芝麻人工构建雄性不育基因的转化研究初报

用基因枪将人工构建的植物雄性不育基因ＴＡ２９－Ｂａｒｎａｓｅ及其标记基因ｂａｒ导入芝麻豫芝４号的离体子叶，在ＭＳ＋５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１６－ＢＡ＋１ｍｇ·Ｌ－１ＩＡＡ＋１ｍｇ·Ｌ－１ＡＢＡ＋５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１ＡｇＮＯ３的培养基上交培养１２天，转入光、暗光替培养，诱导出不定芽。经添加２ｍｇ·Ｌ－１除草剂（ＢＡＳＴＡ）的上述培养基筛选，获得了１１个ＢＡＳＴＡ抗性株系，对其中３个株系进行Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交鉴定分析，证实其中２个为转基因株系，转化率为１．４６％     

棉花无菌苗对转化因素的影响

棉花无菌苗的制备和选择是农杆菌介导法转化中的先决条件之一，适宜的无菌苗龄和下胚轴部位是否能促进转化作用，提高转化效果，本文就此进行了研究和探讨。１材料和方法１．１材料 棉花品种为冀合３２１。外源基因为中国科学院遗传所提供的三价抗虫基因（ ＢＴ＋ ＣＰＴＩ＋ＧＮＡ）。１．２方法 农杆菌介导法将外源三价抗虫基因导入棉花中，种苗培养基为１／２ＭＳ＋琼脂６． ０％ｐＨ５．８用常规法种无菌苗，其它转化方法同常规法。无菌苗龄的制备。隔天播种棉花无菌苗，连续播种 １０ｄ：２ｄ、３ｄ、４ｄ、５ｄ、６ｄ、１０ｄ。 下胚…     

含6X小黑麦血缘的抗病小麦新材料的种子储藏蛋白分析

６Ｘ小黑麦品种Ｖｅｎｕｓ和２个普通小麦品种杂交回交,选育出ＮＲ９８４９等８个系群９４个系,其中大部份抗条锈病或（和）白粉病。应用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电脉（ＡＰＡＧＥ）分析了ＮＲ９８４９等系群的６４个株及其亲本Ｖｅｎｕｓ、小偃６号和川育１２号的醇溶蛋白,结果表明,５０．００％的株系具有１ＲＳ／１ＢＬ所特有的Ｇ１ｄ１Ｂ３位点,２０．３１％的株系在Ｇｌｉ－２位点发生了普通小麦与６Ｘ小黑麦遗传物质重组;６４个株系中出现了１种亲本类型,３种重组类型和３种突变重组类型,突变率１５．６２％。ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ）指出,大多数株系Ｇｌｕ－１位点与普通小麦亲本相同,即由Ｇｌｕ－Ａ１编码的亚基１,Ｇｌｕ－Ｂ１编码的亚基７＋８、１４＋１５,Ｇｌｕ－Ｄ１编码的亚基５＋１０、２＋１２。文中还讨论了６Ｘ小黑麦向普通小     

观赏羽衣甘蓝的离体繁殖

以花蕾为外植体，离体繁殖羽衣甘蓝８个杂各一代材料。培养基为（ｍｇ／Ｌ）：ＭＳ＋ＢＡ１－２＋ＮＡＡ０．１－０．２＋ＩＡＡ０．５＋（或不加）ＧＡ３０．３＋３％蔗糖。平均１８％－６７％的接咎花蕾产生不定芽；药有３０％的不定芽发育成完整植物。培养物的严重褐化和再生植物的普遍玻璃质化是影响植株成活的主要因素。培养基中加入活性炭和青霉素，并给以强光照射，可提高植株成活率。     

提高冬小麦花粉试管苗H1穗系产率的新方法

将２－３片真叶的花培无根苗转入ＭＳ＋ＭＥＴ３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＫＴ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋蔗糖８％的壮苗培养基，４个月后和不加ＭＥＴ的相比植株变矮，分蘖和根系增多，每管苗平均栽１．５５丛。秋季，法大气温度（日均温）回升到２－３℃时，揭去塑料膜，自然加倍的植株单株成穗９．１个，结实２４９．７粒，穗粒数２７．４粒，分别是温室自然加倍的３．３７，６．０５和１．８６倍。田间自然加倍和人工加倍相结     

普通野生稻的抗水稻白叶枯病（Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae）新基因Xa—23

经抗谱评价、抗性类型比较、遗传分析鉴定出一个来自普通野生的抗白叶枯病新基因ＸＡ－２５（暂名）。结果表明它是迄今已知基因中抗谱最广，抗性导入效应很强的一个完全显性的全生育期抗性基因，用携有新基因Ｘａ－２３的一对近等基因系（ＪＧ３０＾６∥Ｘａ－２３＾（ｔ））构建Ｆ２群体中选出１６０个单株用ＳＳＲ（微卫星）标记进行基因定位，初步将该基因定位于水稻第１１染色体ＳＳＲ标记ＯＳＲ０６和ＲＭ２２４附近，图距分别为５．３ｃＭ和２７．７ｃＭ。     

苎麻悬浮细胞原生质体培养再生植株

苎麻品种浏阳大叶绿的子叶在含有２，４－Ｄ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＫＴ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳＢ固体培养基上，形成愈伤组织。愈伤组织经３￣４次继代培养后作液体振荡培养，产生悬浮细胞系。从悬浮系分离的原生质体，只有以海藻酸钠包埋方式培养在ＫＭ８Ｐ培养基中，５０天左右才能形成肉眼可见的小愈伤组织。该愈伤组织在附加２，４－Ｄ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ、６－ＢＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳＢ生长培养基上增殖，然后转入附加６－ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ     

日本普通小麦品种萨达姆27染色体易位的鉴定

日本普通小麦品种萨达姆２７,因为它含有特殊的半矮杆基因,对小麦育种具有重要的应用价值,用中国春双具端二价体杂种,验明了萨达姆２７两个独立的相互易位,一个可能是减数分裂时,Ｔ３ＡＳ·７ＡＳ和３ＡＬ·７ＡＬ引起单价染色体的断裂合成,从而形成３Ａ和７Ａ之间的着丝点易位,另一个是Ｂ染色体组中,除１Ｂ、２Ｂ和５Ｂ外的其它染色体和Ａ之间小片段的易位,因此,这些易位对萨达姆２７中的半矮杆基因导入其它小麦中是所必     

水稻雄性不育及其育性恢复表达载体的构建

将ＰＣＲ扩增获得的水稻花药绒毡层特异表达基因Ｏｓｇ６Ｂ启动子（简写成６Ｂ）与来自质粒ｐＲＯＫⅡ上的ＮＯＳ终止子相连,产生了ｐＧＥＭ７Ｚ－６ＢＮＯＳ。然后将来自解淀粉芽孢杆菌中的Ｂａｒｎａｓｅ和Ｂａｒｓｔａｒ基因（简写成ＢＮ和ＢＳ）分别插入到ｐＧＥＭ７Ｚ－６ＢＮＯＳ上的ＢａｍＨ１和ＮｃｏＩ位点上,再用ＳａｌＩ和ＸｈｏＩ切下２．３ｋｂ的６ＢＢＮＮＯＳ和２．２ｋｂ的６ＢＢＳＮＯＳ片段,并分别将其插入到ｐ     

大蒜发芽叶培养体细胞胚发生

将大蒜发芽叶培养于ＭＳ（１／２ＮＨ４ＮＯ３＿＋２，４－Ｄ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＫＴ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ上，形成愈伤组织。愈伤组织继代后，转移到ＭＳ（ＫＮＯ３２５２５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４１６５０ｍｇ／Ｌ，无ＮＨ４ＮＯ３）＋ＫＴ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋６－ＢＡ４ｍｇ／Ｌ＋Ａｄｅｎｉｎｅ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＡＡ０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ培养基上，２５天后，形成体细胞胚并能再生植株。其中，胚状体发生的必要条件是ＮＯ３／ＮＨ＾＋４＞１，ＫＴ／     

Cytology of Phleum sp. affin. P. montanum C. Koch

Diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid plants occurred in foreign plant introductions of P. sp. affin. P. montanum from Turkey and Iran. Within-progeny variations in polyploid levels indicate that divergent races occurred as interspersed but natural populations. One to six B-chromosomes of varying sizes in addition to the normal chromosome complement were present in some plants. Their behaviours appeared essentially similar to those recorded for other species. Certain of the plants examined exhibited cytological features similar to those observed in known hybrids. These included prophase pycnosis, stickiness, split metaphase I plates, unoriented chromosomes at M-1, and low levels of pollen stainability. These features were absent in microsporocytes of other plants. Low open-pollination seed set characterized all plants examined. This may be due to hybridity or possibly to response to ecological conditions of the new environment.Results of co-operative work of the Crops Research Division, A.R.S., U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, Madison, Wisconsin.Former Graduate Student, Department of Agronomy, Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, and Geneticist, Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.     

金铁锁总皂苷提取工艺研究

采用正交设计,以齐墩果酸为对照品,采用5%香草醛冰醋酸-高氯酸显色剂,以总皂苷提取率为指标来确定金铁锁的最佳提取工艺。结果表明,最佳提取工艺如下：提取温度为70℃、乙醇浓度为80%、提取时间90 min、料液比1:8,该方法成本低、结果稳定、重复性好。     

Avena fatua L. subsp. fatua v. glabrata Peterm. subv. pseudo-basifixa Thell. as a source of crown rust resistance genes

Summary An accession of Avena fatua L. subsp. fatua v. glabrata Peterm. subv. pseudo-basifixa Thell. (A. fatua L. CS Sel. No. 1), collected in Czechoslovakia in 1971, was found to be resistant to a wide range of crown rust races. Analyses of crosses of this oat with cvs. Weikuss, Leanda, Mona, Rodney A, Rodney B, Rodney M, Dodge and K 316 indicated that the resistance of A. fatua CS Sel. No. 1 is conditioned by one recessive gene which is in interaction with one partially dominant gene with additive effect. The expression of rust reaction was affected by temperature. The crown rust resistance genes of A. fatua L. CS Sel. No. 1 were non-allelic with stem rust resistance genes Pg-2 (A) and Pg-4(B).     

U.S. Economic Growth vs. Environmental Conditions

A widely-held belief is that stricter environmental regulations stifle economic growth. To determine empirically the effect of environmental conditions and policies on state-level per capita income growth, a Barro-type economic growth model was estimated for the years 1982 to 1991, which correspond to two consecutive troughs in the business cycle. States with better environmental conditions had significantly higher income growth rates during this period. At the same time, stricter environmental policies did not significantly depress income growth. Data used include recently developed, consistent measures of environmental policy and quality for individual states, as well as data from the 1980 U.S. Census and Bureau of Economic Analysis.