梅花鹿巴氏杆菌病的诊治

句容养鹿场共饲养梅花鹿 10 7头 ,其中种公鹿 48头 ,成年母鹿 3 1头 ,仔鹿 2 8头。 2 0 0 0年 8月 10日晨 ,发现 1头母鹿和 1头仔鹿突然死亡 ,同日下午有 5头母鹿死亡 ,11日有 2头母鹿和 1头仔鹿死亡 ,12日有 2头母鹿和 2头仔鹿死亡。 10日下午 ,我们根据流行病学、临床症状、剖检变化 ,微生物学检查 ,诊断为梅花鹿巴氏杆菌病。经治疗 ,病情很快得到了控制。现将发病情况介绍如下。1　临床症状鹿群发病急 ,病程短。个别鹿从出现症状到死亡 ,不足 2ｈ。大多数鹿病程在 12～ 2 4ｈ。开始鹿表现为精神沉郁 ,采食量下降 ,怕动 ,反应迟钝 ,鼻镜干…     

饲养不当造成仔鹿死亡浅析

饲养不当造成仔鹿死亡浅析蔡智宇，邓建坤（新疆库尔勒农二师三十团）某单位于１９８９年新建一马鹿养殖场，场内现有成年母鹿３０头，后备母鹿２５头，１９９２年自交母鹿受胎３４头，后不明原因流产５头，难产死亡２头，病死１８头，经济损失惨重。现将临床症状、病理解...     

注射三合激素提高母鹿受胎产仔率

1 前言 云山农场养鹿场,位于虎林县境内,四面环山,山上有多年生的柞树和其它林木,具有发展养鹿得天独厚的自然优势。该场自1976年开始发展养鹿,高峰期年存栏鹿达1000余头。随着时间流逝,历经波折,截止1994年末鹿仅存栏103头,其中繁殖母鹿28头(梅花母鹿20头,东北母鹿8头)。     

塔里木马鹿冻配最佳输精时间的试验

将96只经试情公鹿检出的发情的经产塔里木母马鹿分为3组,分别在3个不同时间进行麻醉保定,检查其卵泡发育情况,并做1次输精。统计其产羔情况。其中首次接受公鹿爬跨后5h处理组的母鹿有17头,产羔率为41.2%,10h处理组有母鹿61头,其中54头处Ⅲ期卵泡阶段,7头已排卵,产羔率70.5%;12h处理组有母鹿18头,产羔率50%。结果表明,母鹿在接受试情公鹿爬跨后10h输精处理组的受胎产羔效果明显高于其余两个处理组,差异显著。     

手术治愈天山马鹿外伤性瘤胃破裂

1　发病情况　本团王某 ,共饲养天山马鹿 5头 ,其中 1头 2岁公鹿和 1头 2岁母鹿同关一圈 ,另一圈关着 1头经产母鹿 ,两圈之间用 1 .5 m高的细木棒的篱笆隔开 ,在 1 999年 9月 5日下午 ,王某欲将 2岁母鹿出售 ,当把母鹿麻醉倒卧后 ,人进圈抬鹿时 ,公鹿受惊跳进经产母鹿圈内 ,公鹿下腹部左侧的腹壁 ,被篱笆上的一根尖木棒划破 ,伤至瘤胃 ,瘤胃伤口长约 2 0 cm,呈不规划“T”状 ,脱出腹外如小水桶般大 ,当把经产母鹿拨出 ,人离开后受伤公鹿即卧下 ,人接近时又站起呆立一旁。2　治疗　吹管注射眠乃宁 1 .4ml,8min后显效倒下 ,取右侧卧 ,先剪除…     

梅花母鹿配种前的短期优饲

西丰县鹿业发展局所属的西丰县谦益参茸场,现有人工驯养的梅花鹿1100头,其中成年母鹿存栏320头,是西丰梅花鹿新品种的核心群之一。鹿群公鹿产茸量平均单产成品三叉茸达1.3kg/头,母鹿繁殖成活率2001年已达82.1％,位於全国的前列。其原因之一是对母鹿在配种前实行“短期优饲”。     

断奶仔猪日粮中添加加酶益生素的效果

文章介绍了关于益生素的基本内容及加酶益生素对断奶仔猪产生的影响,并针对断奶仔猪生产性能进行了对照试验,进行了使用加酶益生素饲喂断奶仔猪的试验。通过在基础日粮中添加加酶益生素比较其对断奶仔猪的生长性能、腹泻及料重比的影响。试验选用了体质健康的28日龄断奶仔猪40头,随机分成两组,Ⅰ组(试验组)20头,Ⅱ组(对照组)20头。Ⅰ组在基础日粮中添加0.4%的加酶益生素,Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮,研究加酶益生素对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。结果表明:Ⅰ组仔猪63日龄时的平均体重为16.8kg,腹泻的发生率为2.9%;Ⅱ组仔猪63日龄时的平均体重为15.4kg,腹泻发生率为18.3%。     

梅花鹿李氏杆菌病的诊治

1 流行情况 2005年长春市双阳区某鹿场1周内先后死亡2头仔鹿1头母鹿，并有4头鹿陆续发病，病鹿表现为不同程度的神经症状，1头怀孕母鹿发生流产，应用青霉素及磺胺类药物等治疗效果不佳，后入我院诊治。     

梅花鹿链球菌和巴氏杆菌混合感染

1　发病情况　汝阳县城关镇某养鹿场存栏梅花鹿2 7头 ,其中公鹿 8头 ,母鹿 1 9头 ,于 2 0 0 1年 2月下旬发病 7头 ,死亡 5头 ,其中公鹿 2头 ,母鹿 3头 ,发病率为 2 5 .9% ,病死率为 71 .4%。发病鹿表现体温41℃ ,口鼻流唾液 ,混有泡沫 ,鼻镜干燥 ,鼻孔发红 ,眼结膜充血 ,精神沉     

一头母梅花鹿长出了鹿角

不知各位听说过或亲眼见过母鹿长鹿角这一怪事没有?从理论上讲,母鹿是不长角的（驯鹿例外）.不过,母鹿长角这一怪事在四川省都江堰市发生了。该养鹿场隶属于四川省医药公司,共养鹿一千多头,母鹿三百多头,且全是梅花鹿．其中有一头八岁龄母鹿在头部左侧长了一支四寸左右长鹿角,该角未分叉（见照片）。头部右侧未见有长角迹象。据调查,这头编号为21号的母鹿,从两岁时开始长鹿角,且年年如此,母鹿长茸对它的正常发情。配种和产仔无任何影响.至于是什么原因造成这种现象,还有待于进一步探讨一头母梅花鹿长出了鹿角@唐福全     

The reproductive performance of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama) in New South Wales

Observations on the reproductive performance of fallow deer on 47 farms in New South Wales were made over 6 consecutive years. The minimum fawning rate for does varied significantly (p less than 0.001) between years, the corresponding fawning percentages varying from 75.0% to 96.4%, with an overall mean of 88.8%. The weaning rate also varied significantly (p less than 0.001) between years, the corresponding percentages varying from 65.0% to 89.1% with a mean over 6 years of 81.4%. Weaning rates were low given the known high fertility of fallow deer. The ratio of male to female fawns at weaning varied significantly (p less than 0.05) between years, although the ratio was exactly 1:1 for all births recorded over the 6-year period. The mean birthweights for female and male fawns were 4.01 kg +/- 0.61 (n = 330) and 4.23 kg +/- 0.72 (n = 348) respectively. Mean birthweights varied significantly (p less than 0.001) between the sexes and between years. There was a greater difference between birthweights of male and female fawns in years with higher mean fawn birthweight. Fawn birthweights generally approximated 10% of the pre-rut weight of their mother. Handling of newborn fawns for tagging and weighting did not increase the chance of mismothering and rejection. The mean weaning weight for doe fawns and buck fawns over 6 years was 18.7 kg (n = 227) and 21.2 kg (n = 231) respectively, with a mean birth to weaning interval of 108.4 +/- 4.89 (n = 458). Growth rates of male fawns from birth to weaning were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than for female fawns, and the growth rates of fawns were significantly different (p less than 0.01) between years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Pregnancy detection and the effects of age, body weight, and previous reproductive performance on pregnancy status and weaning rates of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama)

Fallow does (n = 502) of different ages (mature, 2-yr-old, and yearling) were maintained with bucks for a 60-d breeding season to determine whether previous reproductive performance and changes in BW affect doe pregnancy rates and to compare the effectiveness of ultrasonography and serum pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) for the detection of pregnancy in fallow does. Ultrasonography was performed, blood samples collected, and BW recorded at buck removal (d 0) and at 30 and 90 d after buck removal. Lactational status (lactating = WET; nonlactating = DRY) were determined from farm records taken at weaning prior to each breeding season (autumn 1990 through autumn 1994). Ultrasonography and PSPB for determining pregnancy were in agreement 93% of the time. Overall pregnancy rates did not differ (P>.10) relative to age of the doe; the combined pregnancy rate was 92%. We also determined that 82.9% of does conceived early in the breeding season and that the incidence of embryonal-fetal mortality during the first 90 d after buck removal was 2.8%. In general, mature and 2-yr-old DRY does were heavier and had lower pregnancy rates than WET does. The overall weaning rate for all does was 77.9%. Loss in the number of fawns from pregnancy detection to weaning was equivalent to 14.8% for mature does, 24.7% for 2 yr old does, and 42.5% for yearling does. These data indicate that even though pregnancy rates were relatively high, further study is needed to determine the causes associated with subsequent fawn losses, particularly among yearling does. As a production tool, lactational WET/ DRY status testing was found to be an acceptable means for determining the reproductive potential of individual does within the herd. In addition, serum PSPB may be used in place of ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis in fallow deer as early as d 30 after buck removal.     

断乳方式对仔麝行为和生长性能的影响

为研究断乳方法对断乳仔麝行为和生长性能的影响,采用对比的方法,将12头仔麝分为离圈断乳组和留圈断乳组,观测两种断乳方法对断乳仔麝行为和生长性能的影响,并对留、离圈断乳仔麝各行为反应进行t检测。结果表明:焦躁游走、鸣叫、跑跳等不安行为反应,离圈断乳仔麝比留圈断乳仔麝时间长;日摄食量,离圈断乳仔麝比留圈断乳仔麝少;体重增长,离圈断乳仔麝比留圈断乳仔麝少。直至断乳20 d,留圈断乳仔麝与离圈断乳仔麝体重开始趋近,体重差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,留圈断乳更适合断乳仔麝的生长。     

马鹿胚胎移植技术的试验研究

以新疆塔河马鹿为供体鹿和受体鹿 ,经过同期发情、超数排卵、人工授精、胚胎采集和胚胎移植后 ,供体鹿 3年共超排 2 7头 ,获可用胚 116枚 ,同期发情处理受体母鹿 2 2 8头 ,发情母鹿 171头 ,同期发情率 75 % ,采用人工输精后 ,进行胚胎移植 ,其中人工授精受胎率平均达 5 5 .7% ,移植 6 8头 ,受胎数 36头 ,鲜胚移植受胎率 5 2 .9%。     

Evaluating response to selection and nutritional needs in a three-way cross of rabbits

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the response obtained in a three‐way cross of rabbits when the lines involved had undergone within‐line selection for litter size or postweaning daily gain. The interaction between the level of nutrition and genetic level of the crossbreds was also studied. Using frozen embryos, old (H1) and current (H2) crossbred does and young were compared contemporarily. Does were fed a standard diet or a diet having high digestible energy and protein. The difference in the number of generations between lines used to produce both crosses were: 13 or 0 for the maternal lines, and 12 for the paternal line. The traits studied in the crossbred does were: daily feed intake during gestation, during the first 3 weeks of lactation and during the last week before weaning; doe weight at mating and at kindling; litter weight at birth and at weaning; total litter size, number born alive and litter size at weaning. The recorded traits for the young were: individual weight at weaning and at 63 days; individual daily gain after weaning; daily feed intake and feed conversion index. The last two traits were recorded as averages per cage. A total of 1161 litters from 190 does were involved. Significant differences in litter‐size traits, between H1 and H2 does, were observed and were higher than the expected from the within‐line response. The doe effect was not significant for other doe traits, adjusted to a constant litter size. The estimated difference in postweaning daily gain between H1 and H2 young was significant and in favour of H2, but the value was considerably lower than expected. The effect of type of feed and the interaction with the type of doe was not significant for any doe trait. The type of feed consumed by the doe was significant for postweaning daily gain, and the interaction with the type of crossbreds was significant for this trait and for individual weight at 63 days.     

浅谈选育梅花鹿和马鹿繁殖速度及其应用

依据统计遗传学繁殖速度的理论和方法 ,并依据品种品系鉴定时可繁殖母鹿数、母鹿的繁殖成活率及其净繁殖率 (R)和繁殖年代与成年鹿只的死淘率等 ,探讨了人工选育的双阳梅花鹿品种、长白山梅花鹿品系、西丰梅花鹿品种和塔里木马鹿品种从选育鉴定到 2 0 0 1年时的繁殖速度和该年年末繁育的鹿只存栏数 ,为制定品种 (系 )繁育计划、规范鹿种销售市场、修订和制定鹿品种审定标准 (试行 )等提供了科学依据。     

Effect of adding different levels of rumen protected choline to the diet on productive and reproductive performance of female goats and growth of their kids from birthing to weaning

Forty female goats in the third parity were randomly divided into four similar groups. The experiment was started 20 days before mating and lasted until the end of the suckling period for 60 days and weaning their kids. The first group were fed diet without supplementation and kept as control while in the second, third and fourth groups, each doe was fed diets with rumen protected choline (RPC) at the rate of 10, 20 and 40 g/day, respectively. Results showed that number of doe kidding twins and triplets and litter weight of kids born per group increased with increasing the level of RPC in the diet of goats and viability rate of born kids during the suckling period improved due to RPC supplementation in the diets of their mothers. Duration of estrous, days from weaning to estrous, days from kidding to estrous and kidding interval decreased significantly, while conception rate increased due to adding RPC. Milk choline concentrations and total choline secretion though milk were progressively increased significantly with increasing the level of RPC supplementation. Live body weight and daily body gain of their suckling male and female kids at weaning increased significantly with increasing RPC levels in the diets of their mothers.     

影响哺乳期羔羊生长的母羊因素分析

为探索母羊因素对哺乳期云上黑山羊羔羊生长发育的影响,根据母羊体重、胎次分别选取云上黑山羊初生羔羊90只和120只,公、母各半,从出生开始直至90日龄断奶,每10天进行1次体重测定,进行生长发育分析。结果表明:(1)母羊产后体重对羔羊初生重、哺乳期体重具有显著影响(P<0.05)。母羔中,38~45 kg母羊组和48~62 kg母羊组的羔羊初生重、平均日增重均显著高于28~35 kg母羊组(P<0.05)。公羔中,38~45 kg母羊组的羔羊初生重显著高于其他两组羔羊(P<0.05),48~62 kg母羊组其羔羊平均日增重显著高于其他两组羔羊(P<0.05)。(2)母羊胎次对母羔初生重没有显著影响,但对母羔哺乳期体重均有显著影响(P<0.05),母羔中,3胎、4胎母羊组的羔羊平均日增重均显著高于1胎和2胎母羊组;母羊胎次对公羔的影响不显著。说明母羊产后体重显著影响羔羊胎儿期和哺乳期的生长发育,合适的母羊体重可以为羔羊提供充足的营养;母羊胎次仅对哺乳期母羔具有显著影响,母羊的母性行为随胎次的增加而完善。     

Reproductive and health traits among Boer, Kiko, and Spanish meat goat does under humid, subtropical pasture conditions of the southeastern United States

Boer (n = 132), Kiko (n = 92), and Spanish (n = 79) straightbred does were studied across 6 yr to assess doe fitness on southeastern US pastures. Does were exposed to Boer, Kiko, and Spanish bucks in a complete 3-breed diallel mating scheme each fall for spring kidding in March or May. A total of 1,041 doe-yr units were observed with does (ranging from 2 to 8 yr of age) managed together in a semi-intensive manner. The proportion of buck-exposed does delivering at least 1 live kid was less (P < 0.01) for Boer does (80%) than for Kiko (96%) and Spanish does (94%). Litter size and litter weight at birth were not affected (P > 0.15) by breed of dam. By weaning at 3 mo, the proportion of available does weaning at least 1 kid was less (P < 0.01) for Boer does (53%) than for Kiko (84%) and Spanish does (82%). For does weaning kids, litter size at weaning was greater (P = 0.01) for Spanish does (1.74 kids) than for Kiko (1.59 kids) and Boer does (1.47 kids). Litter weaning weight was lighter (P < 0.01) for Boer dams (23.0 kg) than for Kiko (27.2 kg) and Spanish dams (26.5 kg). The efficiency ratio of litter weight to dam weight at weaning differed (P < 0.05) among all 3 dam breeds: Boer = 51%; Kiko = 62%; Spanish = 68%. Annual rates of lameness, endoparasitism, and attrition, respectively, were greater (P < 0.01) for Boer does (69, 53, and 28%) than for Kiko (32, 24, and 10%) and Spanish does (42, 22, and 11%). Postpartum fecal egg counts for endoparasite loads were less (P < 0.05) for Spanish dams (346 eggs/g) than for Kiko (524 eggs/g) and Boer does (675 eggs/g). Whole-herd annual doe productivity based on all available does was less (P < 0.01) for Boer does (11.7 kg weaned/doe) compared with Kiko (22.0 kg weaned/doe) and Spanish does (21.1 kg weaned/doe). Boer does expressed substantially decreased levels of fitness compared with Kiko and Spanish does when semi-intensively managed on humid, subtropical pasture. Kiko and Spanish should be preferred as maternal breeds in meat goat production systems under conditions reflective of this study.     

仔兔补饲方法的比较试验

仔兔从18～20日龄采取随笼补饲和离笼补饲两种方法。两批试验结果表明:随笼补饲的仔兔断奶窝重、窝日增重及成活率均明显高于离笼补饲的仔兔,重要的是随笼补饲极大简化了烦琐操作程序,减少了工作量,更适合规模化养兔场应用。