啤酒花矮化类病毒实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立与应用

为建立一种快速、灵敏、特异的定量检测啤酒花矮化类病毒(Hop stunt viroid,HSVd)的实时荧光定量RT-PCR (RT-qPCR)方法,设计了2对引物及特异探针,体外转录制备了RNA标准品,绘制标准曲线,并对该方法的特异性、灵敏度和重复性进行评估.建立的定量标准曲线Ct值与模板拷贝数对数之间呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R2为0.9988,扩增效率为95％;该方法的特异性好,与啤酒花潜隐类病毒(HLVd)、葡萄黄斑类病毒1(GYSVd-1)、葡萄黄斑类病毒2(GYSVd-2)和桃潜隐花叶类病毒(PLMVd)均无交叉反应;灵敏度为1.0×102拷贝/μL,比普通RT-PCR高10倍;试验内及试验间重复性试验的变异系数均小于3％.研究表明该方法适用于实际样品中HSVd的快速定量检测.     

纳米磁珠结合实时荧光RT-PCR技术检测大丽花潜隐类病毒

正大丽花潜隐类病毒(Dahlia latent viroid,DLVd)是Verhoeven et al.(2013)用Return-PAGE和s-PAGE技术从大丽花中鉴定出的一种新类病毒。根据2015年国际病毒分类委员会分类报告,DLVd为马铃薯纺锤形块茎类病毒科啤酒花矮化类病毒属成员。该病毒单独侵染时,大丽花没有明显的症状,其与马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒(Potato spindle tuber viroid,PSTVd)复合侵染时可使大丽花叶片卷曲(Tsu-     

啤酒花矮化类病毒及其突变体侵染性克隆的构建和生物学活性研究

  啤酒花矮化类病毒重组突变体（HSVd D 15）是世界上报道过的仅有的一个啤酒花矮化类病毒（HSVd）分子内重组突变体。为研究其生物学活性,本文分别构建了含有HSVd和HSVd D 15 cDNA加倍串联序列的重组质粒,并对其在指示植株四叶黄瓜上的侵染活性进行了检测。结果表明：仅在接种含有HSVd cDNA多倍串联序列重组质粒的黄瓜上检测到HSVd的侵染,在同样条件下接种了含有HSVd D 15 cDNA两倍串联序列重组质粒的黄瓜上未检测到子代类病毒。HSVd D 15的生物学活性还需通过改进接种方法或将其接种无毒的自然寄主李树苗木来进一步研究。     

菊花矮化类病毒两种检测方法的建立与比较

菊花矮化类病毒可通过接种寄主植物和电泳方法进行检测。正反向电泳法可从相当于 2 8mg鲜重的菊花样品中检测到菊花矮化类病毒RNA ,并可同时检测10-20个样品材料。生物检测则需要较大的空间、严格的温度条件和较长时间 ,不适合于大规模检测     

福建三明地区柑橘病毒类病原种类的鉴定及检测

为了明确福建省三明地区柑橘病毒类病原(病毒和类病毒)种类,利用RT-PCR技术对其进行了鉴定和检测,并对其检出率进行了分析。结果表明,从207份柑橘叶片样品中检出柑橘衰退病毒(citrus tristeza virus, CTV)、柑橘黄化脉明病毒(citrus yellow vein clearing virus, CYVCV)、柑橘叶斑驳病毒(citrus leaf blotch virus, CLBV)和蚜虫致死麻痹病毒(aphid lethal paralysis virus, ALPV)等4种病毒以及柑橘曲叶类病毒(citrus bent leaf viroid, CBLVd)、啤酒花矮化类病毒(hop stunt viroid, HSVd)、柑橘矮化类病毒(citrus dwarfing viroid, CDVd)、柑橘类病毒Ⅴ(citrus viroidⅤ, CVdⅤ)和柑橘类病毒Ⅵ(citrus viroidⅥ, CVdⅥ)等5种类病毒。其中,CTV、CYVCV、CLBV和ALPV的检出率分别是71.01%、66.67%、0.97%和6.28%,CBLVd、HSVd、C...     

啤酒花潜隐类病毒RNA提取方法及检测技术的研究

本研究采用纳米磁珠提取法(Magnetic Nanoparticles,MNP)、改良的Li Cl沉淀法、CTAB法、TRIzol法和RNeasy Plant M ini Kit 5种方法提取感染啤酒花潜隐类病毒(Hop latent viroid,HLVd)的啤酒花叶片总RNA,结果显示Li Cl沉淀法、CTAB法和M NP法提取的RNA的质量较好,而M NP法具有提取时间短、操作简便,环境友好和批量提取的优势,适用于啤酒花潜隐类病毒RNA的快速提取。体外转录制备HLVd RNA标准品,利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR绘制标准曲线,并对其特异性、灵敏度进行评估。应用纳米磁珠提取啤酒花总RNA,结合实时荧光RT-PCR技术,建立了HLVd的快速、高效的M NP-RT-q PCR定量检测方法。     

用于转基因玉米品系检测的PCR芯片的应用研究

本研究旨在建立一种能够对多种转基因玉米进行同时检测的PCR芯片,用于玉米及其制品中的转基因成分的检测。在实验中选择了6种转基因玉米品系(BT10、BT11、BT176、GA21、MON863、MON89034)和1种非转基因玉米作为实验材料,对PCR芯片的特异性和灵敏度进行了测试。结果表明,该研究成功构建了能够同时对6种转基因玉米品系进行检测的PCR芯片,且芯片具有较高的特异性,检测灵敏度可达0.1%。该PCR芯片检测结果可靠,可用于玉米及其制品转基因成分的检测。     

山西省枣树上啤酒花矮化类病毒的检测及序列分析

［目的］ 从枣树样品中分离鉴定啤酒花矮化类病毒（HSVd）。［方法］ 从山西省农业科学院果树研究所国家枣种质资源圃采集70份枣树叶片样品,提取小分子RNA后通过Northern杂交、RT PCR进行检测,并对阳性样品中的类病毒进行克隆测序,利用生物学软件对所得序列进行分析。 ［结果］ 70份枣树样品中有1份样品感染HSVd,克隆测序后,共获得13条HSVd序列,它们与GenBank上首次报道的HSVd序列相似性为92.6%~92.8% 。［结论］ 本研究首次在国内报道了枣树上分离得到的HSVd序列,HSVd枣树分离物与已报道的HSVd分离物差异较大。     

柑桔类病毒病害的检测技术

柑桔类病毒病害的检测技术陈国庆（浙江省科学院柑桔研究所黄岩３１７４００）类病毒（ｖｉｒｏｉｄ）是一种不同于真菌、细菌和病毒等的植物病原因子，可引起许多植物发生病害。柑桔裂皮病和木质陷孔病都是由类病毒或类病毒复合物引起，可导致树势衰退，植株矮化，树冠生...     

腥黑粉菌属3种检疫性真菌rDNA-IGS区的扩增及其序列分析

 为了发掘腥黑粉菌属检疫性真菌的特异性分子标记,本研究对来自不同地区的3种检疫性腥黑粉菌:小麦矮腥黑穗病菌(Tilletia controversa)、小麦网腥黑穗病菌(T. caries)和小麦光腥黑穗病菌(T. foetida)的IGS区进行了PCR扩增和序列测定,其IGS1和IGS2区的长度分别为1 511~1 513bp和1 196~1 199bp,G+C含量分别为52.6%和49.0%。用DNA-MAN软件进行比对分析发现,这3种真菌在IGS1区存在不同程度的多态性,而IGS2区的保守性很强,没有特异性的碱基位点存在。依据它们在IGS1区序列的差异,设计了一对特异性引物,可用于T. foetida的分子检测,这是首次利用分子生物学技术对该菌进行鉴定。     

Detection and eradication of chrysanthemum stunt viroid in Spain

Chrysanthemum stunt disease has been detected in Spain. An imprint-hybridization method using digoxigenin-labelled probes has been evaluated for quick detection of chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd). The sensitivity of the method has been evaluated with several cultivars grown under different environmental conditions. The method has been successfully used in the eradication of CSVd.     

A survey of peach viruses in Lebanon

Field surveys were carried out in the main peach-growing areas of Lebanon to assess the presence and distribution of viruses and viroids in commercial orchards. Field inspections were made in spring and summer 2000 to observe symptoms of virus and viroid diseases respectively. In total, 950 trees in 95 commercial plantings from three different regions of Lebanon (Bekaa Valley, Mount Lebanon and north Lebanon) were surveyed and sampled. Immunoenzymatic tests (DAS-ELISA) were used to ascertain the presence of the following: Prunus necrotic ring spot ilarvirus (PNRSV), Prune dwarf ilarvirus (PDV), Apple mosaic ilarvirus (ApMV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot trichovirus (ACLSV), Plum pox potyvirus (PPV), Tomato ringspot nepovirus (ToRSV) and Strawberry latent ringspot nepovirus (SLRSV). Peach latent mosaic pelamoviroid (PLMVd) and Hop stunt hostuviroid (HSVd) were identified by molecular hybridization. About 25% of the tested samples were infected by one or more viruses. In particular, the prevailing virus was PNRSV (61.2% of infection), followed by ACLSV (27.1%), PDV (22.4%) and ApMV (2.1%). Mixed infections were about 13%. ToRSV, SLRSV and PPV were not found. HSVd was apparently absent, whereas PLMVd was identified in 34% of the samples examined. This viroid prevailed in certain areas of Mount Lebanon in both native and foreign cultivars.     

Characterization of a new viroid strain from hops: evidence for viroid speciation by isolation in different host species

A new viroid was detected in hops cultivated in Akita Prefecture, Japan where it is prevalent in many hops fields. In a survey of hop samples collected during the 1986–2002 growing seasons, the new viroid was present in the major Japanese hop-cultivating areas as early as the 1980s. A single-stranded circular RNA of 368–372 nucleotides that assume a highly basepaired, stable, rod-like secondary structure, shares 93%–98% sequence homology with Apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd) isolated from apple and 85%–87% with Australian grapevine viroid (AGVd) isolated from grapevine. Taking into account the present concept of viroid species, we conclude that the viroid is AFCVd. Circumstantial evidence suggests that AFCVd from apples and hops were endemic in Japan only where cultivation of the two host plants overlapped, thereby strongly supporting the possibility that AFCVd (or an ancestral viroid) was transmitted across the species barrier from apples to hops or hops to apples somewhere in the region. Phylogenetic analysis of AFCVd from hops, AFCVd from apples, and AGVd together with the other members of the genus Apscaviroid revealed that the Akita isolates of AFCVd from hops (AFCVd-hop) formed a cluster that is distinct from AFCVd-apple and AGVd. Accumulation of host-specific sequence variation following their isolation in different host species may be leading to the formation of two viroid species from a common ancestor.     

Evaluation of a diagnostic microarray for the detection of major bacterial pathogens of potato from tuber samples

Potato can be infected with many bacterial pathogens, the detection of which is necessary in seed certification. In this study, a diagnostic microarray previously tested for specificity of probes for detecting the potato bacteria causing blackleg and soft rot (Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Pectobacterium carotovorum, and Dickeya spp.), ring rot (Clavibacter. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus), scab (Streptomyces scabies and Streptomyces turgidiscabies) and brown rot (Ralstonia solanacearum) from pure culture was evaluated for analytical sensitivity when testing directly from tuber samples. The microarray readily detected all the bacterial species when 100 ng of the target bacterial DNA from pure culture was mixed with DNA from soil microbes and potato. However, detection was inconsistent when total DNA isolated directly from infected tubers or enriched bacterial culture was used. While the high specificity of the probes could be confirmed from the results of the DNA cocktail experiment used as a control, the study demonstrated that the level of analytical sensitivity of the microarray under the tested condition was not sufficient to detect bacteria directly from tubers. Therefore, in addition to the cost and organizational complexities, the low analytical sensitivity and limited reproducibility of the microarray are constraints for establishing the platform for routine detection of potato bacterial pathogens from tuber samples.     

Diagnostic techniques for viroids

The fast growth of the human population forces us to produce more food, but higher crop production also leads to the fast spread of diseases. Plant pathology deploys a wide range of methods that do not provide an adequate solution to all disease losses. In the case of viroids, therapeutic means of control are not available; therefore control strategies are more focused on the development of reliable detection methods to quickly exclude the infected plant material. Although viroids are the smallest and simplest plant pathogens, their identification and detection is not straightforward. Each viroid–host combination is specific, and for reliable identification, all steps from sampling to final detection must be performed accurately. In this review, several methods for viroid detection in various host plants are discussed, including their advantages and disadvantages. Even though relatively new molecular methods enable fast and sensitive detection of viroids, a combination of different methods gives the most reliable identification. Techniques based on nucleic acids may be the future for viroid detection but they still cannot replace biological indexing, which is usually essential in epidemiological and aetiological studies.     

A new disease of greenhouse tomatoes in Israel caused by a distinct strain ofTomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd)

Using the sequential PAGE method for detection of small circular RNA molecules we isolated a viroid from greenhouse-grown tomato plants exhibiting severe stunting in Israel. The viroid was transmitted to tomato and to several other solanaceous plants by graft and mechanical inoculation, but only tomato plants showed symptoms of disease. Cloning and sequencing revealed that the viroid RNA is composed of 363 nucleotides, has 92% identity with the type strain (Ivory Coast strain) ofTomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd) and 99% identity with the Indonesian strain of this viroid. The experimental host range of TASVd-Is differs significantly from that of the type strain of TASVd. The possible epidemiological consequences leading to TASVd spread in geographically distant areas are discussed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 18, 2002. Corresponding author     

兰花5种病毒可视化基因芯片检测方法建立

为建立运用可视基因芯片技术快速、准确检测兰花病毒的方法,选择黄瓜花叶病毒、齿舌兰环斑病毒、建兰花叶病毒编码外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)基因、辣椒褪绿病毒编码核衣壳蛋白N基因、落葵皱纹花叶病毒编码CI蛋白基因为目标基因,设计引物和探针(5'标记一段poly T)。利用多重RT-PCR方法进行病毒核酸扩增,将扩增产物与固定于芯片的特异性探针杂交,经清洗、可视化显色后进行结果分析。在优化的检测条件下,本研究筛选出2组多重引物组合Cm(F2-R2a)、Ba(F1-R1);Or(F1-R1)、Cy(F2-R2)和Ca(F1-R1),5条特异性探针。所建立的可视基因芯片具有较好的特异性和重复性,可检测出病毒阳性质粒的量为不低于10~3拷贝·μL~(-1)。     

Real-time RT-PCR detection of Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) in hops including an mRNA-based internal positive control

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd), formerly known as pathogen in the genus Citrus and first detected in Slovenian hops in 2014, threatens hop production...