不同植保机械喷雾雾滴沉积分布对小麦病害的防治效果

通过比较自走式喷杆喷雾机、无人植保飞行器、背负式弥雾机3种植保机械喷雾在小麦上的农药雾滴沉积分布,分析其对小麦病害防治效果的影响。结果表明,自走式喷杆喷雾机雾滴沉积密度和雾滴覆盖率都较高,是植保飞行器的8~10倍,自走式喷杆喷雾机雾滴沉积密度为136.19~167.53个/cm~2,雾滴覆盖率为12.96%~28.13%,雾滴覆盖率上部与中部高于下部叶片。对小麦病害防治效果较好,小麦纹枯病病指防效达61.60%,赤霉病防效达71.43%,白粉病防效达78.02%。植保飞行器喷雾在小麦上、中、下部位的雾滴沉积密度分别为14.28、13.15、18.42个/cm~2,雾滴覆盖率分别为2.45%、2.08%、1.46%,植保飞行器喷雾在小麦上、中、下部雾滴分布均匀。植保飞行器喷雾对小麦病害防效较好,纹枯病病指防效达63.26%~75.20%,赤霉病病指防效达85.71%,白粉病病指防效达70.33%。背负式弥雾机喷雾在小麦上的雾滴沉积密度为81.21~147.12个/cm~2,雾滴覆盖率为7.26%~28.76%,总体表现为上部中部下部,且差异性显著。

Control Effect of Spray Droplets Deposition Distribution of Different Plant Protection Machinery on Wheat Diseases

Through comparative of the pesticide droplets deposit deposition of three kinds of spray equipments (self-propelled spray boom sprayer,eppo aircraft and knapsack power mistduster),the effects of different kinds of spray equipments in con-trolling wheat disease were analyzed. The results indicated that the droplets deposition density and droplets coverage of self-propelled spray boom sprayer was 136.19~167.53/cm2 and droplets coverage was 12.96%~28.13%,which generally higher 8~10 times than that of eppo aircraft. Droplets coverage on the upper and middle parts leaves were higher than that on the lower part leaves. This spray equipment had better control efficacy in controlling wheat disease which had 61.60% control effect for wheat sheath blight disease,71.43% control effect for wheat scab and 78.02% control effect for wheat powdery mildew. The droplets deposition density and of eppo aircraft was 14.28,13.15,18.42/cm2,and droplets coverage was 2.45%,2.08%,1.46%respectively in upper,middle and lower part of wheat plant. The spray deposition of eppo aircraft was uniform in different parts of wheat plant and had better control efficacy in controlling wheat disease which had 63.26%~75.20% control effect for wheat sharp eyespot,85.71% control effect for wheat scab and 70.33% control effect for wheat powdery mildew. The droplets deposition density and droplets coverage of self-propelled spray boom sprayer was 81.21~147.12/cm2 and droplets coverage was 7.26%~28.76%,which aggregate performance had significant difference upper part>middle part>lower part.