共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
浙江省水稻二化螟抗药性现状与治理对策 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
二化螟是浙江省水稻的主要害虫。由于连续使用杀虫双超过20a,三唑磷10a防治二化螟,致使二化螟对杀虫单(杀虫双)普遍产生抗药性。1999年测定抗性增加67~587倍,达到高抗和极高抗水平;二化螟对三唑磷在温州和台州等局部地区也达到了68~162倍的高抗水平。为治理二化螟抗药性,必须加强对害虫抗药性的监测,在高抗药性地区停止使用杀虫单(杀虫双)和三唑磷防治二化螟;在低抗药性和敏感地区也应减少使用次数和用量,达到延缓抗药性产生的目的。 相似文献
7.
棉蚜、棉铃虫、棉红铃虫是棉田上最重要的害虫 ,长期以来主要依靠化学农药进行防治。由于大量连续单一使用农药 ,致使害虫对多种农药产生了抗药性 ,一些高效农药的防治效果大大降低 ,在有些高抗地区 ,部分农药甚至完全失去了防治作用。因此 ,棉花害虫抗药性的治理显得尤为重要 ,这就要求我们要加大综合防治的力度 ,注重科学用药 ,通过实施轮换、交替、混合、用药及加增效剂等措施 ,达到降低棉田抗性害虫数量 ,延缓害虫抗药性发生的目的。1 运用栽培措施压低虫源基数随着棉花栽培制度的变革和栽培技术的提高 ,运用农事操作达到压低虫口基数 … 相似文献
8.
9.
害虫抗药性的综合治理对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1 害虫抗药性产生的危害害虫的抗药性是害虫对杀死正常种群大部分个体药量所具有的忍受能力 ,并且在种群中逐渐发展的现象。它的内涵包括以下五个方面 :一是它是对群体而言的 ;二是害虫针对某种特定的药剂而作出的反应 ;三是药剂选择的结果 ;四是能够在群体中遗传下去 ;五是相对于敏感种群或正常种群而言 ,抗性的大小是经药剂选择变化的新种群与敏感种群的LD50之此确定的。由于害虫抗药性的产生 ,使得害虫防治更加困难 ,而农民通常采取加大用药量和增加防治次数 ,期望能控制害虫 ,尽管暂时的防治效果比以前提高了 ,但也给人类带来了日益突… 相似文献
10.
安克力蚜灭多防治花椒蚜虫试验马洪兵(山东省林业学校泰安271000)花椒是鲁中山区重要经济林木,花椒蚜虫(Aphisgossypiiglover)是花椒生长前期的主要害虫,当地群众多用乐果、1605等农药防治。害虫抗药性严重,为找出防治花椒蚜虫的高效... 相似文献
11.
棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover是农业生产上最重要的害虫之一。化学杀虫剂一直以来都是棉蚜综合防治体系中的重要组成部分, 但化学杀虫剂的不合理使用导致棉蚜对多种杀虫剂均产生了高水平抗性。现有研究表明, 靶标位点突变、解毒酶基因的过表达以及某些肠道共生菌丰度的变化是导致棉蚜对杀虫剂产生抗性的主要机制。针对棉蚜抗性发展现状及其抗药性机制, 制定科学合理的抗性治理策略, 是充分发挥化学防治的优势、实现棉蚜可持续治理的关键。本文主要从棉蚜的抗药性现状、抗性机制和抗性治理策略3个方面对近10多年的主要进展进行了综述, 旨在为棉蚜抗药性长效治理和科学施策提供理论依据。 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
15.
蚜虫是农业生产上的重大害虫,不仅通过取食韧皮部直接为害植物,还会传播很多植物病毒病,严重影响农作物产量和品质。目前防治蚜虫仍以化学农药为主,然而生物防治作为绿色环保、可持续的防治策略在这几十年中也得到了长足发展。该文对我国近60年关于主要农作物蚜虫生物防治的研究进展进行概述,包括主要农作物蚜虫的天敌资源(主要寄生性天敌196种,主要捕食性天敌16种,主要病原微生物6种)、蚜虫主要天敌生物学和生态学研究、人工扩繁及应用技术及植物抗蚜机制和抗蚜种质资源挖掘,并对目前蚜虫生物防治中存在的问题及未来的研究方向进行展望,以期为蚜虫生物防治技术的发展和推广应用提供参考。 相似文献
17.
18.
Of the 23 species of agricultural pest known to resist insecticides in China, 4 are cotton pests, 4 rice pests and 5 are pests of brassicae. In the green rice leafhopper, malathion resistance is caused by increased carboxylesterase (CarE) activity, which plays a more important role in the resistance to dimethoate than the mixed-function oxidases (mfos). The in-vitro and in-vivo results are in agreement with studies of synergism of malathion and dimethoate by TPP and EBP. These synergists delay the development of resistance, and EBP when added to malathion has limited the development of resistance to malathion in the green rice leafhopper. In the cotton aphid, resistance to organophosphates involves several factors: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) insensitivity, high CarE activity, slight (× 2) increase in glutathione S-transferases (GSH-ases), mfo activity as well as reduced penetration. In vitro, the I50 of the insensitive AChE is × 14 that of S aphids, and anaphthyl-acetate CarE hydrolysing activity is 70 times greater in R than in S aphids. Insecticide mixtures, alternation or rotation can delay build-up of resistance; resistance to malathion and trichlorfon was delayed in Culex pipiens pallens when the two insecticides were used together. Used singly each insecticide selected for high resistance within 25 generations. Mosaic rotation of dimethoate and fenvalerate delayed the onset of insecticide resistance in Lipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae. 相似文献
19.
北疆地区棉蚜对不同杀虫剂敏感度水平测定 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了解北疆不同地区棉蚜种群对不同类型杀虫剂的敏感度水平,科学指导北疆地区棉蚜的化学防治,利用FAO推荐的叶片浸渍法(1980)测定北疆地区4个棉蚜田间种群对4类杀虫剂的敏感性.结果表明,新农大种群对杀虫剂的敏感水平最高,不同类型杀虫剂的毒力大小顺序为:新烟碱类>有机磷类>抗生素类>拟除虫菊酯类.安宁渠种群较石河子种群更为敏感.石河子垦区内的两个不同种群对菊酯类处于相对敏感状态;对有机磷类产生了明显抗药性,147团种群对辛硫磷的相对抗性倍数为951.8倍,新湖农场种群更达到了1236.9倍;147团种群和新湖种群对啶虫脒亦产生了明显的抗药性,相对抗性倍数分别为134.4倍和270.0倍,但对吡虫啉的敏感度较高.石河子垦区应限制使用新烟碱类的啶虫脒和有机磷类杀虫剂,以减缓棉蚜抗性的发展. 相似文献
20.
Ron F van Toor Gaynor L Malloch Eric A Anderson Greg Dawson Brian Fenton 《Pest management science》2013,69(1):93-103
BACKGROUND: The accuracy of predicting the survival of insecticide‐resistant aphids following the application of commonly used insecticides from the carbamate, the pyrethroid, a mix of the two or the neonicotinoid chemical classes was evaluated in a potato field in Scotland. Equal proportions of five genotypes of the peach‐potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), with none, resistance to dimethyl‐carbamates, resistance to pyrethroids or combinations conferring resistance to both chemical classes were released into potato field plots. The insecticides were sprayed separately onto these plots, the aphid populations were analysed after 6–8 days and the process repeated. RESULTS: For each assessment after the three separate spray events, plots treated with the carbamate had 48, 147 and 28%, those treated with pyrethroid 53, 210 and 89%, those treated with carbamate/pyrethroid 28, 108 and 64% and those treated with neonicotinoid 43, 55 and 11% of the numbers of M. persicae by comparison with untreated controls. Only the proportions of surviving aphids from the genotype containing no insecticide resistance traits and the genotype containing elevated carboxylesterases matched ratios predicted from the selective advantage afforded by the resistance traits alone. Survival of aphids from the other three genotypes that carried 1–3 of the insecticide resistance traits differed from expectations in all cases, possibly owing to physiological differences, including their vulnerability to predators and hymenopterous parasitoids present at the site and/or their carrying unknown insecticide resistance mechanisms. CONCLUSION: Control strategies based on knowledge of the genetically determined insecticide resistance profile of an M. persicae population alone are insufficient. Hence, other important factors contributing to aphid survival under insecticide pressure need to be considered. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献