漳州市2011年晚稻新品种区试结果与分析

对漳州市2011年晚稻新品种区域试验进行分析,结果表明,表现较好的品种有泰丰优676、泰丰优686和特优130,并对参试品种的丰产性、稳产性和生育期等性状进行了评述。     

漳州市2011年早稻新品种区试结果与分析

对漳州市2011年早稻新品种区域试验进行分析,结果表明,表现较好的有特优106、天丰优316、天优25、特优269、华两优819和丰两优1号等6个品种,并对参试品种的丰产性、稳产性和生育期等性状进行了评述。     

光泽县中稻新品种区域试验

引进12个中稻新品种(含对照)在光泽县进行区域试验,对品种的适应性、丰产性、抗逆性、稳定性等农艺性状进行评估。结果表明,宁12优676、农优683、明1优明占、荃优212、两优968表现较好,均比对照Ⅱ优3301高产且抗逆性和农艺性状优良,可进一步进行试验。     

11种杂交水稻新品种的区试评估结果

[目的]针对韶关市气象、土壤、病害等因素,考察水稻11个新品种的适应性、丰产性及抗逆性等农艺性状,以初步评估这些品种是否适宜在该地区推广种植。[方法]参照金优207,对早造水稻11个新品种进行随机重复区试,调查水稻抗逆性、产量等农艺性状,采用LSD法检验其差异显著性。[结果]区试结果表明,有6个品种比对照组高产,分别是H优159、银丰优9008、天优9802、金昌优196、五丰优9802、T215优602;此外,H优159、T215优602、吉优华占、全丰优2155这4个品种的抗逆性比对照组好。[结论]H优159、T215优602适合进一步区试和推广种植,民优2629不适宜在当地推广,其他品种有待于进一步试验论证。     

杂交稻新品种在明溪县中低产田种植对比试验简报

引进29个中稻新品种,采取随机排列的方法在中低产田种植进行对比筛选试验,对各品种的农艺性状、生育期、产量进行比较。试验结果表明:农两优3135、中浙优634、花2优3301、两优676、泰丰优3301、两优456、竹丰优3446、两优616等8个品种适应性、丰产性和抗病性较好,较适宜在福建省明溪县中低产田作中稻种植。     

宁化县2012年杂交水稻新品种生产试验小结

2012年福建省宁化县农技站引进杂交水稻新品种6个,以宜优673作对照进行生产试验,结果表明,参试品种中以花2优3301、Y两优689和Y两优3218等品种主要农艺性状表现良好,丰产性和抗病性较突出,具有推广前景。     

顺昌县优质杂交稻新品种比较试验

引进泰丰优2068、嘉丰优2号、荃优212、恒优丝占、野香优676等5个水稻新品种在顺昌县作中稻种植,以宜优673为对照进行品种简比试验,试验结果表明:嘉丰优2号、荃优212、野香优676、泰丰优2068等4个品种丰产性好、抗性强、生育期适中,株型较紧凑,穗大粒多、后期转色好,综合性状良好等特点,适宜在顺昌县作为中稻推广品种扩大示范种植。     

尤溪县中稻新品种区域试验

以Ⅱ优3301为对照,在尤溪县管前镇对元两优676、荟丰优3545、T两优4159等11个中稻新品种进行区域试验。结果表明,广8优165、T两优4159、闽两优366、元两优676和广两优2号等5个参试品种的综合性状良好,适宜尤溪县中高海拔地区作为中稻推广品种。总结了表现较好品种的产量及农艺性状表现。     

南安市2012年优质晚稻新品种试验初报

2012年南安市引进10个优质稻新品种进行试种、试验。结果表明:福两优366、泰丰优2098等8个优质稻新品种的综合表现较好,并对各参试品种的丰产性、稳产性和生育期等性状进行了评述。     

浦城县杂交中稻新品种对比试验

2014年引进深两优865、和两优1号等9个品种,以Ⅱ优明86作对照在浦城作中稻种植进行对比试验。结果表明:参试品种生育期在130~134 d,其中深两优865、广优673和扬籼优68等品种表现优良,可在浦城县扩大示范推广。主要介绍了各品种在浦城县种植的农艺性状及产量表现。     

试论杂交水稻的品质育种目标

生产上推广利用的大多数杂交稻组合具有优良的蒸煮品质和营养品质，但加工品质、外观品质尚需进一步改良。今后，应把提高稻谷的精米率和整精米率，降低垩白粒率，减少垩白度，提高胚乳的透明度作为选育杂交稻新组合的品质育种目标，同时，还应适当降低直链淀粉含量，进一步改善杂交稻米饭的柔软性，改进食用品质。     

北方杂交粳稻亲本籼粳成分与杂种产量和稻米品质性状的关系

以北方杂交粳稻骨干亲本及其组合为材料,采用程氏指数法和微卫星分子标记法,对亲本籼粳成分与杂种产量和稻米品质性状的关系进行了研究。杂交粳稻骨干亲本的程氏指数为13.5～19.3,偏籼系数为0.12～0.38,采用程氏指数和分子标记法对亲本进行籼粳分类的结果并不完全一致。父本程氏指数与产量杂种优势和杂种性状的相关性强于母本,而对于偏籼系数则相反。亲本程氏指数差异与产量杂种优势和杂种性状的相关性强于分子标记差异。亲本籼粳成分及其差异与多数杂种性状和产量杂种优势呈明显的二次曲线关系,存在临界极值;亲本籼粳成分及其差异与杂种产量性状和稻米品质性状的相关性相反。因此,要获得产量杂种优势和杂种表现最佳、高产与优质相结合,父母本籼粳成分应适度搭配。     

中国近25年来育成杂交籼稻组合的米质分析

为了解我国近25年来育成的杂交籼稻组合的米质状况和未来品质改良重点,分析了我国自1984年以来育成的4495份杂交籼稻组合的10项米质指标及其优质达标率。结果表明,检测的4495份杂交籼稻材料10项米质性状的优质达标率为34.2%～98.1%,平均78.5%。5项主要米质指标（整精米率、垩白度、透明度、直链淀粉含量和质量指数）全部达到优质标准的材料占29.9%。20世纪80年代、90年代和2001-2008年3个不同时期育成的杂交籼稻组合10项米质性状的平均优质达标率分别为64.2%、71.1%和81.4%,质量指数优质达标率分别为84.5%、86.4%和88.5%。2001-2008年期间育成的杂交籼稻材料5项主要米质指标全部达到优质标准的占32.9%,比20世纪80年代和90年代的分别高18.0和11.9个百分点,表明2001-2008年育成的杂交籼稻组合的米质总体优于20世纪80年代和90年代育成的组合。博优、中优和培优系列组合的米质较好。分析同时指出,我国杂交籼稻组合的垩白粒率和垩白度的优质达标率较低,仅34.2%和55.1%,是未来杂交籼稻米质改良的重点。     

杂交籼稻组合演替过程中植株农艺性状的变化

以大面积推广的23个杂交籼稻组合为材料,研究了品种更替过程中农艺性状的演变特征。结果表明,在杂交籼稻组合的演替过程中,单株有效穗数下降,单株产量和生物量降低,单茎的茎鞘、叶片、穗重增加,抽穗后叶片的光合能力增强。相关分析和通径分析表明,生物量是影响单株产量的主要因素。在杂交稻的育种和栽培中,强调单个有效穗的大穗优势的同时,必须注重品种的分蘖发生能力,建立适宜的群体密度以获取高产。     

Practices and Prospects of Super Hybrid Rice Breeding

The great progress in super rice breeding both in China and other countries has been made in recent years. However, there were three main problems in super rice breeding: 1) the super rice varieties were still rare; 2) most super rice varieties exhibited narrow adaptability; and 3) current breeding theories emphasized too much on the rice growth model, but they were unpractical in guidance for rice breeding. According to the authors’ experience on the rice breeding, the breeding strategies including three steps (super parent breeding, super hybrid rice breeding and super hybrid rice seed production) were proposed, and the objectives of each step and the key technologies to achieve the goals were elucidated in detail. The super parent of hybrid rice should exhibit excellent performance in all agronomic traits, with the yield or sink capacity reached the level of the hybrid rice control in regional trials. The super hybrid rice combination should meet the following criteria: good rice quality, wide adaptation, lodging resistance, resistance to main insects and diseases, and the yield exceeded above 8% over the control varieties in the national and provincial regional trials. To achieve the goal, the technical strategies, such as selecting optimal combination of the parents, increasing selection pressure, paying more attention to harmony of ideal plant type, excellent physiological traits and all the agronomic traits, should be emphasized. The yield of seed production should reach 3.75 t/ha and 5.25 t/ha for the super hybrid rice combinations derived from early-season and middle-season types of male sterile lines, respectively. The main technologies for raising seed production yield included selecting optimum seed production site, using the male sterile line with large sink capacity and good outcrossing characteristics, and improving the amount of the pollen by intensive cultivation of the male parent. According to the technologies of the three-step breeding on super hybrid rice, two super rice parents, including a male parent 996 and a thermo(photo)-genic male sterile [T(P)GMS] line C815S, were bred. Furthermore, a super early hybrid rice combination, Luliangyou 996, which could be used as a double-season early rice variety in middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, was bred by using the super rice variety 996 as the male parent, and several hybrid rice combinations with higher yield than control variety in regional trials both of Hunan Province and state were bred with the T(P)GMS line C815S as the female parent.     

两系杂交早稻杂种优势的初步研究

对安农Ｓ－１配制的１１７个杂交早稻组合的杂种优势分析，阐述了两系杂交稻在产量、生育期和经济性状上的优势表现；论述了杂种与父本、杂种产量与产量性状及各产量性状之间的相互关系，提出了在选育两系杂交早稻组合时应注意的一些问题。     

Relationship of Parental Indica-Japonica Indexes with Yield and Grain Quality Traits of Japonica Hybrid Rice in Northern China

Taking the main parents (10 male sterile lines and 10 restorer lines) and their 100 combinations of japonica hybrid rice in northern China as materials, the relationships of parental indica-japonica indexes determined by the methods of the Cheng's index as well as simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers with yield and grain quality traits of hybrid rice were studied. For the parents, the Cheng's index (Chi) ranged from 13.5 to 19.3 and the indica index in SSR markers (ADi) were from 0.12 to 0.38. The classification of parents by Chi was not completely consistent with that by ADi. The Chi of male parent was more closely related to hybrid traits than that of female parent, as contrasted to ADi. At the same time, the difference between parents (PD) in Chi was more closely related to hybrid traits than that in ADi. The indica-japonica indexes of parents and their difference between parents appeared quadratic relationship to hybrid traits with the critical extremum. The directions of the correlation of indica-japonica indexes of parents and their differences with hybrid yield traits were on the opposition to those with hybrid grain quality traits. Therefore, the female parent should match the male parent moderately in indica-japonica index to obtain the optimum of hybrid traits, high yield as well as good quality.     

黑龙江杂交粳稻产量相关性状配合力及遗传参数分析

按照不完全双列杂交(NCII)设计,以6个恢复系为父本、3个不育系为母本共配制18个杂交粳稻组合,分析了产量相关性状的配合力及遗传参数.结果 表明,杂交组合的产量和结实率受母本的影响大于父本,每穗实粒数更多地依赖恢复系,穴穗数和千粒重则受双亲的共同影响.遗传分析表明,主要受基因加性效应影响的性状为穗实粒数,主要受非加性...     

四川省新育成的杂交水稻组合的品质分析

对2001年参加四川省优质米组区试的25个新组合的主要品质指标进行了分析,并研究了主要品质性状与产量性状的关系。结果表明,参试组合中没有一个组合的垩白率达到部颁优质米（NY/T83 1988）二级标准,胶稠度达到一级标准的组合比例很少;垩白粒率与垩白度呈极显著正相关,直链淀粉含量与垩白粒率和胶稠度分别呈显著正相关和负相关;产量与垩白度和直链淀粉含量分别呈显著和极显著正相关。适当增加千粒重可兼顾杂交稻的品质改良与产量提高。     

前氮后移对杂交中稻及其再生稻产量的影响

以20个杂交中稻组合为材料,在前氮后移与重底早追两种施氮方式下,研究了前氮后移对头季稻及再生稻产量的影响。结果表明,前氮后移有助于提高杂交中稻组合头季稻及再生稻产量,且高于重底早追施氮方式,但各杂交组合间表现各异。其中,内5优306、蓉18优447、德香4103、内5优317和川谷优7329这5个组合前氮后移处理头季稻比重底早追处理显著或极显著增产,乐优198、宜香优800、蓉优1808、冈比优99、冈优725、德香4103、炳优900、F优498、内5优317这9个组合的再生稻产量前氮后移处理比重底早追处理高。综合考虑头季稻产量和再生力,两季总产较高的组合为宜香优800、内5优317和蓉18优447。