一例疑似高致病性猫杯状病毒感染病例的诊治

对一例有四肢水肿破溃、打喷嚏等症状的猫进行了X光、血常规、血生化以及杯状病毒PCR等实验室检查,并结合患猫的临床症状进行分析,初步诊断为疑似高致病性猫杯状病毒感染。经过一个月左右的对症和支持治疗后,患猫康复出院。本文总结本病例的诊治过程,旨在为临床兽医提供一定参考。     

猫疱疹病毒和猫泛白细胞减少症病毒混合感染的诊断

猫细小病毒、猫杯状病毒和猫疱疹病毒是小动物临床诊疗中较为常见的传染性病毒,多发于幼龄动物,在多猫环境中极易出现交叉感染。论文所述为8只成年猫组成的多猫家庭,其中1只猫因尿闭,于医院输液1周后出现打喷嚏、流鼻涕等呼吸道症状,回家后次日其余7只猫均出现类似症状。之后,病情进一步发展为高热、呕吐以致食欲废绝,在外院先后被诊断为猫传染性鼻支气管炎或猫杯状病毒感染,在1只猫出现死亡后来中国农业大学动物医院就诊。结合病史、临床症状及血常规、猫三联抗体、猫细小病毒荧光定量PCR等检查结果,最终确诊为猫疱疹病毒和猫瘟病毒混合感染。     

西安地区猫杯状病毒流行病学调查与分析

为了解猫杯状病毒(FCV)感染的发生与性别、年龄、品种等的相关性，本调查对来西北农林科技大学西安动物医院就诊经PCR检测诊断为FCV感染的病例，以及院外送检样品经PCR检测为FCV阳性的病例，进行信息收集和统计分析。结果显示，FCV好发于雄性家养猫，小于1周岁的幼猫发病率最高，一年四季均可发生，出现眼鼻分泌物是本病最常见的临床症状，血常规检查以单核细胞升高为主。FCV患猫的这些流行病学特征为FCV感染的诊疗提供借鉴。     

一例猫杯状病毒和支原体混合感染的诊断与治疗

1只5岁雄性英国短毛猫，就诊前一星期连续出现打喷嚏、流浓稠鼻涕、呼吸不畅等症状，并拒绝饮食，就诊当天表现为口腔黏膜苍白、颜面轻微溃烂。经血常规检查、生化检查、猫呼吸道五联荧光定量PCR检测，患猫确诊为猫杯状病毒与猫支原体混合感染。根据诊断结果对症治疗，通过分泌物清理、点眼滴鼻、全身抗菌消炎以及抗病毒治疗，同时加强营养供给，连续半个月后，患猫面部溃烂逐渐结痂恢复，血液各项相关指标逐渐回归到正常水平，贫血状况明显好转，呼吸道病原学检测全部转为阴性。     

1例猫瘟的诊断与治疗

文章介绍1例猫瘟的诊断与治疗。患猫出现呕吐、拉稀等症状,采用临床检查、猫瘟病毒抗原快速检测试纸及血常规检查确诊,对患猫进行对症治疗、抗病毒治疗、抗菌治疗结合预后治疗。结果显示,患猫经治疗后,第5 d不再呕吐,体温恢复正常,第7 d粪便正常,后续恢复良好。     

一例猫脂肪肝的诊治

1只名叫pipi的8岁家养橘猫就诊前一段时间精神状态差，食欲减退，不愿活动，牙龈、耳朵内侧皮肤、眼结膜黄染。为了对该猫所患疾病进行诊治，进行了血常规、血液生化、B超、组织病理学等检查。血常规结果显示患猫白细胞升高，提示有炎性反应；血液生化结果显示患猫体内丙氨酸氨基转移酶和碱性磷酸酶活性升高到正常参考值2倍以上，总胆红素升高，提示肝脏细胞代谢紊乱；B超结果显示患猫肝脏弥散性强回声和超声波束衰减，提示存在肝脏问题；肝组织样本经diff-quik染色后，镜检可见肝细胞因胞浆被大小不一的清亮空泡占据而膨大，细胞核被挤在一边，肝细胞难以辨认，这种细胞形态变化提示猫脂肪肝。根据主诉、临床检查，综合上述检查结果，患猫被确诊为猫脂肪肝。后续通过采取输液、输血和相应药物治疗措施，并辅以饲喂皇家猫奶糕罐头和巅峰鸡肉配方猫罐头，患猫预后良好。     

猫杯状病毒抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

将构建的猫杯状病毒(Feline Calicivirus,FCV)衣壳蛋白VP1重组表达质粒转化感受态细胞,以表达的FCV-VP1蛋白作为包被抗原,以酶标记的兔抗猫IgG作为二抗,建立检测猫杯状病毒抗体的间接ELISA检测方法。确定了最佳封闭液、最佳血清稀释液、最佳酶标二抗稀释液,当酶标记的兔抗猫IgG效价为1∶20 000时可以检出猫杯状病毒血清抗体。利用本实验室建立的检测方法对收集的96份临床血清进行检测,结果表明96份猫血清中检测出40份阳性。     

圈养白化孟加拉虎感染猫杯状病毒的诊断和防治

长沙生态动物园步行区虎馆圈养的3只白化孟加拉虎相继发生以精神沉郁、采食困难、流涎、口腔溃疡等为主要特征的传染疾病。采集病虎分泌物(唾液),使用猫杯状病毒(Feline calicivirus,FCV)快速检测试剂盒检测,结果显示阳性,初步确诊为猫杯状病毒感染。通过抗病毒、抗继发感染、维持电解质和酸碱平衡等治疗后病虎康复痊愈。     

猫杯状病毒及疾病诊疗研究进展

猫杯状病毒是杯状病毒科的成员之一,是猫科动物的一种重要病原,也可以作为研究诺如病毒的替代模型。该病毒呈世界性分布,对猫及其他猫科动物的健康造成了巨大的威胁。对猫杯状病毒的检测主要依靠实验室手段,无特异性的治疗药物,现有疫苗不能对所有毒株产生免疫保护。论文就猫杯状病毒及其疾病的诊疗方法研究现状进行综述,为该病毒及相关疾病的研究提供参考。     

1例猫瘟的诊断及治疗

1例流浪猫通过结合病史、临床症状、胶体金检测板、血常规及血清淀粉样蛋白A (SAA)等检查,确诊为猫瘟病毒感染。入院治疗后,实施抗继发感染、促进食欲、纠正脱水、改善电解质平衡、止吐、止泻、恢复肠道正常菌群功能、抗病毒等治疗方案。患猫经过综合治疗5 d后,白细胞和SAA数值均有明显好转,且大便、食欲恢复正常,未出现其他反应,出院后进行口服药物治疗。文章为猫瘟的诊断思路和治疗提供参考。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.