杨木厚单板连续热压干燥的研究

研究了以导热油作载热体，采用高温（１７０℃）连续热压干燥的方法，干燥美洲黑杨厚单板。可在４ｍｉｎ内，将３ｍｍ厚的生材单板干至５．１％的终含水率。干单板平整、光滑、终含水率均匀，无撕裂。单板厚度干缩率平均为６．８％，高于网带传送对流干燥的单板３．３％；横纹于缩率４．８％，低于对流干燥的单板７．９％。研究结果表明，此法干燥速生杨木单板是可行的，用此厚单板压制的单板层积材（ＬＶＬ）已出日到日本。     

导热油加热的连续热压干燥机干燥速生杨单板的应用研究

导热油作载热体,在速生杨木单板连续式热压干燥中应用后,效果良好。美洲黑杨生材单板(名义厚度1．7mm)可在2min内于至8％以下的含水率。干单板基本平整、光滑,终含水率均匀,无撕裂。单板厚度干缩率平均5．3％,横纹干缩率4.9％。胶合强度平均0．812MPa,略高于网带对流干燥单板胶合强度0．779MPa。研究结果表明,此法干燥速生杨木单板是可行的。     

热油炉供热在木材单板干燥机上的应用

热油炉供热在木材单板干燥机上的应用陈纪均（吉林敦化林业机械厂敦化１３３７００）张福源（黑龙江东京城林业局人造板厂）木材旋切单板是胶合板、细木工板、贴面板的半成品。旋切湿单板干燥后最终的含水率多少，直接影响人造板产品和成本。目前，国内木材单板干燥基本上...     

分析单板干燥规律 完善单板干燥机的设计

１ 木材含水特性及单板干燥规律 木材中所含的水分可分为两部分。一部分存在于木纤维中，称为吸附水；当木纤维吸附水达到饱和后，再多余的水就存在于细胞腔中，这种水称自由水。当吸附水刚刚达到饱和，而无自由水时，木材的含水率称为临界含水率。不同树种的临界含水率各不相同，一般都在２５％～３５％之间。临界含水率是影响木材物理、力学性质的临界线。试验证明，当木材含水率小于临界含水率时，木材强度也随之明显变化：含水率越低，木材强度越高；反之，木材强度越低。单板干燥的目的就是通过加热方式，强制蒸发掉单板中的水分，降低…     

用高含水率单板制造胶合板

80年代，人们曾研究试验用含水率16％～18％的单板压制胶合板，提高了易翘曲开裂的南方木材（枫香、荷木）的表板出材率和等级率，取得了一定效果。但用含水率高达20％以上的单板制造胶合板的方法，则是近年来才研究并应用于生产。这种工艺方法在甫方地区使用国产材的中小型厂家应用后主要是解决了单板干燥的薄弱环节，节约了能源，提高了单板干燥速度。尤其适合于以自然干燥为主的作业方式。1材料与方法1.1单板含水率范围表板（进口材国内加工）含水率14％以下，芯板。中板（国产混合阔叶材）含水率为16％～21％和22％～26％两种类型。1.2…     

杨木单板连续式热压干燥的研究

本文以生长在苏北地区的美洲黑杨单板（名义厚度１．７ｍｍ）为试材,在连续式热压干燥机上进行了生产型试验研究,采用高温导热油为载热体,热板温度１９２℃,热板压力０．０９ＭＰａ（前段）至０．１８ＭＰａ（后段）。研究结果表明：采用高温连续式热压干燥的方式辅以适当的“呼吸”周期,可在２ｍｉｎ内将生材单板（初含水率１４９％）干至８％以下的终含水率。干单板基本平整、光滑,终含水率均匀,无撕裂。单板厚度干缩率平均５．３％,横纹干缩率４．９％。胶合强度平均０．８１２ＭＰａ略高于网带对流干燥的０．７７９ＭＰａ,结果说明此法干燥人工林场木单板是可行的。     

蒸汽锅炉排烟余热在木材干燥窑中的利用

木材在深加工过程中,必须首先进行人工干燥。但是人工干燥费用较高,约占整个木材加工费用的60%—70％左右。而木材干燥费用主要取决于燃料费用的高低,因而降低木材干燥成本,除采用正确的干燥基准和先进的窑型之外,主要还要解决热源问题。苇河林业局贮木加工厂需新增1台2t/h蒸汽锅炉,并想利用蒸汽锅炉的排烟余热做为木材干燥窑的热源。黑龙江省林产工业研究所经科学论证后进行了研究、设计,于1989年7月开始试运转和试验,并对主要性能进行了检测。     

热压式单板干燥机组热效率测试

胶合板生产过程中，单板干燥消耗的热量最多，在先进国家大约占 ６０％～７０％，而在我国约占 ８０％［１］。我国传统的单板干燥设备为网带式和滚筒式干燥机，且以网带式为主（约占 ７０％）。传统的单板干燥方式不仅能耗高，而且干燥后的单板平整度差，含水率分布不均匀，用于干燥速生材单板尤其明显。 热压干燥则适于干燥初含水率分布不均，变形大，易破碎的单板，如干燥杨木、泡桐等速生材的单板。随着速生材在我国工业用材中的比例逐年增加，热压干燥将是一种有发展前途的单板干燥技术。国家“九五”科技攻关期间，南京林业大学主持研…     

单板干燥过程的热力学研究进展

在胶合板和单板层积材的生产过程中,单板干燥是一个重要的步骤。为了系统理解和改进单板的干燥工艺,文中从单板干燥机在干燥过程中的能量分析以及单板在干燥过程中所发生的传热传质现象2个方面对单板干燥过程中的热力学现象进行了综述,明确这2方面的热力学分析可以优化单板干燥机能量的利用、提高单板的干燥质量,并对单板干燥过程的热力学分析领域今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

用废单板生产胶合板的方法

用废单板生产胶合板的方法本发明是一种用废单板生产胶合板的方法，它主要由废单板干燥、涂胶、组坯、热压、锯边、砂光工序完成。本发明可大幅度提高木材利用率，简化生产工序，产出的胶合板强度≥０．７ＭＰ＿ａ，含水率≤１２％，生产成本低，具有明显的社会效益和经济...     

浅谈蒸汽锅炉管道的焊接

作者较详细的介绍了蒸汽锅炉管道焊接的全部过程和在焊接过程中经常遇到(或出现)的主要技术问题及安全注意事项。     

蒸汽爆破预处理对柞木地板坯料干燥速率的影响

对柞木地板坯料进行了压力为0.25、0.4和0.55 MPa的蒸汽爆破预处理,并与未处理的对照材进行对比.结果认为:前者干燥速度分别提高了13.6%、27.3%和36.4%.蒸汽爆破预处理的压力越大,干燥速度提高的越多;在设定的试验压力范围内,柞木试材的力学强度未受影响.     

采后处理方式对五倍子品质的影响

对比了蒸汽烫漂(SB)和沸水浸烫(BWB)2种预处理方式对新鲜五倍子的影响,以及经过预处理后分别采用烘箱干燥(OD)、流化床干燥(FBD)、自然干燥(ND)和紫外光辐照(UVI)4种干燥方式所得五倍子产品的品质。对干燥速率及产品指标的分析结果表明:预处理后五倍子含水率和单宁酸含量均有所降低,尤其是蒸汽烫漂后,含水率降为47.68%,与未处理五倍子含水率(55.77%)呈显著性差异;加热处理会使五倍子干燥产品中单宁酸的含量降低而没食子酸的含量增加,自然干燥的五倍子单宁酸质量分数在50.12%~56.84%之间,没食子酸质量分数在0.29%~0.46%之间,而烘箱干燥后五倍子中单宁酸质量分数仅为32.48%~42.43%,没食子酸质量分数高达2.97%~4.39%;不同采后处理方式对产品品质有不同的影响,沸水浸烫或蒸汽烫漂与紫外光辐照相结合可提高五倍子的干燥速率,且对产品单宁酸含量影响较小;烘箱和流化床干燥可将干燥时间降为5 h以内,但所得五倍子产品中单宁酸质量分数显著降低,均在32%~43%之间;沸水浸烫或蒸汽烫漂后自然干燥能保证单宁酸的结构最接近原始状态,但干燥时间高达200 h以上;所以可根据实际的操作条件和后续的应用选择五倍子的采后处理方式。工业化五倍子的采后处理因更注重干燥效率,以蒸汽烫漂预处理辅之以流化床干燥方式为佳。     

Microwave and steam injection drying of CO2 laser incised Sugi lumber

To investigate the effect of CO₂ laser incising under five drying methods on drying characteristics of Sugi lumber, the squares (120 mm × 120 mm) of Sugi lumber with length of 650 mm were used. A half of samples were incised by CO₂ laser with incising density of 2,500 holes/m². Five types of drying methods were used: microwave drying, steam injection drying, and three combinations of microwave heating and steam injection drying. Steam injection drying was conducted by injecting superheated steam of 120 °C through a perforated plate heated to 140 °C of an injection press. Microwave was irradiated with the power of 3 kW at frequency of 2.45 GHz. The results indicated that incising helps heat through a specimen and thus the whole temperature raised rapidly, which was up to threefolds compared to that of no-incised one. Incised specimens dried by a combination of microwave heating for 1 h and steam injection showed the highest drying rate, which was up to 5.3 %/h. Incising and microwave heating contributed positively to dry lumber under more uniform distribution of moisture content and to reduce surface and internal checks. Incised specimen dried by microwave showed the most uniform distribution of moisture content without surface and internal checks.     

Effect of steam pretreatment on wood moisture content and characteristics of vacuum drying

The effects of high temperature steam pretreatment on the change in wood moisture content (MC) and characteristics of vacuum drying were investigated in this study. Poplar and manchurian walnut woods were pretreated with high temperature steam at 100°C and 140°C, prior to vacuum drying. A comparison of the characteristics of vacuum drying between steam pretreated wood and untreated wood was carried out. The results show that during steam pretreatment, the MC of wood decreased within a few hours. The reduction of MC varied with the temperature; the higher the temperature, the faster the MC dropped. During the vacuum drying stage, the rates of drying of pretreated samples were higher than those of untreated samples when MC was below the fiber saturation point. Furthermore, the total drying time of samples treated at a steam temperature of 140°C was lower than that of untreated samples. Therefore, a vacuum procedure after steam pretreatment can effectively shorten the drying time when drying wood.     

荷木厚板材干燥工艺的探索

木荷 (Schimasuperba)是我国长江以南常见的硬阔叶材之一。荷木纹理细腻优美、色泽柔和、木材纹理斜或交错、力学强度高、易于机械加工、切削面光滑、油漆和胶接性能良好 (成俊卿 ,1985 )。在建材、装饰行业中 ,非常广泛使用此木材 ,如 :生产实木地板、实木家具等。但荷木的初含水率极高 ,生材的含水率一般均在10 0 %左右 ,福建众多的民营企业 ,大都采用自然干燥或简易的窑干。因此 ,荷木厚板材干燥不均匀 ,含水率梯度很大 ,制成的木制品经常发生翘曲与干裂现象 ,损失严重。如用常温窑干工艺 ,周期较长 ,如 5 0mm厚的荷木板材 ,初含水率在 …     

Cooling and steam conditioning after high-temperature drying of Pinus radiata board: experimental investigation and mathematical modelling

 Steam conditioning of softwood boards after kiln drying is of critical importance for relief of residual drying stresses and to improve distribution of final moisture content. The conditioning practice in New Zealand includes two steps: immediately after high temperature (HT) drying the load is cooled until the core wood temperature is 75 to 90°C, and then the stack is steam conditioned for a period of 1 to 4 hours depending on the lumber thickness and moisture content after drying. In this work, experimental and theoretical studies were performed to better understand the conditioning process and to investigate factors which influence its effectiveness. In the experiment, 50 mm thick Pinus radiata sapwood boards were first dried at 120/70°C for 11, 12, 13, 16 and 18 hours, respectively, to varying moisture contents, and then cooled and steam conditioned for 1 hour. To assess the effectiveness of conditioning, moisture pick-up, moisture gradient, and transverse residual drying stress (indicated by cup and strain) were measured. It was found that drying wood to a low moisture content (below 6%) increased the conditioning effectiveness. A separate matched stack was conditioned for 4 hours after 13 hours drying which showed better results than 1 hour conditioning. A mathematical model for wood drying was extended to include both the cooling and conditioning phases. The model was numerically solved to examine the wood temperature and moisture content changes during the whole process of drying, cooling and final steam conditioning. Increase in wood temperature, moisture pickup and moisture gradient during steam conditioning were predicted and validated by the experimental data. This information is currently being used at the New Zealand Forest Research Institute in simulation of stress development and relief for drying of Pinus radiata lumber. Received 6 July 1998     

木材真空-过热蒸汽干燥的预热特性

在真空状态下，分别对过热蒸汽和空气为干燥介质时木材干燥预热阶段进行对比试验，探讨了木材在真空－过热蒸汽干燥中预阶段的工艺特性。结果表明：过热蒸汽干燥的预热阶段进行得非常迅速，同时其表面水分的凝结量也较以空气为介质时表面水分的凝结量大。     

意杨薄板材干燥工艺研究

应用高温干燥与常温干燥有机结合的工艺技术(简称蒸汽综合干燥法),对意杨25mm厚板材进行处理,在预热阶段进行充分的汽蒸处理,而后进入常压过热蒸汽干燥工艺阶段,当含水率降到25%时,转入常温干燥工艺阶段,直到干燥阶段结束。这样既缩短了干燥周期又提高了干燥质量,同时也提高了干燥窑的生产效率。     

关于余热锅炉更新改造的可行性分析

现有的余热锅炉是1975年由我公司自行设计、制造和安装的烟道式废热锅炉,燃烧机理是利用工业炉窑的高温废气,冲刷锅炉的管束进行换热而获得蒸汽。本文根据现有运行状况及锅炉效率,阐述更新改造的可行性。