Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) analysis on DNA from the three medicinal Echinacea species

In our previous study, RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis revealed species-specific markers for three medicinal Echinacea species (Asteraceae): E. angustifolia DC., E. pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. and E. purpurea (L.) Moench. In the present work, we have converted a RAPD marker (750 bp) for E. purpurea into a SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) marker. SCAR-PCR, in fact, revealed the expected amplicon (330 bp) only in E. purpurea and not in the other two species, giving further evidence for differences in medicinal Echinacea spp. genome and confirming a greater similarity between E. pallida and angustifolia.     

Ethnomedical knowledge of plants used by Kunabi Tribe of Karnataka in India

Therapeutic effects and medicinal efficacy of the wild herbs were identified and administered by the tribal people to cure various ailments. Recently, the practice of herbal medicine has been diminishing, which may lead to the loss of valuable information about healing herbs. The Uttara Kannada District of Karnataka in India is one of the rich biodiversity centers of Western Ghats. Many tribes like Gowlis, Siddis, Halakki Okkaligas and Kunabis inhabit the semi-evergreen forests of the District. The mixed marathi speaking Kunabis have migrated from Goa and settled here a long time back and are even today without modern facilities. Thus, in the way of revitalization of traditional herbal medicines, it is an effort to record the valuable ethnomedical knowledge of the tribe Kunabis of Uttara Kannada District in Karnataka. A total of 45 species of plants used by Kunabi community people are described here based on an ethnomedical field survey. These plants belong to 26 families and are used to treat a wide range of discomforts like fever, cough, skin diseases, rheumatism, snakebite, jaundice, dysentery, etc.     

东北红豆杉不同性别基因组的RAPD标记

东北红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata)具有很高的观赏价值、药用价值及保健价值(杨波等,2007).红豆杉属植物种群竞争力弱,天然更新缓慢和地理分布局限等客观因素,导致其处于濒危状态,1999年被列为国家一级保护植物(叶水英,2006).红豆杉属为雌雄异株,据周志强等(2009)对天然东北红豆杉种群生殖力进行调查研究结果,东北红豆杉天然种群中,雌雄性比为1:2,雌株和雄株的生殖生存特点不同;张春雨等(2009)通过树木年轮学方法,发现雄株生长速率显著大于雌株,这可能是种群维持自身长期发展的一种适应.这说明东北红豆杉的性别分化及其机制有深入研究的价值.目前对于东北红豆杉性别的鉴定还停留在东北红豆杉雌株结实的阶段,还没有对东北红豆杉早期性别鉴定的有效方法.21世纪以来分子标记技术的应用为很多植物的遗传多样性以及性别相关基因的研究提供了可靠的技术支撑.     

白桦长纤维性状SCAR标记的分析与鉴定(英文)

以东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场天然白桦为研究群体,通过分析其中有代表性的100株个体的纤维长度与RAPD分子标记间相互关联性,筛选出一条与长纤维长度相关性系统为0.6144、显著性达1%水平的片段"BFLR-16",对此片段进行克隆、测序后,并将其转化成与长纤维性状相关的SCAR标记。此标记对长纤维白桦的鉴定效率高达92%,说明此SCAR标记对长纤维个体具有高度特异性,与控制纤维性状长度的基因高度连锁,它的存在与白桦纤维长度的增加有明显的相关性。图6参16。     

RAPD技术在珍稀濒危植物遗传多样性研究中的应用

生物多样性是现代生态学研究的核心问题和热点之一 ,遗传多样性则是一切多样性的基础和最重要的成分。现代分子生物技术的发展 ,为生物遗传多样性研究提供了许多新的方法 ,其中RAPD技术凭借其自身独特的优势成为这一领域的重要研究手段。珍稀濒危物种遗传多样性的研究 ,有助于实施最佳的保护策略 ,因此具有重要的研究意义。本文阐述了RAPD技术的原理及特点 ,综述了该技术在珍稀濒危植物遗传多样性方面的应用 ,并展望了该技术在珍稀濒危物种研究和保护中的应用前景。     

林木遗传图谱构建研究进展*

综述了利用分子标记技术构建杨树、松树和桉树等速生树种遗传连锁图的研究进展，并提出了当前林木遗传作图中存在的主要问题。     

Molecular identification of sex in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hippophae rhamnoides</Emphasis> L. using isozyme and RAPD markers

In many dioecious plants, gender affects economic value, breeding schemes and opportunities for commercial harvests. Hippophae rhamnoides L. is a dioecious plant species in which female genotypes are commercially preferred over male genotypes. Its berries have rich medicinal, nutritional and pharmaceutical properties because of their large amounts of vitamins, essential oils, proteins, fatty acids, free amino acids and flavanoids. Primary limitation for breeding H. rhamnoides L. is its dioecious nature, since gender cannot be identified by traditional methods. Therefore, some reliable and quick methods need to be developed. This communication deals with the development of isozyme and RAPD markers for early sex identification in this dioecious tree. The isozyme analysis was conducted with four enzyme systems, viz. peroxidase, esterase, malate dehydrogenase and catalase. The peroxidase enzyme system produced a female specific sex marker, which successfully differentiated between the staminate and pistillate genotypes of H. rhamnoides L. Thirty five random decamer primers were used in our study and one male sex linked marker was identified. OPD-20 (5′-ACTTCGCCAC-3′) displayed a band at 911 bp that expressed polymorphism between male and female genotypes. The staminate and pistillate genotypes could be distinguished using RAPD marker OPD-20911. These results revealed the immense potential of peroxidase isozyme patterns and RAPD as genetic markers for sex identification in H. rhamnoides L.     

Ri质粒诱导药用植物毛状根技术及应用

毛状根是产生植物次生代谢产物的重要生物反应器。本文简述了发根农杆菌Ri质粒诱导植物产生毛状根的基本原理与方法及影响因子,对毛状根培养次生代谢物在药用植物上的应用作了概述,并提出其产业化前景、存在的问题。     

油茶林套种中药材品种及其种植技术

合理套种中药材有助于油茶提高产量,增加收入.文章提出了油茶林套种选择中药材品种的原则,依据中药材规范化种植研究成果介绍了半夏、射干、车前子、决明子、夏枯草等中药材的主要种植技术.     

Population genetic structure and diversity of high value vulnerable medicinal plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acorus calamus</Emphasis> in India using RAPD and chloroplast microsatellite markers

Acorus calamus is a highly valued medicinal plant with global distribution used in several drugs of health care systems. We evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of 50 populations of A. calamus from different geographical regions in India through RAPD and chloroplast microsatellite markers. From the total screened 82 RAPD primers and 18 cpSSR primers, 10 RAPD and nine cpSSRs were found polymorphic. The selected 10 RAPD primers produced a total of 96 reproducible bands, out of which 65 wer...     

利用RCR-RAPD法和同功酶分析法日本柳杉无性系的识别方法研究

以日本福岛县林业试验场日本柳杉种子园的 ２４个无性系为材料,利用 ＰＣＲ—ＲＡＰＤ法和同功酶分析法对日本柳杉无性系的识别方法进行了比较研究。结果显示：同功酶法和由７个标记构成的ＲＡＰＤ分析法不能完全识别２４个无性系,用１７个和２７个标记构成的ＲＡＰＤ分析法识别这２４个无性系是可能的;同功酶标记是一种基因型标记,具有稳定性高的特点,适合于分析遗传构造的相似程度,特别适合于群体遗传分析,但是,由于能获得清晰话带的同功酶种类有限,在用于个体识别上比较困难;ＲＡＰＤ标记是一种显性标记,稳定性较差,但只要反应体系和条件稳定,利用ＲＡＰＤ标记正确进行无性系识别是完全可能的。     

A male-specific SCAR DNA marker and sex ratio of seedlings in salak(Salacca zalacca var.zalacca)

A male-specific SCAR DNA marker was developed using a RAPD DNA marker specific for male plants of Salacca zalacca var. zalacca(salak palm). The marker is 1579 bp long and has a GC content of 38.5 %. Its sequence contains 1 or 2 open reading frames, indicating the marker is probably a coding region. No highly similar sequences were found in a search of the Gen Bank database.Sexes were identified using the SCAR DNA marker for three kinds of seedlings grouped by the number of seeds per fruit(1, 2 or 3). The sex ratio of female to male did not differ significantly from 1:1 for the three kinds of seedlings, implying that the number of seeds per fruit is not a reliable index to identify the sex of a seedling.     

Variation in Heterobasidion annosum detected by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs

The production of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to detect variation in the isolates of Heterobasidion annosum with various geographical origins. Specific RAPD products were detected for each of the intersterility groups: the European S, F, P and the North American S group. There was considerably more polymorphism found among European S than P isolates. The analysis of RAPDs was shown to be a simple and a fast way to generate DNA markers specific to the previously established intersterility groups and thus useful for diagnostic purposes.     

Molecular characterization and marker based chemotaxonomic studies of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle

Detailed chemical studies and RAPD analysis were done in different populations of Podophyllum hexandrum collected from high altitude regions of North Western Himalayas. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed a high degree of genetic diversity among the 12 collected accessions, attributed to their geographical and climatic conditions. HPLC analysis also revealed variation in the concentration of two major marker compounds which lead to the identification of a chemotype. The study demonstrated that RAPD and chemical markers are very useful tools to compare the genetic relationship and pattern of variation among such prioritized and endangered medicinal plants.     

A male-specific SCAR DNA marker and sex ratio of seedlings in salak (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salacca zalacca</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">zalacca</Emphasis>)

A male-specific SCAR DNA marker was developed using a RAPD DNA marker specific for male plants of Salacca zalacca var. zalacca (salak palm). The marker is 1579 bp long and has a GC content of 38.5 %. Its sequence contains 1 or 2 open reading frames, indicating the marker is probably a coding region. No highly similar sequences were found in a search of the GenBank database. Sexes were identified using the SCAR DNA marker for three kinds of seedlings grouped by the number of seeds per fruit (1, 2 or 3). The sex ratio of female to male did not differ significantly from 1:1 for the three kinds of seedlings, implying that the number of seeds per fruit is not a reliable index to identify the sex of a seedling.     

金钗石斛引种人工栽培试验总结报告

金钗石斛（DendrochilumnobileLindle），是我国常用重要中药材。常附生于阴凉湿润的森林环境的岩石上、树干上，通过引种，人工栽培试验，取得成功。     

松茸SCAR标记的建立

松茸群全球共报道15个种1变种,我国记载5个种1变种(臧穆,1990).长白山区有2种,即松茸(Tricholoma matsutake)和假松茸(T.bakamatsutake),同属于口蘑属.松茸是与松属(Pinus)树木共生的一种外生菌根菌,不仅菌肉肥厚、营养丰富、风味绝佳,而且具有抗癌作用(傅伟杰等,2005).     

A population genetic study in a scattered forest species, wild service tree [Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz], using RAPD markers

Wild service tree [Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz] is a forest tree widespread in Europe, characterized by a scattered distribution. Its hermaphroditic flowers are pollinated by insects, and outcrossing is the prominent mating system, also due to the presence of gametophytic self-incompatibility. Genetic diversity and differentiation of 22 populations from northwestern Italy were investigated by means of variation scored at 53 polymorphic RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) loci. Populations differed in genetic variation, with Shannon diversity index ranging from 0.166 to 0.469. According to Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), most of the genetic variation was found within populations (61.78%) with a significant proportion of variance attributable to genetic differences between regions (23.60%) and between populations (14.62%). Evidence for isolation by distance was found in the set of populations sampled. The effect of habitat fragmentation on genetic variation was also evaluated. The efficacy of RAPD markers in analysing genetic variation, and the contribution of the results in terms of the preservation of biodiversity are discussed.     

松材线虫SCAR标记与检测技术

将松材线虫RAPD特异片段OPM05-X2100进行分离、回收,与载体pGEM-TVector连接,转化大肠杆菌并培养,对目标克隆测序。根据测序结果,用Oligo5.0软件设计引物,正向引物为M05F2(5’-CGGGT CATGG CTGGA GGTAT CGT-3’),反向引物为M05R1(5’-TGGCT CAATG GCAAA TCCTT CGTA-3’),成功地将松材线虫特异片段OPM05-X2100通过引物对M05F2/R1转化为SCAR-M05-X600。运用SCAR标记引物M05F2/R对枯死松树体内分离的92份线虫样本的DNA进行标记,并对单条线虫经简易方法提取的DNA进行检测。结果表明:引物组合对所有81份松材线虫株系均扩增出一条600bp的清晰、明亮的条带,而对8份拟松材线虫、1份霍夫曼尼伞滑刃线虫、1份大核滑刃线虫、1份长尾属线虫均无扩增产物。该对引物可以检测单条松材线虫。利用这对特异引物组合可构建松材线虫检测试剂盒,实现对松材线虫的快速检测的目标。     

切花月季芽变品种的分子标记与鉴别研究

现代月季的基因型高度杂合，目的基因的定位如同大海捞针，形态指标模棱两可的描述比比皆是。为此，特别收集了组别17个，品种45个及相对的芽变品种进行随机增护多态DNA（Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA,RAPD）基因分析。结果表明：11个经筛选的人工全盛随机引物（10－base）共增扩出基因位点143个，其中多态性位点93个，平均多型性比率高达66.0％；切花月季品种与品种之间，特异性RAPD图带清晰稳定，极易识别；由同一品种变异而来的芽变品种之间，特异性位点极少，相似性遗传距离非常接近，最小为0.8607，最大为1；幼叶DNA双步CTAB提取法有助于提高基因指纹图谱的重现性。这为表型性状较为相近的切花月季芽变品种的分子鉴别提供了可靠的技术手段，也为转基因品种的育成奠定了基础。