中药添加剂对生长猪肠道菌群与生产性能的影响

本试验以杜仲叶、山楂、黄芪等多味中草药研制的添加剂对生长猪进行饲喂试验,观察其对猪肠道菌群和生产性能的影响。试验结果:中药1、2、3试验组猪肠道中乳酸菌和双歧杆菌均比对照组明显增高(P<0.05),而大肠杆菌和肠球菌指数以及腹泻发生率则明显降低;日增重分别比对照组提高9.2%、5.5%和13.32%;料重比分别降低9.8%、6.64%和15.03%,尤以中药3组为优,差异显著(P<0.05)。试验结果表明:本项目研究的中草药饲料添加剂无论是常规粉剂或提取物制剂,均能促进仔猪肠道中有益菌的增殖并提高生产性能。     

中药复方添加剂的筛选

目前,国内外饲料添加剂生产发展很快,种类繁多,但把天然中草药,尤其是中药复方作为畜禽饲料添加剂的报道还很少。我国中草药资源丰富,为了积极开发和利用我国的天然资源,使其造福于人类,我们于1982年进行了“中药复方8213对鸡影响”的试验,初步取得了可喜的成绩,1983—1986年又先后对七个中草药复方进行了筛选试验,筛选出两种效果较为满意的中药复方添加剂。现将筛选试验情况报道如下。     

我国中药添加剂研究应用现状与展望

我国自古就有中药拌入饲料治病的记载。到目前为止，中药总数已达 1.28万种，是世界上中草药应用最广泛，药源最丰富的国家。据报道我国有 5000多种中药资源可以开发利用而且成本低廉，作用广泛；既含有营养物质，又能防病治病，毒副作用小，无耐药性和残留，是一种应用前景广阔的天然优质畜禽鱼虾饲料添加剂。 1中药添加剂的性能 　　现代科学试验证明，中药添加剂含有多种氨基酸、维生素、微量元素等物质，能增进机体新陈代谢，促进蛋白质和酶的合成，从而促进生长，提高繁殖力和生产性能，防治疾病，提高饲料报酬。 2中药添加剂的独有…     

中药饲料添加剂对仔猪生长性能的影响

中药饲料添加剂由红芪、绞股蓝、陈皮等成分组成.试验动物为30日龄杜长大杂交断奶仔猪80头,平均分成4个组,基础日粮相同.第1组的猪在每吨饲料中加中药添加剂700g,第2组的猪在每吨饲料中加中药添加剂500g,第3组的猪在每吨饲料中加中药添加剂300g,第4组猪的饲料不加中药添加剂为对照组,试验40d,第2组的猪日增重5...     

中草药饲料添加剂饲喂肥育猪的试验（第二报）

本文报道的是应用中草药饲料添加剂对生长、肥育期间的二元杂交猪进行的饲喂试验。试验设3个组:复合添加剂(包括动物药、矿物药和植物药)组和纯植物药添加剂组以及对照组。结果表明,混合添加剂能使二元杂交猪日增重达629.3克,比对照组的552.4克提高了13.92％,饲料报酬比对照组提高了8.7％。植物药组日增重达588.5克,比对照的552.4克提高了13.92％,饲料报酬提高了6.0％。说明中草药添加剂对促进猪的生长和肥育具有明显的作用。     

中草药添加剂在养猪生产中的应用(综述)

中草药添加剂是一种新型绿色的饲料添加剂，它具有增强猪免疫力、抗病防病、促进猪生长、抗应激、改善肥育猪胴体品质等作用。此文综述了近几年来中草药添加剂在养猪生产中应用的研究成果。     

中草药添加剂对生长育肥猪血液生理生化指标的影响

本试验通过以杜仲叶、山楂、黄芪等多味中草药经过醇浸水提而制成的猪用多功能添加剂,对生长育肥猪进行饲喂试验,观察中草药添加剂对不同阶段猪的血液生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:中草药添加剂能显著提高不同阶段血液CHO含量(P<0.05)和ALP活性(P<0.05),对仔猪阶段的GLO含量有显著影响(P<0.05);对TP,ALB,HB,RBC的含量以及GPT,GOT活性无显著影响(P>0.05);因此,中草药添加剂对生长育肥猪有促生长作用,并能够提高仔猪免疫力和生长育肥猪的胴体瘦肉率,是一种安全无公害的饲料添加剂。     

指纹图谱分析技术应用于中药添加剂质量控制的方法与展望

我国将中药应用于养殖业中，作为防病治病，促进生长的饲料添加剂已有近二十年历史，并取得了很好的效果，但对中草药添加剂的质量控制一直是薄弱环节。本文介绍了近年来在人用中药质量控制中迅速发展的中药指纹分析技术，并对将其应用于中草药饲料添加剂的质量控制的可能性及今后的发展前景作了初步分析。     

复方中草药免疫增强剂对断奶仔猪T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

T淋巴细胞亚群CD3、CD4、CD8在免疫调节中起重要的作用，是医学上判别免疫缺陷的重要参数，国内采用中药对断奶仔猪T淋巴细胞亚群的影响未见报道，本试验旨在以断奶仔猪为研究对象，通过在断奶仔猪日粮中添加中草药，采用酸性α-醋酸萘酯染色法（ANAE法）测定T淋巴细胞转化的情况和用流式细胞仪检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的含量以探讨中草药对断奶仔猪免疫功能的变化情况，为精制中草药饲料添加剂的临床推广应用提供科学依据。     

猪用中草药饲料添加剂研制成功

重庆市养猪研究院研制成功猪用中草药新型饲料添加剂,日前通过了市科委组织的技术鉴定。专家组认为,该猪用中草药饲料添加剂不仅具有较好的防病、治病功效,还具有很好的促进生长作用。这标志着低毒副作用、低残留的中草药,可望取代目前广泛应用的激素和抗生素类药物。据悉,该中草药饲料添加剂不仅具有提高猪的酶活性、促进动物消化、增强免疫能力等多种功能,还能促进猪儿快速生长发育,减少饲料消耗5%~10%,降低饲养成本10%~30%。猪用中草药饲料添加剂研制成功     

Qualitative Comparison of 0.27T, 1.5T,and 3T Magnetic Resonance Images of the Normal Equine Foot

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has become an important diagnostic tool in the investigation of foot pain in horses. The aim of this study was to qualitatively compare ex-vivo MR images of the same equine feet obtained at three magnetic field strengths: 0.27, 1.5, and 3 tesla (T). Ten cadaver feet were used. All feet were imaged with two high-field systems (3T, 1.5T) and with a low-field (LF) system at 0.27 T designed for standing horses. Images were acquired using similar pulse sequences in all 3 MR units. MR images were subjectively evaluated by three independent experienced image analysts for image quality and clarity of visualization of individual anatomical structures using a four-point grading scale. The images from all of the examinations were considered to be of diagnostic value except for the hoof capsule where substantial artifacts were present in LF images with distortion and loss of signal at the dorsal/distal aspect of the hoof capsule in LF images. Anatomical structure scoring values of images obtained at 3T and 1.5T were significantly greater than scores of images obtained at 0.27T. Scores for images obtained at 3T were significantly higher than those for images obtained at 1.5T. Mean score differences between 1.5T and 3T were higher for cartilage of the distal interphalangeal joint and for the ungular cartilages.     

The effects of stress on gastric ulceration, T3, T4, reverse T3 and cortisol in neonatal foals.

Sixteen neonatal foals stressed by disease underwent endoscopic examination of their stomachs and blood was assayed for triiodothyronine (T3), reverse T3 (rT3), thyroxine (T4) and cortisol, to determine the effects of severe physiological stress and the occurrence of gastric ulcers. compared with eight age-matched controls, six foals had abnormal cortisol, seven had abnormal T3 and 12 had abnormal T4. Eleven of 13 foals had rT3 outside the 95 per cent confidence interval for clinically normal foals of comparable ages. Gastric lesions were seen more frequently in stressed foals, and gastric glandular mucosal lesions were noted in 40 per cent of the stressed foals. Previous studies report low (3 per cent) occurrence of gastric mucosal lesions. The frequency of squamous mucosal lesions was not different from that reported previously, indicating that stress has little effect on the development of lesions at this site.     

妊娠后期限饲对母羊分娩后血中GH、IGF-I、T3、T4和INS浓度的影响

选择经同期发情且同期受孕,妊娠90 d的健康蒙古绵羊100只,分为代谢能(ME)0.175 MJ/(kgw0.75.d)(RG1)0、.33 MJ/(kgw0.75.d)(RG2)以及自由采食对照组(CG)3个营养水平处理组,研究妊娠后期不同营养水平限制饲养对母羊分娩后生理补偿期内血中GH、IGF-I、T3、T4和INS浓度的影响。结果表明:母羊从分娩后10 d开始,各限制组RG1和RG2组GH浓度均处于较高水平,而IGF-I、INS、T3、T4浓度仍处于较低水平,与对照组相比差异不显著;分娩30 d后,各组各指标变化复杂,RG1和RG2组GH浓度均有所下降,而IGF-I、INS、T3、T4浓度缓慢回升,到150 d后,各限制组GHI、GF-II、NS、T3、T4浓度都与对照组水平持平,而且在整个生理补偿期内,RG2组表现更突出。     

犬眠宝异氟醚麻醉及手术对犬血浆中T3、T4影响

为了观察犬眠宝注射麻醉和异氟醚吸入麻醉对经历去势术犬血浆中甲状腺激素T3、T4的影响,试验将20只实验犬随机均分为犬眠宝注射麻醉组(Q组)和异氟醚吸入麻醉组(I组),每组10只。两组分别进行犬去势术,术中进行麻醉监测,并采静脉血,用放射性免疫法(RIA),检测血浆的含量,测定血浆中的T3、T4。试验结果表明,犬眠宝、异氟醚麻醉及手术对犬血浆中T3、T4的影响具有相似之处,均表现为术中升高,术后持续降低直至48h恢复到麻醉前水平。     

Measurement of thyroid hormones (thyroxine, T4; triiodothyronine, T3) in captive nondomestic felids.

The aim of this research was to obtain basic values for the evaluation of thyroid function in nondomestic felids. Serum thyroid hormone concentrations (thyroxine, T4; triiodothyronine, T3) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 145 cats, representing nine species of captive nondomestic felids: jaguar (Panthera onca), n = 49; puma (Puma concolor), n = 10; ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), n = 22; oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus), n = 12; geoffroy (Oncifelis geoffroyi), n = 4; jaguarundi (Herpailurus yaguarondi), n = 8; margay (Leopardus wiedii), n = 7; lion (Panthera leo), n = 26; and tiger (Panthera tigris), n = 7. For each species, mean +/- SEM of T3 and T4, respectively, were as follows: jaguar, 0.56 +/- 0.03 and 9.7 +/- 0.8 ng/ml; puma, 0.67 +/- 0.04 and 11.2 +/- 1.2 ng/ml; ocelot, 0.48 +/- 0.03 and 13.8 +/- 1.5 ng/ml; oncilla, 0.43 +/- 0.03 and 10.0 +/- 1.6 ng/ml; geoffroy, 0.44 +/- 0.04 and 8.0 +/- 0.16 ng/ml; jaguarundi, 0.7 +/- 0.03 and 5.0 +/- 1.0 ng/ml; margay, 0.48 +/- 0.04 and 12.2 +/- 2.3 ng/ml; lion, 0.43 +/- 0.02 and 5.7 +/- 2.6 ng/ml; and tiger, 0.66 +/- 0.03 and 12.6 +/- 0.9 ng/ml. Within species, T3 and T4 concentrations did not differ (P > 0.05) between males and females.     

Effects of storage times and temperatures on T3, T4, LH, prolactin, insulin, cortisol and progesterone concentrations in blood samples from cows

Little is known about stability of hormones in blood samples stored under various conditions. This study was conducted to examine stability of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, insulin, cortisol and progesterone in blood and serum samples. Experiment 1 was designed to determine if concentrations of these hormones were affected by exposure to cellular elements of anticoagulated and coagulated blood when stored at 4 C and room temperature (22 to 26 C). Jugular venous blood was collected from six diestrous Holstein cows into evacuated bottles containing sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), heparin or no anticoagulant. Subsamples of EDTA-treated and heparinized blood were stored .25, .5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 and 72 h at 4 C or room temperature. Subsamples of blood without anticoagulant were stored in polypropylene tubes (clot tubes) or serum separator tubes for 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 ad 72 h. Mean concentrations of T3, T4, LH, prolactin and cortisol did not change in plasma or serum from either of the four types of samples stored at 4 C or room temperature for 72 h. The mean insulin concentration decreased 18% by 72 h in serum from serum separator tubes stored at room temperature. At 4 C, mean progesterone concentrations decreased 55% by 24 h and 73% by 72 h in plasma from EDTA-treated blood; 41% by 72 h in serum from clot tubes, and 26% by 24 h and 36% by 72 h in serum from serum separator tubes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Influence of exogenous T4 on body weight, feed consumption, T4 levels, and myocardial glycogen in furazolidone-fed turkey poults.

Ten turkey poults each were placed in one of four groups: control, thyroxine (T4), furazolidone (FZ), and FZ + T4. Thyroxine (T4), at a concentration of 1 ppm, was included in the ration of poults fed T4 and FZ + T4, and furazolidone (FZ), at a concentration of 700 ppm, was included in the ration of poults fed FZ and FZ + T4 from 2 to 5 weeks of age. Levels of plasma T4 decreased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) between 2 and 5 weeks in control and FZ poults. At 5 weeks, plasma T4 levels were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) lower in FZ poults than in control poults and significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) lower in the FZ + T4 poults than in the T4 poults. Exogenous administration of T4 had no effect on development of the round heart syndrome or on body weight, but significantly increased feed consumption in FZ-fed poults during weeks 4 (P less than or equal to 0.05) and 5 (P less than or equal to 0.01). Inclusion of T4 in the ration increased plasma levels of the hormone 12x in both T4 and FZ + T4 poults and significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased myocardial glycogen content in T4 poults but not in FZ + T4 poults.     

围产期患高发代谢病奶牛T_4、T_3、TSH、I含量动态变化的研究

试验以处于围产期的68头奶牛(以健康经产牛为对照组,患酮病、脂肪肝、胎衣不下牛为试验组)为研究对象,在奶牛产前第15,8,1天和产后第1,8,15,22天分别采集颈静脉血检测血清中甲状腺激素[四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)和三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)]、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、碘(I)的含量。结果表明:健康的经产牛围产期血清中T4、T3、TSH、I均呈现波浪式动态变化,最高值分别出现在产前第1天、产后第22天、产后第1天、产前第15天;TSH最低值出现在产前第15天,其他检测指标最低值出现在产后第1天。患酮病的奶牛和患脂肪肝的奶牛围产期处于缺碘状态,其产后甲状腺机能出现减退;患脂肪肝期间同时伴发甲状腺功能减退症;患胎衣不下的奶牛围产期碘含量低于正常值,其产犊前后伴发亚临床甲状腺功能减退症。数据统计结果显示:奶牛血清中T4与TSH、T3、I的相关系数分别为-0.749,0.535,0.691;T3与TSH、I的相关系数分别为-0.502,0.457。     

Interference in the establishment of tsetse-transmitted Trypanosoma congolense, T. brucei or T. vivax superinfections in goats already infected with T. congolense or T. vivax

An interference phenomenon that delays superinfection with a trypanosome species different from that used for the initial infection has been found to occur in goats. Following tsetse transmission of Trypanosoma brucei to goats already infected with T. congolense, there was a delay in chancre development, as well as in the appearance of T. brucei and anti-T. brucei antibodies in the blood when compared to previously uninfected goats. However, there was no delay in the establishment of a tsetse-transmitted superinfection with T. vivax in goats already infected with either T. congolense or in animals already infected with a different serodeme of T. vivax.