冷积累阶段与单氰胺的交互作用对树莓休眠破除的影响

以树莓品种"费尔杜德"穗条为试材,研究了单氰胺浓度(喷施浓度为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%)和蓄冷阶段(0%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%和100%)的交互作用对树莓休眠脱除的影响。结果表明:在所有浓度处理中,0.5%浓度单氰胺破眠效果最佳,药害表现最轻,当单氰胺浓度≥1.0%时,穗条药害严重;在处理时期上,穗条处于40%冷积累阶段施用0.5%单氰胺破眠效果明显,水培2周后,穗条萌芽率大于50%;当冷积累量超过总需冷量的50%以后,单氰胺处理组萌芽率下降。试验当中,单氰胺的浓度和冷积累的交互作用导致"费尔杜德"穗条萌芽率具有极显著差异(P≤0.001)。     

单氰胺对3个葡萄品种休眠解除生理特性及综合品质的影响

【目的】探究单氰胺处理对不同葡萄生长发育的影响,揭示破眠剂解除葡萄休眠的主要影响因子。【方法】以早黑宝、早霞玫瑰、绍星一号3个葡萄品种为试材,在设施栽培条件下进行破眠剂单氰胺(H2CN2)涂芽处理,以清水处理为对照(CK)。观察单氰胺处理后各品种葡萄冬芽显微结构及其生长发育动态,测定各品种葡萄农艺性状、芽酶活性、叶片光合色素含量及果实外观品质和内在品质等相关生理生化指标,并结合主成分分析与综合评价指数对上述指标进行综合分析。【结果】单氰胺处理促使各品种葡萄萌芽与果实成熟阶段均显著提前,芽组织形态分化发育加快且结构良好,萌芽整齐度与萌芽率以及H2O2含量、POD活性均显著高于对照,而CAT活性显著降低;成熟期叶片的叶绿素b、总叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量显著升高;果实外在品质均与对照无显著差异,而可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、维生素C以及可滴定酸含量等内在品质指标在早黑宝和绍星一号葡萄中得到显著提升。结合主成分分析与综合评价指数,得到各品种葡萄综合品质排序为早黑宝(H2CN2)绍星一号(H2CN2)早黑宝(CK)早霞玫瑰(H2CN2)绍星一号(CK)早霞玫瑰(CK)。【结论】萌芽整齐度、萌芽率、H2O2含量、POD以及CAT活性是单氰胺解除葡萄休眠的主要影响因子;经单氰胺处理后,早黑宝葡萄的综合品质优于早霞玫瑰和绍星一号。     

单氰胺对南方葡萄的催芽试验

春季萌芽前用主要成分为单氰胺的破眠3号涂抹葡萄品种巨峰、巨玫瑰、户太8号、V28、无核早红结果母枝。结果表明:春季采用破眠3号药液催芽萌芽期比对照提早10天左右;成熟期提前15～20天。株产和果实品质均较对照有明显的提高。     

阳光玫瑰葡萄在广西桂林栽培存在的主要问题及应对技术

阳光玫瑰葡萄因其花芽分化好、栽培管理容易、果实品质优良,是近年广西乃至全国重点推广的鲜食葡萄新品种。在桂林市栽培过程中,发现突出存在新梢叶片皱缩、穗形松散、果粒大小不均匀等问题,严重影响阳光玫瑰葡萄品质及栽培效益。本文根据多年生产调查,分析了栽培存在问题的主要原因,提出了应对技术措施,旨在为阳光玫瑰优质高效栽培提供参考。     

CPPU对葡萄不同叶位叶片光合作用及果实品质的影响

不同浓度CPPU对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄不同叶位光合特性及果实品质影响试验结果表明:CPPU可以提高葡萄果实综合品质,增强结果枝上叶片的光合作用,且随着距离果实叶位距离的增加叶片光合作用差异性越小。‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄结果枝的留叶数量为12叶。     

肥料对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄果实品质的影响

本试验以7年生‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄为试材,对甲壳素、优美柯、根多乐及沃益多菌剂等4种不同肥料进行配比,调查其对‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄叶绿素含量、可溶性固形物含量、穗质量、粒质量、果型指数等指标的影响。结果表明,4种肥料组合均能改善‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄的品质,其中优美柯处理的叶片叶绿素含量高于甲壳素处理的,且显著高于对照,表明优美柯能够显著提高‘阳光玫瑰’葡萄叶片叶绿素含量;甲壳素与菌剂配合施用改善葡萄品质的效果优于甲壳素单独施用;增施微生物菌剂的处理能显著降低果实可滴定酸含量;综合果实内在品质与外观品质,常规施肥+优美柯+根多乐+菌剂配方对果实品质改善效果最好,可使果实达到一等果水平。     

负载量对设施栽培的红地球葡萄生长与病害的影响

研究单株不同留果量对日光温室栽培的4年生红地球葡萄生长结果及病害发生的影响。结果表明,单株适宜的留果量为6~8穗。每株留果5穗时,结果枝上副梢的生长量最大;每株留果5穗、8穗的与留11穗的相比,结果枝新梢总长度显著长,新梢成熟充实程度显著高;每株留果11穗的第2年枝的萌芽率明显低,3种留果量处理间枝条生长状况均有显著差异。产量过高,影响树体营养生长,使树势衰弱,病害发生较严重,叶片易老化,影响果实品质。     

北疆温室葡萄夏季单氰胺处理冬芽促二次果试验

2014~2016年分别对新疆兵团设施葡萄生产基地八师石总场的弗雷无核葡萄、149团的87-1葡萄、九师170团的夏黑葡萄进行促二次果试验。结果表明,在第一茬果采收30~35天后修剪,每个结果母枝留6~10个芽,用50%单氰胺破眠剂25倍液涂抹结果母枝顶端2个冬芽芽眼破眠催芽效果最好。葡萄冬芽萌芽率平均为94.2%,第2次果坐果率平均为95.5%,当年11月初成熟上市,可在生产中推广应用。     

阳光玫瑰葡萄无核化处理及配套栽培技术

正阳光玫瑰葡萄,为欧美杂种,2012年引入河南省农科院试验园。该品种为中晚熟品种。果穗圆锥形,带副穗,平均穗质量600~800 g,最大穗质量1 500 g。果粒椭圆形,松散适度,平均粒质量6~8 g,果粒大小均匀一致。果皮绿黄色,完熟可达到金黄色。肉质脆甜爽口,有玫瑰香味,皮薄可食,无涩味。含可溶性固形物18%~22%,最高可达27%。生长势中庸偏旺,花芽分化特好,萌芽率高,结果枝率较高,两年生树平均667 m2产量可达500 kg,丰产性极好。果实成熟后可     

“阳光玫瑰”葡萄花穗整形方式比较研究北大核心

以“阳光玫瑰”葡萄为试材,于花前3 d分别采用留穗尖3 cm、留穗尖5 cm、留穗尖7 cm、留穗中5 cm、留穗中7 cm、留穗中9 cm、留副穗、组合处理(留穗尖5 cm+副穗)、不处理(对照)共9种花穗整形方式,研究其对“阳光玫瑰”葡萄的影响。结果表明,花穗整形长度与果穗长度、果粒数、穗质量呈正相关,与单粒质量、果实纵横径呈负相关。不同花穗处理的果肉硬度基本无显著性差异,但对照的可溶性固形物含量显著低于其他处理,说明花穗整形有利于提高“阳光玫瑰”葡萄果实品质。留穗中处理的果穗短而宽,不符合精品果要求。组合处理因留两穗,营养消耗较大,单独成串效果不佳,但可作为“阳光玫瑰”葡萄萌芽不良时的补救手段。留穗尖3 cm穗质量较小,影响产量。留穗尖7 cm单粒质量较小,影响商品性。综上所述,“阳光玫瑰”葡萄花穗整形宜采用留穗尖5 cm的整形方法。本试验中留副穗与留穗尖5 cm没有显著性差异,也可作为“阳光玫瑰”葡萄的一种花穗整形方式,但应以副穗发育良好为前提。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量