一株鸭源志贺氏菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

用常规的细菌学诊断方法对分离自种鸭输卵管的一株未知菌进行鉴定,结果表明该菌为志贺氏杆菌;动物接种试验表明该菌对雏鸡具有很强的致病作用;药敏试验表明该菌对喹诺酮类药物和头孢类药物高度敏感。     

一株扭角羚弗格森埃希菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

从四川省某自然保护区2014年5月送检的一只死亡青年扭角羚的肝脏中分离到1株杆菌,并对该分离株进行了生化试验和药物敏感试验。菌株纯培养后,通过菌落PCR方法扩增16SrDNA,并测定PCR产物序列,结合16SrDNA测序结果及生化特性,确定该分离株的生物学分类,然后利用药物敏感试验确定了该菌的耐药情况。将该菌株16SrDNA测序结果在NCBI数据库中Blast同源性比较分析,发现它与弗格森埃希菌相似度超过99%,结合菌株生化试验结果,确定该菌株为弗格森埃希菌。药物敏感试验结果显示,此分离株对环丙沙星、氟苯尼考、头孢他啶、丁胺卡那等敏感,对氨苄西林耐药。     

猫源性人葡萄球菌的分离与鉴定

为诊断扬州大学动物医院接诊的一例患泌尿系统感染猫的致病原因,无菌采集了该患猫的尿液进行尿液培养、革兰染色镜检、生化试验、MALDI biotyper(全自动快速生物质谱检测系统,MBT)分析对分离菌进行鉴定;小鼠攻毒试验确定分离菌的毒性,药敏试验分析其对抗生素药物的敏感特性。结果显示,该细菌为革兰阳性球菌,可发酵果糖、蔗糖等。MBT分析结果,该菌为人葡萄球菌。小鼠攻毒试验及回归试验显示该菌有较强毒性,可致小鼠死亡。药敏试验结果显示,该菌对新霉素、卡那霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、美洛西林、庆大霉素等抗生素均极为敏感。以上结果表明,该猫患泌尿系统感染的致病菌为人葡萄球菌,选用药敏试验结果提示的药物后,该猫的疾病得到治愈。     

1株猪源摩氏摩根菌的分离及鉴定

从猪小肠内容物分离得到1株疑似致病菌进行鉴定。革兰染色显示,该菌为革兰阴性短杆菌;16S rDNA及同源性结果,确定其为摩氏摩根菌,命名QX01。回归试验表明,该菌能够引起昆明系小鼠肝脏和肺脏不同程度充血和出血,具有较强的致病力。19种药物的敏感性试验结果表明,该菌对头孢噻肟、左氧氟沙星和环丙沙星等10种药物敏感,对恩诺沙星、磺胺二甲嘧啶、红霉素等5种药物耐受。本试验首次从猪小肠内容物分离的摩氏摩根菌具有较强致病力,其潜在危害应引起重视。     

患病大鲵摩氏摩根菌的分离与鉴定

从患病大鲵肝脏中分离到1株优势菌SX01,通过Biolog微生物自动鉴定系统、16S rDNA序列分析及构建系统发育树的方法对纯培养的细菌进行鉴定,并进行人工感染试验及药敏试验。结果表明,该分离菌为摩氏摩根菌(Morganella morganii),对大鲵具有致病性。药物敏感性试验表明,该菌株对头孢曲松、头孢吡肟、氨曲南等10种药物高度敏感。     

一株鸭大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及致病性分析

广西省某种鸭场40余日龄的鸭群发病,从病死鸭脑部分离到一株革兰阴性杆菌,经分离纯培养、革兰染色镜检、PCR分子生物学鉴定、血清型鉴定,确定是血清型为O154的鸭大肠杆菌;致病性试验显示,该分离菌对小鼠具有较强的致病性。药物敏感试验结果表明,该菌对替米考星、氧氟沙星、新霉素3种药物产生了耐药性,对头孢曲松、丁胺卡那等7种药物敏感。     

金鱼嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定和药敏实验

从江西某地发病死亡金鱼体内分离到6株呈D-溶血的革兰氏阴性杆菌，对其进行鉴定、生化试验、动物试验，鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophi-la，Ah）。对该菌的致病性和敏感药物试验发现6株菌均具有较强的致病性，均能致死小鼠；该菌对氯霉素、链霉素、诺氟沙星等高度敏感，而对青霉素等药物不敏感。     

某蛋鸡场金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌的分离鉴定及药物敏感性分析

为了解某蛋鸡场金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌对抗菌药物的耐药情况,采集重庆市某蛋鸡场48份羽毛样品、123份肛拭子样品,将羽毛样品经MH高盐培养液增菌后划线接种于MH高盐平板,将肛拭子样品经沙门菌增菌液增菌后划线接种于S.S.平板。将疑似菌落接种LB液体培养基培养后提取基因组,PCR扩增金黄色葡萄球菌特异性nuc基因和沙门菌特异性invA基因片段。对分离鉴定的金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌进行药物敏感性试验。最终共分离鉴定出9株金黄色葡萄球菌、6株沙门菌。药敏试验结果表明,分离的金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌耐药严重,且存在多重耐药。本研究基本摸清了该蛋鸡场金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌对常见抗菌药物的敏感性,为该蛋鸡场的临床用药提供了参考。     

1例红颊竹鼠化脓性肺炎病原菌的分离鉴定

为确定南宁金陵镇某竹鼠养殖场发生竹鼠化脓性肺炎的原因,从发病竹鼠肺中分离得到可疑细菌,经形态观察、生理生化特性测定及16S rRNA序列分析,鉴定该分离菌为大肠杆菌,经小鼠回归试验证实该分离菌可致死小鼠。该菌16S rRNA与大肠杆菌(DQ337503,FJ418574,KR189581)同源性高达100%。药敏试验显示对头孢克肟、卡那霉素、大观霉素、奈替米星、氟苯尼考和米诺环素等药物高度敏感,对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、亚胺培南、头孢唑啉、头孢氨苄、四环素、红霉素和克拉霉素等药物有抗性。结果表明:大肠杆菌是南宁金陵镇某竹鼠养殖竹鼠致死的病原菌。该菌的分离鉴定为其感染引起的传染病防治提供了试验依据。     

鲈鱼摩氏摩根菌的鉴定及药敏试验

从患病鲈鱼体内分离到1株优势菌LY2014,对其进行形态观察、生理生化试验、16SrDNA基因序列分析,同时采用Kriby-Bauer纸片扩散法进行耐药性分析。结果该菌为发酵型、具有动力的革兰阴性杆菌,根据生化试验结果初步确定该菌为摩氏摩根菌。以该菌的基因组为模板PCR扩增获得的16SrDNA序列长度为1 407bp(GenBank登入号为KJ830813)。该序列与GenBank数据库中摩氏摩根菌的16SrDNA基因序列相似性高达99%,系统进化树显示其与摩氏摩根菌亲缘关系最近,从而确定菌株LY2014为摩氏摩根菌。该菌株对磷霉素、菌必治和多黏霉素B高度敏感,对痢特灵、红霉素和诺氟沙星等5种药物中度敏感,对氨苄西林和氟苯尼考等11种药物耐药。     

Comparative macroanatomical study of the neurocranium in some carnivora

This study was carried out to investigate the specific anatomical features of the neurocranium of the skull of the dog, cat, badger, marten and otter. Twenty-five animals (five from each species) were used without sexual distinction. The neurocranium consists of os occipitale, os sphenoidale, os pterygoideum, os ethmoidale, vomer, os temporale, os parietale and os frontale. The processus paracondylaris is projected ventrally in the cat, dog, marten and badger, and caudally in the otter. Two foramina were found laterally on each side of the protuberantia occipitalis externa in the otter, and one foramen was found near the protuberantia occipitalis externa in the badger. Foramen was not seen in other species. Paired ossa parietalia joined each other at the midline, forming the sutura sagittalis in the badger, dog, otter and cat while it was separated by the linea temporalis in the marten. The os frontale was small in otters, narrow and long in martens, and quite wide in cats and dogs. The bulla tympanica was rounded in the marten, dog, cat and badger, dorsoventral compressed in otter, and it was very large in all species examined. These observations represented interspecies differences in the neurocranium of marten, otter, badger, cat and dog.     

Spill-over of European bat lyssavirus type 1 into a stone marten (Martes foina) in Germany

European bat lyssavirus type 1 (EBLV-1, genotype 5) is known to endemically circulate in insectivorous bat populations in Germany. In August 2001, a rabies suspect stone marten (Martes foina) was found in the city of Burg (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany) and was sent to the regional veterinary laboratory for routine rabies diagnosis. Whereas brain samples repeatedly tested negative in the fluorescent antibody test for classical rabies virus (genotype 1), the mouse inoculation test and the rabies tissue culture inoculation test yielded positive results. Rabies viral RNA was also detected in the stone marten brain sample both by nested and heminested RT-PCR specific for the nucleoprotein gene and for the nucleoprotein phosphoprotein junction of rabies virus. The amplification products were sequenced to genotype the isolate. Sequence data obtained from the first-round RT-PCR products were analysed and the suspect stone marten isolate was confirmed as a rabies related virus (EBLV-1a). Phylogenetic comparison with sequences from recent genotype five isolates from Germany and Denmark showed that it was closely related to a previous isolate of EBLV-1 from a serotine bat in Saxony-Anhalt obtained in the same year in an area adjacent to the place where the EBLV-1 infected stone marten was found. Both EBLV-1 isolates share a 99.5% identity. This is the first report of an EBLV-1a spill-over from an insectivorous bat into wildlife in Europe.     

Spill‐over of European Bat Lyssavirus Type 1 into a Stone Marten (Martes foina) in Germany

European bat lyssavirus type 1 (EBLV‐1, genotype 5) is known to endemically circulate in insectivorous bat populations in Germany. In August 2001, a rabies suspect stone marten (Martes foina) was found in the city of Burg (Saxony‐Anhalt, Germany) and was sent to the regional veterinary laboratory for routine rabies diagnosis. Whereas brain samples repeatedly tested negative in the fluorescent antibody test for classical rabies virus (genotype 1), the mouse inoculation test and the rabies tissue culture inoculation test yielded positive results. Rabies viral RNA was also detected in the stone marten brain sample both by nested and heminested RT‐PCR specific for the nucleoprotein gene and for the nucleoprotein phosphoprotein junction of rabies virus. The amplification products were sequenced to genotype the isolate. Sequence data obtained from the first‐round RT‐PCR products were analysed and the suspect stone marten isolate was confirmed as a rabies related virus (EBLV‐1a). Phylogenetic comparison with sequences from recent genotype five isolates from Germany and Denmark showed that it was closely related to a previous isolate of EBLV‐1 from a serotine bat in Saxony‐Anhalt obtained in the same year in an area adjacent to the place where the EBLV‐1 infected stone marten was found. Both EBLV‐1 isolates share a 99.5% identity. This is the first report of an EBLV‐1a spill‐over from an insectivorous bat into wildlife in Europe.     

优质水貂皮初加工时应注意的问题

主要从影响貂皮质量的初加工工序,如剥皮时间、屠宰方法、剥皮方法、洗皮、晾晒、储存及包装等方面,详细论述了各环节需掌握的关键技术,并提出了获取优质貂皮应对初加工过程中的人为因素加强控制的建议.     

Native and exotic seed dispersal by the stone marten (Martes foina): implications for the regeneration of a relict climactic forest in central Portugal

The stone marten (Martes foina) is a carnivorous mammal that often consumes fleshy fruits, thus potentially promoting seed dispersion. The present study was developed in Bussaco National Forest, central Portugal, and aimed to assess the potential role of the stone marten in dispersing native and exotic plants in different forest landscape types. Seeds from stone marten scats and fleshy fruits were collected monthly and were thereafter identified and sowed in a nursery, following a randomized experimental setup. Plant emergence was monitored fortnightly. Generalized linear models were used to test for differences in time and success of emergence between seeds from scats and fruits of 3 native species (Rubus ulmifolius, Arbutus unedo and Celtis australis) and 1 exotic plant species with invasive behavior (Prunus laurocerasus). Fruit consumption by the stone martens significantly increased and accelerated the germination of the native R. ulmifolius but had no effect on the other 2 native species or on the invasive species. This suggested that stone martens contribute to gene flow and forest regeneration by dispersing native plant seeds. However, although the germination was not enhanced in the invasive species, the preference of stone martens for these fruits may potentially contribute to the proliferation of P. laurocerasus. Our study represents a contribution to better understanding the fauna and flora interactions, enabling for a more conscious and effective decision‐making in forest management.     

Epizootiological investigations of canine distemper virus in free-ranging carnivores from Germany

Canine distemper virus (CDV) infects a broad range of carnivores. To assess whether wild carnivores may play a role in the epidemiology of CDV in domestic dogs in Germany, the seroprevalence of CDV was determined. In sera from red foxes (30 of 591 (5%)) and stone martens (2 of 10 (20%)) antiviral antibodies were detected using a neutralization assay, whereas sera of raccoons, two mink, one pine marten and one raccoon dog were negative. In foxes, there was a significantly higher prevalence in urban and suburban compared to rural regions. When testing lung and spleen tissue samples (fox, badger, stone marten, polecat, raccoon dog) 13 of 253 (5.1%) foxes, 2 of 13 (15.4%) stone martens and 2 of 6 (33%) badgers were virus positive using RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of the F gene revealed a distinct relatedness to canine CDV isolates. Together, the data support the concept of transmission of CDV between domestic dogs and wild carnivores.     

Secondary poisoning hazards in stone martens (Martes foina) fed bromadiolone-poisoned mice

Stone martens (Martes foina) are particularly exposed to secondary poisoning by feeding on anti-coagulant-loaded rats and mice in premises. This study indicates that the risk can be considered relatively small as up to 31 bromadiolone-loaded mice were consumed during four days by a single stone marten without symptoms of poisoning.     

特种经济动物纤维超微结构的研究

以银狐、蓝狐、南貉、美洲貉、紫貂、水貂为试验材料,观察特种经济动物狐、貉、貂毛绒纤维的超微结构,利用扫描电镜法比较其鳞片层结构特征。结果显示:银狐针毛翘角平均值为34.6°;鳞片高度平均值为10.88μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.48μm,银狐绒毛翘角平均值为25.3°,鳞片高度平均值为11.59μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.51μm;蓝狐针毛翘角平均值为33.1°,鳞片高度平均值为15.09μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.63μm,蓝狐绒毛翘角平均值为25.0°,鳞片高度平均值为9.80μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.55μm;南貉针毛翘角平均值为35.1°,鳞片高度平均值为14.54μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.67μm,南貉绒毛翘角平均值为32.7°,鳞片高度平均值为16.41μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.65μm;美洲貉针毛鳞片高度平均值为6.05μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.26μm,美洲貉绒毛翘角平均值为25.5°,鳞片高度平均值为13.04μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.51μm;紫貂针毛鳞片高度平均值为10.18μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.54μm,紫貂绒毛鳞片高度平均值为9.24μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.52μm;水貂针毛鳞片高度平均值为11.50μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.60μm,水貂绒毛鳞片高度平均值为22.33μm,鳞片厚度平均值为0.59μm。不同种的动物纤维具有独特的形态特征,在超微结构上存在明显的差别。不同种的动物纤维,其鳞片翘角、鳞片高度、鳞片厚度差异显著(P<0.05),同一种动物纤维其针毛与绒毛的鳞片翘角、鳞片高度、鳞片厚度差异显著(P<0.05)。     

A Survey of Trichinella spiralis in Wild Carnivores in Southwestern Quebec

In 1982-1983, 144 muscle samples from 11 different species of wild carnivores from southwestern Quebec, Canada, were examined for the presence of Trichinella spiralis larvae, using direct microscopic examination and the peptic digestion method. Two red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) (out of 29) and one pine marten (Martes americana) (out of 56) were found positive, giving a 2.1% prevalence for the whole sample.     

Molecular epidemiology of the rabies virus in Slovenia 1994-2010

A molecular epidemiology study was performed on a selection of 30 rabies-positive brain samples collected between 1994 and 2010 in Slovenia and originating from the red fox (n=19), badger (n=3), cattle (n=3), dog (n=2), cat (n=1), marten (n=1) and horse (n=1). Based on the comparison of 1092 and 672 nucleotide sequences of nucleoprotein (N) and partial glycoprotein (G) gene regions, a low genetic diversity of the circulating strains was detected, but both phylogenetic trees were consistent with the topology where partial nucleoprotein or glycoprotein genes were used. A high sequence identity in the N and G gene to rabies virus isolates from neighbouring countries was found. The Slovenian strains were clearly different from the vaccine strains SAD B19 and SAD Bern, which have been used in Slovenia since 1988.