滴施Ca、Zn肥对马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响

为探究钙[Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O]、锌(ZnSO₄·7H₂O)肥滴施对马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响,以新大坪原原种为材料,采用膜下滴灌技术,分别设置3种不同钙、锌施肥量处理。结果表明,钙肥滴施处理的马铃薯产量较高,马铃薯块茎单株大中薯数、单株大中薯质量、单株薯质量均比CK显著增加,其中T1(150 kg·hm^-2)处理产量达67 619.05 kg·hm^-2,马铃薯块茎蛋白质、粗淀粉、锌含量均比CK极显著提高;锌肥滴施处理马铃薯植株生长较好,品质较高,其中T6(45 kg·hm^-2)处理产量达70 555.56 kg·hm^-2,马铃薯块茎钙含量均比CK极显著提高。综合分析,钙肥施入量为150 kg·hm^-2、锌肥施入量为45 kg·hm^-2,马铃薯植株生长期农艺性状较好,块茎产量较高,品质较优。     

钾钙镁对番茄产量与效益的影响试验研究

钾、钙、镁肥的施用能够避免番茄常见的生理性病害筋腐病、脐腐病、叶片泡泡病的发生与危害,在很大程度上改善番茄的商品品质,番茄每亩施用50%硫酸钾50kg的组合,产量明显高于每亩施用50%硫酸钾40kg的组合,但施用钾,钙、镁肥的处理,产量又明显高于一般常规施肥的对照,施用钾、钙、镁肥番茄植株生长势明显强于常规施肥的植株生长势.可见,施用钾、钙、镁肥番茄生长势、抗生理性病害能力明显强于常规施肥的植株,番茄产量也明显的高于常规施肥的番茄,同时避免了番茄生理性病害的发生.     

不同钙肥对口感型番茄品质及脐腐病的影响

以口感型番茄农博粉18109为试验材料,采用设施内土壤栽培方式,共设置A、B 2种试验,A为基肥增施不同类型钙肥试验,B为基肥增施不同类型钙肥+叶面肥试验,研究不同钙肥对番茄品质及脐腐病的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,基肥增施过磷酸钙,番茄的可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量分别增加和显著增加4.81%和8.87%;增施钙镁肥番茄的可溶性固形物、维生素C和可溶性糖含量分别显著增加8.20%、5.95%和8.49%。在配合喷施叶面肥（氨基酸钙）的情况下,与常规施肥相比,基肥增施硝酸钙,番茄果实的可溶性固形物含量显著提高9.23%;增施钙镁肥,番茄果实可溶性固形物、维生素C含量分别显著增加7.58%和7.70%,且裂果数显著降低了77.78%,未发现脐腐病果实,产量显著增加43.82%。此外,与常规施肥相比,基肥增施3种钙肥,显著提高了土壤中水溶性钾含量,配合补充叶面肥,土壤中水溶性钙的含量也分别显著提高131.75%、138.10%、146.03%。综上,选择最优处理B3作为口感型番茄生产中的施肥推荐量。     

桃枝发酵堆肥对平谷大桃产量和品质的影响

以桃枝进行堆肥处理制成的有机肥料为试材,采用3个用量梯度(15 000、30 000、45 000 kg·hm^-2),并与常规有机肥进行比较的方法,研究了桃枝肥作为基肥对大桃产量和品质的影响,以期为该肥料在大桃上的合理施用提供参考依据。结果表明：随着施用年限的增加,15 000 kg·hm^-2桃枝肥用量会导致大桃产量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性固形物含量的下降,30 000 kg·hm^-2和45 000 kg·hm^-2桃枝肥用量的产量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性固形物含量与当地常规有机肥处理无显著差异。45 000 kg·hm^-2桃枝肥用量会导致大桃果实可滴定酸含量的显著增加从而导致糖酸比低于其它处理。不同桃枝肥用量不会影响大桃维生素C含量,但硝酸盐含量会随着用量的增加显著增加。15 000、30 000、45 000 kg·hm^-2 3个用量梯度相比,30 000 kg·hm^-2的产量、品质较为优异,且与当地常规有机肥处理无显著差异。综上所述,...     

硅肥对马铃薯生长发育及产量品质的影响

以克新1号为试材，设置不同硅肥施用量处理进行两年试验，测定马铃薯各器官干物质积累量、产量及品质等指标。结果表明，与未施用硅肥对照相比，施用硅肥处理的马铃薯叶片与块茎干物质积累量均显著提高，根冠比随着硅肥施用量的增加呈现显著上升趋势。在马铃薯产量与品质方面，各硅肥施用量处理均可提高产量及商品薯率，硅肥施用量为45 kg·hm^-2时较对照两年平均增产29.95%，商品薯率增加5.5百分点；施用量为75 kg·hm-2时较对照两年平均增产57.01%，商品薯率增加8.8百分点。块茎淀粉含量随硅肥施用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势，还原糖含量则显著下降。综上，硅肥施用量为75 kg·hm^-2时对马铃薯产量以及商品薯率的提高效果最为明显，而马铃薯块茎相关品质指标在硅肥施用量为45 kg·hm^-2时较优。     

有机肥替代对设施番茄产量、品质与土壤性质的影响

探索适合设施番茄的有机肥替代最佳方案,通过田间试验,分析不同处理对设施番茄产量、品质及土壤性质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,单施有机肥产量仅提升了3.5%,但品质提升显著;单施化肥产量显著高于对照和纯有机肥处理,但品质无显著变化;化肥用量相同、有机肥用量不高于75 t·hm^-2时,产量增长有限,用量达120 t·hm^-2时,产量较对照提升了28.4%;有机肥用量相同条件下减施化肥,产量先升后降。试验后土壤无机氮含量下降,对照和纯有机肥处理无机氮含量明显低于其他处理,施化肥处理间差异不明显。可见,化肥提升产量效果优于有机肥,有机肥改善品质效果优于化肥,85%优化化肥(N-P2O5-K2O:459-191.25-510 kg·hm^-2)配施75 t·hm^-2有机肥各指标均较理想,是适宜设施番茄栽培的施肥量。     

土施镁肥对设施番茄生理特性及钾、钙养分吸收的影响

以番茄为试材,采用不施镁肥为对照（CK）,设置15、30、45、60 kg·hm^-2 4个镁肥处理（分别记作Mg-1、Mg-2、Mg-3和Mg-4）,研究施用镁肥对番茄生长、生理生化特性及钾、钙、镁养分吸收的影响,以期为设施条件下蔬菜养分综合调控和利用提供参考依据。结果表明：1)Mg-2处理株高显著低于其它处理,其较CK低12.75%,但叶面积较大;叶片生物量中Mg-2最大,其较CK和Mg-4平均增加54.67%。2)Mg-1、Mg-2处理净光合速率、蒸腾速率较CK分别平均增高30.85%、29.58%,各处理胞间CO₂浓度较CK平均增高52.09%;Mg-1、Mg-2、Mg-3处理间超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性无差异。但Mg-1处理显著高于CK和Mg-4处理,丙二醛（MDA）与之相反;过氧化物酶（POD）活性随施镁量增加逐渐增强。3)番茄整株镁、钾、钙养分吸收量相比,Mg-1、Mg-2、Mg-3均高于CK和Mg-4处理,但三者间并无显著差异,番茄叶片镁、钾间和钾、钙间存在显著正相关关系。由此可见,石灰性土壤施用镁肥能够促进番茄生长、光合参数...     

不同水肥用量对梨树枝条及果实生长量的影响

以嫁接五年生香梨树为试材，采用单因素试验，结合滴灌施肥法，研究不同氮肥施用量(N1(10 kg·hm^-2),N2(15 kg·hm^-2),N3(20 kg·hm^-2),N4(25 kg·hm^-2),N5(30 kg·hm^-2))、磷肥施用量(P1(5 kg·hm^-2),P2(10 kg·hm^-2),P3(15 kg·hm^-2),P4(20 kg·hm^-2),P5(25 kg·hm^-2))、灌水量(W1(6 240 m³·hm^-2),W2(6 720 m³·hm^-2),W3(7 200 m³·hm^-2),W4(7 680 m³·hm^-2),W5(8 160 m³·hm^...     

宝鸡地区设施番茄脐腐病发病原因及防治

为了更好地防治宝鸡地区设施番茄脐腐病,介绍了其设施番茄脐腐病发生概况,并分析了发病原因,如供钙量不足,土壤干旱,氮、钾、镁等供给量过大,盐害,温湿度不适宜,缺硼导致果实出现脐腐等;并结合实际提出了选用抗病品种、加强肥水管理、补充钙肥、适当喷施硼肥、合理控制棚内温湿度等综合防治措施。     

硫酸钾钙镁肥在辣椒上的施用效果

为探明硫酸钾钙镁肥在辣椒上的施用效果,以辣椒品种‘海椒309’为试材,研究了4种施肥水平对辣椒的生长、品质、产量及土壤养分的影响。结果表明,667 m~2施100 kg硫酸钾钙镁肥处理的平均单果质量达59.9 g,显著高于667 m~2施25 kg硫酸钾钙镁肥处理和对照;果径和果肉方面,667 m~2施肥50 kg硫酸钾钙镁肥处理的效果达到最佳,果实纵横径分别为39.90、0.44 mm,分别比对照提高了5.0%和12.8%;在品质方面,667 m~2施75 kg硫酸钾钙镁肥处理的辣椒维生素C和可溶性糖含量达到最大,分别比对照高出7.6%和20.5%;耐贮性方面,采摘后20 d,施用了硫酸钾钙镁肥的所有处理商品果率均显著高于对照,其中商品果率最高的处理是667 m~2施25 kg硫酸钾钙镁肥,为44.73%,比对照高10.12%;提升土壤养分方面,667 m~2施100 kg硫酸钾钙镁肥处理的土壤交互性钙含量(ω,后同)提高最多,达1 851.3 mg·kg~(-1),高出试验前土壤2.4倍,其他处理土壤养分均有不同程度提高;产量方面,667 m~2施100 kg硫酸钾钙镁肥处理的产量最高,达2 382.00 kg,与对照相比增产23.95%。硫酸钾钙镁肥不仅有助于提高辣椒果实单果质量、果长、果肉厚、维生素C含量和可溶性糖含量,而且对于提高辣椒耐贮性和提升土壤养分含量也有一定作用。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量