西伯利亚杏仁粕营养物质测定与其氨基酸组成评价

为了探究西伯利亚杏仁粕的营养成分及其特点,以西伯利亚杏仁粕为试材,分别采用溶剂法、灼烧法、凯氏定氮法等方法对杏仁粕营养成分的含量与组成进行了测定与分析;采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定了杏仁粕中氨基酸的组成,并应用氨基酸比值系数法,以WHO/FAO氨基酸参考模式为评价标准,对其必需氨基酸的组成进行了评价。测定结果表明:西伯利亚杏仁粕中蛋白质的含量为648.00 mg·g^-1,粗脂肪含量为54.00 mg·g^-1,粗纤维含量为3.20 mg·g^-1,灰分含量为44.00 mg·g^-1。西伯利亚杏仁粕中含有17种氨基酸,氨基酸总含量为65.86%;西伯利亚杏仁粕中8种人体必需氨基酸的总含量为20.59%,其中谷氨酸含量最高,为8.70%,其必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的含量比为0.45;其药用氨基酸含量高达41.79%。杏仁粕中还含有丰富的Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、K、Ca、Mg、P等微量元素和多种维生素,其中维生素E和维生素B2的含量分别为1.39×10-2与0.38×10-3 mg·g^-1。其必需氨基酸的构成比例基本符合食品法典委员会(WHO/FAO)的标准,其氨基酸的比值系数评分(SRC)为76.51。研究结果表明:西伯利亚杏仁粕营养丰富,所含人体必需氨基酸的种类齐全,且配比均衡,是有利于人体氨基酸营养平衡的优质食品原料。     

山核桃种仁蛋白质及氨基酸成分含量的变异分析

以3个地区50个山核桃初选优树为试样,研究了地域分布和单株在种仁粗蛋白、氨基酸组成和氨基酸含量诸性状上的差异.结果表明:(1)临安、淳安、安吉三地区山核桃种仁粗蛋白含量平均值为113.0 mg·g-1,变异系数为9.73%;方差分析表明地域分布对粗蛋白含量的影响达到显著水平,具中等广义遗传力(H2=0.342 9).(2)山核桃种仁富含17种氨基酸,其中含人体8种必需氨基酸中的7种,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的33.07%,并且比例是稳定的,变异系数仅1.63%;而氨基酸总量以及7种必需氨基酸的含量变异系数较大,均超过16%,尤以甲硫氨酸为最,达到64.92%.     

铺地竹叶饲用价值的评定

对铺地竹叶片进行营养成分的常规分析,含量如下:含水率为60.99%,粗蛋白为15.084%,粗脂肪为5.031%,粗纤维为30.438%,粗灰分为10.976%,可被利用的糖为15.834%;以及动物体必需的各种氨基酸,并且含量比较丰富.从营养成分看,铺地竹是一种优质的禾本科饲用植物.     

几种野生芹菜营养成分分析

以东北地区常见野生芹菜为研究对象,对其水分、灰分、粗纤维、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、糖(总糖、还原糖)、维生素(C、胡萝卜素)、氨基酸种类及含量(总氨基酸含量、8种必需氨基酸含量)、总黄酮含量(提取时间、乙醇浓度对其影响)、硝酸盐含量等营养成分进行分析的结果表明:①四种野生芹菜与家芹相比而言,灰分、粗纤维、粗蛋白、维生素C等含量均明显高于家芹;②四种野生芹菜矿质元素含量明显高于家芹中矿质元素含量;③拐芹、大叶芹、棱子芹中氨基酸含量和家芹中氨基酸含量无明显差异,碎叶山芹中各种氨基酸含量明显高于其他几种芹菜。     

妊娠后期梅花鹿母鹿精料营养成分分析及营养物质表观消化率测定

本研究采用化学分析和部分粪便收集法,对大连森林动物园妊娠后期梅花鹿精料营养成分及主要营养物质的表观消化率进行测定。结果表明:大连其精料中干物质(DM)含量为95.71%,粗蛋白(CP)为22.88%,粗脂肪(EE)为5.37%,粗纤维(CF)为4.16%,无氮浸出物(NFE)为56.21%,粗灰分(Ash)为7.09%,Ca为1.57%,总能(GE)含量为17.74mJ/kg;母鹿日干物质摄入量为1.26kg,DM、CP、CF、Ca和GE表观消化率分别为74.26%,74.26%,82.74%,69.38%,79.41%和78.25%。精料中主要营养成分、干物质日摄入量及营养物质消化率均较高,能满足妊娠后期梅花鹿母鹿在动物园这种特殊环境下的营养需要。     

荒漠植物蒙古扁桃种子化学组分分析

对荒漠植物蒙古扁桃种子化学组成分析表明,其种仁粗脂肪含量在50.00%以上,不饱和脂肪酸含量达96.99%,其中油酸和亚油酸含量分别占65.65%和31.34%;其油脂酸值、过氧化值和碘值分别为0.59±0.02 mg/g、0.23±0.01 g/100 g和80.01±0.63 gI2/100 g,属于不饱和程度高、低酸值的优质油脂;蒙古扁桃种仁含粗蛋白25.54%,其中共检出18种氨基酸,必需氨基酸占其氨基酸总量的31.51%;用95%乙醇回流4h,可得4.5%的固型提取物,其中可检测出黄酮类化合物、酚类化合物和多糖,具有较强的抗氧化能力。     

Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal as supplement to diet of grazing dairy cattle in semiarid Western Tanzania

The effect of supplementation with three levels of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (LLM) added to a diet composed of cotton seed hulls (CSH) and maize bran (MB) on milk yield, milk composition and body weight changes of grazing lactating cows was studied in a completely randomised design. Marginal product analysis for the different levels of LLM as a substitute to cotton seed cake (CSC) was also calculated. The following treatment diets were used in the experiment: Diet 1, (control) composed of 1.8 kg DM CSH and 1.8 kg DM MB. Diet 2, 3 and 4 had an addition of 1.2, 2.0 and 2.6 kg DM of LLM respectively. Diet 5 was composed of 1.8 kg DM of CSC and 1.8 kg DM of MB. Treatments, number of lactations, farm and initial milk yields significantly (P < 0.01) influenced milk production. LLM supplementation to grazing cows significantly increased milk production, weight gain and milk composition (P > 0.05). Cows on treatment 1 achieved no significant (P < 0.05) increase in milk yield compared to cows on treatment 2, 3, 4 and 5 which attained net milk increase of 3.6, 4.1, 6.7 and 4.4 litres/cow/day respectively. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in net milk produced by cows on treatment 2, 3 and 5 compared to treatment 1. LLM supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) increased total solids (TS) in milk compared to that of cows under control, but there was no significant (P > 0.05) influence on milk crude protein (CP), butter fat (BF), solids not fat (SNF) and ash in all the diets. Body weight was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by LLM supplementation. Degradation coefficients of the treatment diets were high and varied significantly (P < 0.01) and had an influence on the metabolizable energy value of the treatment diets. Cows on diet 2 to 4 had a weight gain of 190.9, 101.8 and 80.9 g/cow/day respectively and cows on diet 5 attained the highest weight gain (234.5 g/cow/day). Diet 4 had the highest marginal productivity of 4.3 followed by diets 2, 3 and 1 with marginal productivities of 2.8, 0.6 and 0 respectively. It was therefore, concluded that the optimal supplementation level using LLM as a substitute for the more expensive CSC was diet 4.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

核桃花粉营养成分分析与评价

分析测定了核桃花粉营养成分,结果表明蛋白质含量26.59%、氨基酸含量23.70%,高于其他花粉;还原性糖、蔗糖含量较低;脂肪含量稍高,为5.45%;必需氨基酸含量为9.61%,E/T比值为40.55%,蛋氨酸和胱氨酸为其限制性氨基酸.必需氨基酸的组成与比值与理想蛋白质中人体必需氨基酸的模式接近,氨基酸分75.14.测定的维生素中Vc含量每100 g最高达114.46 mg.与其他花粉比较,核桃花粉每100 g中有高钾(920 mg)、低钠(2.8mg)的特点,且镁(190 mg)、磷(650 nag)、钙(150 nag)含量较高;微量元素中锌(5.7 mg)、硒(0.017 mg)含量较高.     

箬竹叶片营养成分分析

为了解箬竹叶片中主要营养物质的含量,开展箬竹资源的多元化利用,对箬竹叶片中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、氨基酸及矿物质元素质量分数进行了测定。结果表明,箬竹叶中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分及总干物质含量分别为63.7,7.1,45.0,450.0 mg/g;17种常见的氨基酸种类均能检测出,总氨基酸含量(T)为40.1 mg/g,人体必需氨基酸总量(E)为13.6 mg/g,E/T为33.91。按照FAO模式计算的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为56.76,按照全鸡蛋模式计算的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为43.24;箬竹叶中K,Ca,Mg,P和Na含量均丰富,其中K的含量最高,为15.1 g/kg,Ca和Na含量均在1.60 g/kg以上,Mg的含量为1.04 g/kg。箬竹叶片中营养成分较为合理,可以作为一种动物饲料开发利用。     

High productivity gel diets for rearing of Queensland fruit fly, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bactrocera tryoni</Emphasis>

The Queensland fruit fly or ‘Q-fly,’ Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is Australia’s most damaging insect pest of horticulture. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is being developed as a sustainable approach to management of Q-fly. New larval diets are needed for economical production of millions of artificially reared sterile flies that are required for use in SIT. Solid diets that incorporate biological bulking agents present problems of variable quality and waste disposal. Liquid diets emerged as a promising alternative, but these also suffer drawbacks, including separation of components, fermentation and need for cleaning and regular replacement of substrates that support developing larvae. The present study considers whether two promising liquid diet formulations might be improved by incorporating agar (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) to create semiliquid or gel diets that maintain consistent composition, suppress fermentation, negate the need for supporting substrates and minimize waste. Overall, gel diets containing greater than 0.5% agar outperformed liquid diets (0% agar) and semiliquid diets (0.25% agar) of identical nutritional composition, especially in terms of development rate and productivity. Flies from the two tested diet formulations differed in flight performance, and this likely reflects differences in concentration of wheat germ oil and/or the type of yeast used. Overall, gel diets show great promise for rearing of Q-fly, overcoming many of the constraints of both traditional solid diets and more recently developed liquid diets. There is now a need for larger-scale trials that test and refine these diets for use in operational SIT settings.     

龙桑一号桑的开发利用及种植管理研究

通过对龙桑一号桑叶氨基酸、蛋白质、粗脂肪等的含量的测定,结果表明,6月、7月、8月龙桑一号桑叶氨基酸总量(其中谷氨酸含量占氨基酸总量的比例最高)、蛋白质含量逐渐降低,7月粗脂肪含量(2.24%)最低,8月粗脂肪含量(3.58%)最高,龙桑一号具有潜在的开发价值。提出了桑园管理的具体措施。     

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIET ON YOUNG NUTRIAS

Nutrias(MyocastorcolIPus)isonekindofvaluablefuranimals.Functionofitsfurkeep-ing-temperatllfeisgoodandit'sakinisdurable,soitsskinandfurarcoftenusedasthemateri-alsoffurcoatandleather.Nutrianleatnotonlytastesdeliciousanddelicate,butalsocontainshighprotein.Nutriacanbefedeasilyanditsfeedingcostislow.Therefore,itisverysuitabletoourcountry.TherehasbeennoreportaboutstiJdyontl1enutritiverequirementofnutriasinChina.ThistestemphasizesonthepropernutTitivercquircll1entofnutfiaandithasprovidedsol1lebasi…     

苦竹竹笋主要营养成分和微量元素的研究

经对苦竹竹笋营养成分的测定,苦竹笋干物质中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总灰分、还原糖的含量分别为:28.42%、4.89%、21.83%、5.47%、0.206 3%;每100 g鲜竹笋中维生素C的含量为15.4m g;每100 g竹笋干物质中Zn 5.379 m g、Cu 2.454 m g、C r 0.374 m g、F e 18.642 m g、Pb 0.018 5 m g。研究结果表明苦竹笋中粗蛋白质与粗纤维含量明显高于粗脂肪,属高蛋白、高纤维、低脂型可食蔬菜资源,对促进肠胃功能具有良好的保健作用。苦竹笋中富含锌、铜、铬和铁,对由于缺乏锌、铜、铬和铁而引起身体多种功能紊乱的患者有一定的裨补作用。     

杜仲雄花茶营养成分的测定分析

对杜仲雄花茶的营养成分进行了分析测定.结果表明:杜仲雄花茶粗蛋白含量为32.9%,氨基酸含量达21.41%,含有人体所需的全部8种必需氨基酸,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的40.4%,V c含量31.5 m g/100 g,总黄酮含量达3.53%;杜仲雄花茶矿质元素含量丰富,尤其是Fe、Zn等含量较高,并具有十分典型的高钾低钠特点,有较高的营养价值及医疗保健作用.     

Ruminal Fermentation and Nutrient Digestion in West African Dwarf (WAD) Sheep Fed Leucaena leucocephala Supplemental Diets

Dry season feeding has always posed a problem for ruminant nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa. The availability of browse plants or multi-purpose trees during this period has led to their incorporation in the farming systems. The need therefore to investigate the feeding value and fermentation profiles of WAD sheep fed grass hay with supplemental Leucaena leucocephala formed the objective of this study. Eight 18–24 months old West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep (28.8±4.2 kg body weight) were used in the study. Four of the sheep were fistulated ruminally and rumen pH, ammonia and volatile fatty acid were measured. Dried leaves of L. leucocephala were offered at two levels (25 and 50% of DMI, diets D25% and D50%, respectively) as supplement to a basal hay diet. The basal hay diet without supplement was the control diet. Diet D25% had a higher (p <0.05) ruminal ammonia concentration than the control, while diet D50% had a higher (p <0.05) total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration compared to both the control and D25% diets, respectively. Diet D25% had a marginal increase of 6.7% N- retention over the control diet. Organic matter digestibility (OMD) decreased (p <0.05) with level of supplementation. Animals on D50%, D25% and the control diets lost 14, 7.3 and 5%, respectively, of retained energy leading to a negative energy balance. Overall results suggest that a 25% level of supplementation with leucaena gave the best outcome even though a range of 25–50% could be fed during periods of basal diet scarcity.     

濒危植物夏蜡梅种子化学成分分析

检测夏蜡梅种子千粒重和含水量,并对种仁的化学成分进行分析,结果表明:粗脂肪、粗蛋白、淀粉、可溶性糖、粗纤维、灰分、氨基酸的质量分数分别为43.57%、14.28%、7.72%、8.61%、7.08%、2.33%、0.59%,蛋白质组分以水溶性和碱溶性蛋白质为主,盐溶性蛋白质含量相对较低;大量元素以N最高、K最低,微量元素含量依次为Zn>Fe>Na>Mn>Cu>Ni。单因素方差分析表明,不同大小级种子的粗蛋白、可溶性糖和醇溶蛋白存在显著或极显著差异,11种矿质元素大部分以大种子的含量最高,除Ca、Na、Fe和Ni之外,其他元素均存在不同程度的显著差异。     

Comparative performance of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on different plant diets

Tribolium castaneum is a pest of stored foods that causes serious economic losses. Understanding insect nutritional requirements and the effects of different diets on insect development can provide tools for developing strategies to control insect and integrated pest management systems. In this work we studied the performance of the T. castaneum on different plant diets composed of Vigna unguiculata, Phaseolus vulgaris and wheat flours. The diets interfered differentially with development and insect survival. Larvae size was reduced about 60 % in larvae fed with V. unguiculata flour. A delay in pupae formation was also observed. The larval mortality of 100 % was observed in the P. vulgaris diet. Carbohydrate and triglyceride showed variations during development and with different diets. Larvae fed with wheat diets showed a high concentration of carbohydrates 21 days after hatching (DAH) and triglyceride at 15 and 21 DAH. Larvae fed with wheat diets showed α-amylase activity during development. At 15 DAH the activity of larvae fed with V. unguiculata increased about 50 %. Cysteine protease activity in larvae fed with wheat remained high throughout development. Serine protease activity also varied according to diets. These results show that the nutritional state of developing larvae varies greatly with respect to triglycerides, carbohydrate and digestive enzymes depending on the diet and larval stage. Altogether, these results show that changes in dietary nutrients can interfere with insect physiology. Therefore changes in diet composition that may deprive insects of essential nutrients or include toxic compounds might be a good control strategy for stored product pests.     

外源酶对大熊猫日粮营养物质消化率影响的研究

应用外源性复合酶制剂对移地保护大熊猫进行消化试验。结果表明 ,在日粮中添喂 0 15 %或 0 30 %的营养性复合酶或纤维素复合酶均能显著提高大熊猫对日粮各营养物质的消化率 ,其中 ,对日粮粗蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率 ,添喂 0 30 %的营养性复合酶的效果优于添喂 0 15 %水平的营养性复合酶的效果 ;对日粮粗脂肪的消化率 ,添喂 0 15 %水平的营养性复合酶的效果优于添喂 0 30 %水平的效果 ;大熊猫对日粮纤维素、半纤维素、NDF、ADF的消化率 ,添喂纤维素复合酶的效果极显著 ,而且 ,随添喂水平的提高 (0 15 %～ 0 30 % ) ,其日粮纤维素等物质的消化率亦随之显著提高 ;添喂营养性复合酶 ,纤维素等物质也获得了良好的助消化作用。     

富硒虫草新型饲料的制备

为了研发一种富硒新型发酵饲料,试验采用蛹虫草培养残基及富硒黄粉虫作为原料,加以豆粕、生物饲料发酵剂进行发酵。通过对饲料中各营养成分含量的测定,确定制备的新型饲料配方为:90g蛹虫草培养残基,10g黄豆豆粕和10g富硒黄粉虫(硒含量为0.3mg/kg),生物饲料发酵剂含量100mg/kg。试验数据表明,饲料中硒、粗蛋白、粗纤维、总磷、铜、水分含量均符合猪饲料国家标准含量,且保留了一定量的蛹虫草活性物质(虫草多糖含量为28.47mg/g,虫草酸含量为19.37mg/g),在饲料工业、养殖业领域均有广阔的应用前景和经济价值。     

尾巨桉不同器官热值影响因素研究

对广东廉江石岭林场5年生尾巨桉不同器官的燃烧特性因子、物质组成成分和营养元素等指标进行了研究,并做了相关性分析。结果表明:5种器官去灰分热值在18.57~21.09 kJ·g~(-1)间,排序为叶片树枝树根树干树皮;去灰分热值和干质量热值、灰分相关显著,和粗纤维、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、全氮都显著相关,尾巨桉不同器官的热值受其物质成分及营养元素的影响。