其用水量与病害控制效果有一定的关系,建议加大用水量或添加沉降剂使用。     

适宜玉米化控剂喷施的植保机具选型研究

[目的]玉米抗倒伏化控剂喷施缺少适宜机具,拟通过开展植保机具选型试验,筛选适宜化控剂喷施作业的机型。[方法]采用大田试验与实验室检测相结合的方法,检测约翰迪尔4630型、3W-500型和3WBD-16型3种植保机型开展化控作业的适应性。[结果]4630型喷杆喷雾机配套防飘扇形雾喷头作业其雾滴粒径较大,雾滴沉积密度低,且多分布在下部叶片,不利于叶片吸收,化控效果较差,且植株损伤率最高;3WBD-16型背负式电动喷雾器配套圆锥雾喷头作业喷雾均匀性最低,化控作业后效果不均匀,田间整齐度低,作业成本最高;3W-500型东方红悬挂式喷杆喷雾机配套标准扇形雾喷头作业质量和作业效率优于背负式电动喷雾器,作业后化控效果显著优于约翰迪尔4630型喷杆喷雾机,且作业成本最低。[结论]3W-500型东方红悬挂式喷杆喷雾机适宜在京郊地区玉米化控作业中应用。     

不同植保机械喷雾雾滴沉积分布对小麦病害的防治效果

通过比较自走式喷杆喷雾机、无人植保飞行器、背负式弥雾机3种植保机械喷雾在小麦上的农药雾滴沉积分布,分析其对小麦病害防治效果的影响。结果表明,自走式喷杆喷雾机雾滴沉积密度和雾滴覆盖率都较高,是植保飞行器的8~10倍,自走式喷杆喷雾机雾滴沉积密度为136.19~167.53个/cm~2,雾滴覆盖率为12.96%~28.13%,雾滴覆盖率上部与中部高于下部叶片。对小麦病害防治效果较好,小麦纹枯病病指防效达61.60%,赤霉病防效达71.43%,白粉病防效达78.02%。植保飞行器喷雾在小麦上、中、下部位的雾滴沉积密度分别为14.28、13.15、18.42个/cm~2,雾滴覆盖率分别为2.45%、2.08%、1.46%,植保飞行器喷雾在小麦上、中、下部雾滴分布均匀。植保飞行器喷雾对小麦病害防效较好,纹枯病病指防效达63.26%~75.20%,赤霉病病指防效达85.71%,白粉病病指防效达70.33%。背负式弥雾机喷雾在小麦上的雾滴沉积密度为81.21~147.12个/cm~2,雾滴覆盖率为7.26%~28.76%,总体表现为上部中部下部,且差异性显著。     

9种植保机械防治小麦穗蚜的农药沉积率与效果比较

为研究常用植保机械对农作物病虫防治的应用效果,采用雾滴沉积分布、粒径大小检测和田间调查等方法,对9种常用植保机械防治小麦穗蚜的农药沉积率和效果进行测定。结果表明:电动喷雾器、机动弥雾机和自走式喷杆喷雾机沉积率较高,达到51.4%~63.7%;单旋翼无人机和地面喷雾机械防治效果达到80%以上,优于其他低空低量植保机械;在专业化统防统治作业中,自走式喷杆喷雾机适宜大面积推广使用;低空低量喷雾防漂移技术、专用助剂、农药剂型等需加大研发力度。     

Estimating off-rate pesticide application errors resulting from agricultural sprayer turning movements

Pesticide application is an essential practice on many U.S. crop farms. Off-rate pesticide application errors may result from velocity differential across the spray boom while turning, pressure fluctuations across the spray boom, or changes in boom-to-canopy height due to undulating terrain. The sprayer path co-ordinates and the status (on or off) of each boom control section were recorded using the sprayer control console which provided map-based automatic boom section control. These data were collected for ten fields of varying shapes and sizes located in central Kentucky. In order to estimate potential errors resulting from sprayer turning movements, a method was developed to compare the differences in application areas between spray boom control sections. The area covered by the center boom control section was considered the “target rate area” and the difference in these areas and the areas covered by remaining control sections were compared to estimate application rate errors. The results of this analysis conducted with sprayer application files collected from ten fields, many containing impassable grassed waterways, indicated that a substantial portion of the fields (6.5–23.8%) could have received application in error by more than ±10% of the target rate. Off-rate application errors exceeding ±10% of the target rate for the study fields tended to increase as the average turning angles increased. The implication of this is that producers may be unintentionally applying at off-label rates in fields of varying shapes and sizes where turning movements are required.     

寒温带云冷杉林次生演替成亚高山草甸人工更新技术的研究

张广才岭上部寒温地带生长的原始云冷杉林，经采伐后迹地次生演替成为亚高山禾草草甸。本研究应用新技术５ＺＰ－１０型化学灭草专用喷雾器，在草地喷洒灭生性除草剂进行整地和抚育幼林，其结果：灭草效果在９５％以上；抚育后的云杉幼林年平均高生产量是人工刀抚２８２％，落叶松是人工刀抚１９２％；幼林保存率由１０％提高到８０％以上，并使草甸化的迹地；恢复云冷杉林的时间大大缩短，为草甸化迹地天然和人工更新提供了有效途径     

RTDrift: A real time model for estimating spray drift from ground applications

A spray drift model called RTDrift was developed to estimate drift caused by ground sprayer machines. The sprayer was equipped with sensors measuring operational parameters namely spray pressure, boom height and movements, and geolocalisation. Climatic parameters, including wind speed and direction, were measured using a 2-D ultrasonic anemometer mounted on the sprayer. The nozzles spray drop size spectra were characterised using Phase Doppler Interferometer measurements. At every successive boom position, a diffusion-advection Gaussian tilted plume model computed the spray drift deposits for each drop class taking into account evaporation. The contribution of a single nozzle was calculated by integration of the individual puffs with respect to time and summation of the contributions of individual drops classes. The overall drift generated by the sprayer machine was obtained adding the contributions of all the nozzles. Field trials were performed on a fallow field with water and on crops with pesticides in various wind conditions. The ground drift was measured at different drift distances using fluorometric methods. When comparing the results of the model with experimental measurements of deposits, the model produced realistic maps of drift deposits. Some further improvement is needed in the presence of large scale eddies. The model offers potential benefits for the farmer as a real time drift estimator embedded on a sprayer machine.