乐东拟单性木兰培育技术

根据乐东拟单性木兰的育苗实践,观察其生长规律,总结出一套乐东拟单性木兰芽苗的移栽技术及快速培育优质壮苗技术。     

乐东拟单性木兰容器大苗培育技术研究

研究了基质配比、基肥种类和施肥量、容器规格对3年生乐东拟单性木兰(Parakmeria lotungensis)容器大苗生长的影响,结果表明:乐东拟单性木兰容器大苗对不同基质配比的生长反应差异很大,以珍珠岩为主的配比基质容器苗生长表现最优,以沤制后谷壳为主的轻基质苗木生长较好;不同基肥种类及施肥量对容器苗生长影响显著,施用爱贝斯长效缓释肥(N:P:K=18:18:8)的容器苗生长表现最好;容器规格对乐东拟单性木兰容器苗生长影响显著,容器规格的增大可显著促进苗高和地径生长。从苗木质量和育苗成本等因素综合考虑,乐东拟单性木兰轻基质容器大苗优良培养方案为:基质配比(体积比)为泥炭:黄泥:谷壳=2:3:5,基质中施用3.0 kg/m3爱贝斯长效缓释肥,无纺布容器规格为D×H=30 cm×30 cm。     

不同基质对乐东拟单性木兰容器苗生长的影响

将乐东拟单性木兰芽苗移栽到装有5种不同配方基质的容器中,通过对其1年生容器苗的成活率、株高、地径、叶片中叶绿素含量进行定期测定,研究不同基质中乐东拟单性木兰1年生容器苗的生长特性。结果表明:乐东拟单性木兰苗在5种不同基质中的成活率及株高、地径生长量均有极显著性差异。在黄土∶泥炭土∶珍珠岩(4∶2∶1)基质中的乐东拟单性木兰容器苗成活率最高,达98%;在泥炭土基质中的成活率最低,仅为65%。在5种基质中,以黄土∶泥炭土∶珍珠岩∶磷肥(8∶4∶2∶1)为基质的1年生容器苗株高、地径、叶片中叶绿素含量均为最大。     

乐东拟单性木兰育苗与造林技术

文章介绍了乐东拟单性木兰的生物学特性、采种育苗技术、造林技术及主要病虫害防治方法等,为乐东拟单性木兰人工造林提供技术指导。     

乐东拟单性木兰育苗技术初探

乐东拟单性木兰为福建省濒危珍贵树种,2002年开始在顺昌县进行采种和育苗试验。针对乐东拟单性木兰的生物学特性,提出种子的贮藏、催芽、播种和苗期管理等技术,其3年生的幼林,保存率高,生长良好。     

乐东拟单性木兰地理种源变异与选择研究

对乐东拟单性木兰14个种源种子、苗期以及幼林期生长性状进行了调查分析.结果表明:种子千粒质量、苗高、地径、叶长和叶宽等5个性状在种源间差异极显著;造林保存率种源间差异显著,来自北部的种源,如浙江龙泉种源保存率较高,而来自南部的海南尖峰岭种源保存率较低;幼林期4年生树高、5年生树高和胸径、6年生树高和胸径等5个主要生长性状种源间差异均达到极显著水平,其生长性状广义遗传力为0.855～0.930,说明乐东拟单性木兰幼林期主要生长性状的表型差异主要受遗传因素的控制;乐东拟单性木兰苗高和地径与纬度负相关,表明随种源纬度的升高,乐东拟单性木兰种源苗期生长有减小趋势;乐东拟单性木兰幼林期树高和胸径与经度正相关,与纬度极显著正相关.根据乐东拟单性木兰种源幼林期试验结果,选择出浙江龙泉、福建顺昌和湖南新宁3个优良种源.通过聚类分析,把乐东拟单性木兰种源初步划分为3个区:西部种源区、东部种源区和南部种源区.     

泉州森林公园马尾松低产林套种乐东拟单性木兰效应研究

根据沿海森林公园早期种植的马尾松人工林密度大,产量低,景观差的特点,在对马尾松林进行郁闭度划分的基础上,选择乐东拟单性木兰在不同郁闭度马尾松林下种植,开展了马尾松低产林套种改造试验,以裸地种植乐东拟单性木兰为对照。结果表明：随着马尾松林郁闭度的增大,乐东拟单性木兰的生长量下降,裸地种植的乐东拟单性木兰生长最快。土壤结构和肥力状况以裸地种植乐东拟单性木兰土壤最好。沿海地区马尾松林下种植乐东拟单性木兰应先对马尾松进行较大强度疏伐,增加林内透光度,以提高林下乐东拟单性木兰种植的成活率和生长量。     

乐东拟单性木兰育苗试验初报

通过对乐东拟单性木兰种子进行贮藏和育苗试验研究,结果表明:乐东拟单性木兰种子通过干藏和砂藏均能发芽,干藏苗圃平均发芽率46.0%,砂藏优于干藏,达51.0%;1年苗高、地径交替出现4个生长高峰;苗木生长较快,1年苗平均地径0.46cm,平均高11.5cm,2年苗平均地径1.10cm,平均高85cm,2.5年平均苗地径1.70cm,平均高136cm,4年苗平均地径3.90cm,平均米径2.5cm,平均高252cm。     

乐东拟单性木兰苗木生长特性和育苗技术

对乐东拟单性木兰的自然分布特点、种子采收、种子调制、种子贮藏、圃地选择、苗圃整地、播种技术，病虫害防治等方面进行了总结。对浙江宁波乐东拟单性木兰一年生实生苗生长特性进行了调查，并从年生长周期的角度分别介绍了不同生长发育阶段的特点及相对应的主要技术要求。     

乐东拟单性木兰引种栽培初探

对2003年引进的乐东拟单性木兰实生苗,在浙江省湖州市进行小面积栽培试验,结果表明,乐东拟单性木兰在湖州地区生长表现正常,平均年高生长量123.8 cm,生长高峰期为5 ～ 9月,平均年粗生长量1.61 cm,生长高峰期为6 ～ 10月.     

丘陵山地皂角嫩枝扦插试验

山皂角用种子繁殖易产生高矮不齐、径粗大小不匀的实生苗后代,而采用优良种源的插条进行扦插而育出的无性苗,能保持优良母株优良性状,苗木整齐度较好。采用优树穗材,用外源植物激素作为生根剂,扦插形成愈伤组织率达93.6%,生根率达到88.4%,获得了较好的育苗效果。     

Towards a DNA marker assisted seed source identification: a pilot study in European beech (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Fagus sylvatica</Emphasis> L.)

The widespread European forest tree Fagus sylvatica L. is of great importance for forest management. However, information about seed dispersal is still very rare, though important for harvesting strategies and later on seed source identification. We refined a DNA fingerprinting method for beech nut shells in order to directly assign dispersed seeds to their mother trees. A pilot study was conducted in two beech stands in Germany where leaves of the adult trees and the exocarp of dispersed seeds were fingerprinted at six nSSR loci. While one stand was randomly analysed for adults and dispersed seeds the other was systematically investigated following common harvesting procedures. Imitating the typical net harvesting strategy, seeds were collected beneath 19 adult trees. Exocarp genotyping revealed that on average three different mother trees contributed to a sample of five or six seeds collected beneath a single adult tree. Of the identified mother trees most were located within a radius of 15 m from the sampling point. The repeated pattern of seed dispersal within a short distance constitutes the basis for a straightforward strategy for the assignment of seed lots to a seed source stand. This strategy is based on the matching of individual genotypes without the necessity for a full inventory of the putative source stand. Additionally, we provide allelic ladders of five nSSR loci for standardization among laboratories.     

Critical night length for bud set and its variation in two photoperiodic ecotypes of Betula pendula

We studied the variation in critical night length for bud set in two photoperiodic ecotypes (two latitudinally distant stands) of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in three phytotron experiments. Seeds from 21 open-pollinated mother trees in a southern (Tuusula, 60 degrees N) and a northern (Kittil?, 67 degrees N) Finnish stand were germinated and grown for 4 weeks in a 24-h photoperiod in a greenhouse and then moved to different night length treatments at 18 degrees C for 4 to 6 weeks. Night lengths from 5 to 8.5 h were used for southern origin seedlings and from 1 to 4.5 h for northern origin seedlings. At the end of the treatments, apical bud set was observed and the percentage of seedlings with bud set calculated for each treatment and tree progeny. The critical night lengths (CNL) for 50% bud set were determined separately for seedlings from each mother tree by regression analysis. In both ecotypes, the mean percentage of seedlings with bud set was lowest for the shortest night lengths and increased rapidly as night lengths increased. Mean CNL with its 95% confidence interval for the southern and northern ecotypes was 6.3 +/- 0.2 and 3.1 +/- 0.3 h, respectively. The CNL of the two ecotypes differed significantly in three experiments. Within-ecotype variance of the CNL was significantly higher in the northern ecotype (0.484) than in the southern ecotype (0.150). Significant differences in CNL were detected between individual mother trees of the southern ecotype, but not between mother trees of the northern ecotype. The ranking of individual mother trees, based on CNL, differed in the three experiments.     

红豆树优良单株子代苗期生长差异分析

对所选择的12个红豆树优良单株进行苗期生长测定,结果表明:优良单株的子代生长效应能明显显示其母本的优良性状特征;其中,优良单株依次为优株4、优株3、优株6、优株8、优株12、优株10、优株2、优株7、优株5,增长率分别为62.1%、34.7%、30.7%、24.2%、20.7%、19.3%、16.9%、8.5%、7.0%.红豆树优良单株子代的地径、苗高、幅度宽度、枝角等性状的广义遗传力分别为8.9%、20.0%、34.9%、13.9%.     

A stochastic spatial regeneration model for Pinus sylvestris

A simulation model of pine regeneration is presented, based on earlier models and research for natural regeneration of Scots pine in Finland. The model is stochastic, reflecting the unpredictable variation in regeneration results observed in nature. Geographic area, site and stand characteristics and soil preparation affect the simulated regeneration result. The model predicts the amount and quality of seed crop, germination and predation of seeds, and survival and growth of seedlings. The effect of parent trees on seed dispersal, and growth and survival of seedlings is accounted for. At the stand level, the model gives results similar to empirical measurements. The simulation example provided illustrates the effect of density and spatial distribution of the parent tree stand on the regeneration result.     

松材线虫病抗性马尾松苗木的选育

营建现地测定林在松材线虫抗性育种过程中是一项非常重要的部分,分析测定林的生长特性及受害情况能够指导抗性种子园的改良.阐述了采种母树、播种育苗、人工接种测定、测定苗木选拔以及营建测定林.经二次测定后的苗木抗性水平均超过火炬松,4 a生树高年生长量为56 cm,根径、胸高直径等均优于普通马尾松,目前没有出现枯死个体.     

不同盐分胁迫对美洲红树耐盐性和耐旱性的影响

为了提高树木对干旱、盐碱环境的适应性,苗木时期人为制造一定程度的不良环境,锻炼苗木对不良环境的适应能力,从而提高造林后林分的效益和稳定性。该试验分为前处理和本处理,前处理设淡水区、1/2海水区(含盐1.7%)和海水区(含盐3.4%),生长45 d后,进行本处理,统一用含盐浓度7%的盐水进行浇灌。结果表明:经过前处理的1/2海水区中生长的苗木其叶、茎、根的生长量均超过淡水区中生长的苗木。说明一定程度的耐盐锻炼能够增强苗木对盐碱、干旱环境的适应能力。     

Mechanizsed microsite preparation and direct seeding of Pinus sylvestris in boreal forests — a way to create desired spacing at low cost

The main objective of this study was to examine the cost, flexibility, and appropriate scale of mechanized microsite preparation (MP), in combination with mechanical direct seeding of Pinus sylvestris L. with orchard seed. This technique was tested at four boreal forest sites in Northern Sweden. Orchard and stand seeds were sown with and without MP. The use of orchard seed increased seedling establishment by 41% and the use of MP increased seedling establishment by 47%, respectively, after two years. The best substrates for sowing when using MP were OA_h-, E- and BC-horizon, in ranked order. The use of orchard seed compared to stand seed increased mean seedling height by 25% after four years. These trials suggest that to obtain a density of 5,000 stems ha^-1 four years after seeding, 61,000 viable stand seeds or 41,000 orchard seeds ha^-1 should be sown if MP is not used. If MP is used, seeding rate could be reduced by about 32%. By using MP, and by further improving scarification technique so that all scarified area is thin OA_h-horizon, we predict that only 32,000 stand seeds or 22,000 orchard seeds ha^-1, i.e., half the dosage, should be needed. Under these optimal conditions, it would be necessary to sow about six and four germinable stand and orchard seeds, respectively, to ensure one seedling after four years. Furthermore, regeneration cost would be less than a third that of planting.     

不同盐分胁迫对美洲红树耐盐性和耐早性的影响

为了提高树木对干旱、盐碱环境的适应性，苗木时期人为制造一定程度的不良环境，饭炼苗木时不良环境的适应能力，从而提高造林后林分的效益和稳定性。该试验分为前处理和本处理，前处理设淡水区、1／2海水区（含盐1．7％）和海水区（含盐3．4％），生长45d后，进行本处理，统一用舍盐浓度7％的盐水进行浇灌。结果表明：经过前处理的1／2海水区中生长的苗禾其叶、茎、根的生长量均超过淡水区中生长的苗木。说明一定程度的耐盐饿炼能够增强苗木对盐碱、干旱环境的适应能力。