不同播期、种植密度及整枝方式对黄秋葵产量的影响

为在甘肃庆阳地区推广种植黄秋葵,在塑料大棚内进行了4个播期(A)、2个种植密度(B)、2种整枝方式(C)对黄秋葵生长及产量影响的试验。试验结果表明,影响黄秋葵产量的关键因素是播期,其次是种植密度,整枝方式对产量影响不大,最优组合是A2B1C2,即播期3月30日、株行距30 cm×50 cm、不整枝,以及A1B1C1,即播期3月15日、株行距30 cm×50 cm、单秆整枝。     

试析薄皮甜瓜整枝技术

为了探讨整枝方式对薄皮甜瓜生育期、品质、产量的影响,本试验对3个薄皮甜瓜品种采用4种整枝方式进行研究,结果表明:4种整枝方式对薄皮甜瓜的可溶性固形物含量影响不大。     

吉林地区黄秋葵不同品种引种试验

引种3个黄秋葵品种,以本地多年种植的五角黄秋葵做对照,进行品种比较试验。结果表明:来自不同地区的黄秋葵品种,均比对照优良,各品种其生育期、形态特征有一定的差别,单位面积的产量存在着显著的差异,各品种的抗病性及抗虫性都比较强。综合看绿羊角、红秋葵表现最好,广西黄秋葵次之,可以在本地区作为黄秋葵生产的推广品种。     

不同种植密度和整枝方式对番茄农艺性状的影响

以无限生长型番茄金霸王为供试品种,研究3种不同的种植密度和整枝方式对番茄农艺性状的影响。结果表明:随着种植密度的增加和整枝方法从单干整枝、一干半整枝到双干整枝的变化,早疫病和叶霉病的病情指数均呈增长趋势,并且发病时间也随之提早。在相同的种植密度下,一干半整枝和双干整枝的单株结果数较多,对提高番茄的前期产量有明显的促进作用;单果质量方面则以单干整枝的较大。在相同的整枝方式下,随着种植密度的降低,平均单果质量增加。     

大棚苦瓜秋延后栽培试验初报

本研究通过品种筛选试验 ,不同播种期试验和密度与整枝方式双因素试验来探讨南宁市大棚苦瓜秋延后栽培的有关技术。结果表明 :春丰 40在 4个供试品种中产量最高 ;9月 2 0日播种比 9月 30日和 1 0月 1 0日播种分别增产 5 0 .86%和 1 95 .96% ;整枝方式对产量和单瓜重无影响。     

密度和整枝方式对有机生态型无土栽培辣椒商品性及产量的影响

以“陇椒2号”为试材,在日光温室有机生态型无土栽培条件下,研究了不同密度和整枝方式对“陇椒2号”商品性及产量的影响.结果表明:在有机生态型无土栽培条件下,不同的密度和整枝方式对辣椒品种“陇椒2号”的商品性和产量影响不同.所有处理组合中,45 cm×60 cm(A3)株行距和四秆整枝(B3)能明显增加辣椒门椒宽度、门椒单果重、辣椒生长中期果实单果重和辣椒产量.     

山东地区黄秋葵间作苋菜高效栽培技术

正黄秋葵(Abelmoschus esculentus)属锦葵科一年生草本植物,又名羊角豆、补肾菜、咖啡黄葵,富含维生素A、B、C以及铁、钾、钙等微量元素,具有较高的营养价值,是一种新型保健蔬菜,素有蔬菜王之称。黄秋葵植株较高大,栽植密度较小,且前期生长缓慢,适于与矮生叶菜类蔬菜间作种植,以充分利用土地及光热资源,提高单位     

密度、整枝方式和土壤调理剂对无籽西瓜新品种‘新生代3号’产量的影响

为探讨不同底肥、密度和整枝方式对无籽西瓜新品种产量的影响,采用3因素-裂区试验设计,设置2种不同的底肥水平为主区,分别为鸡粪+复合肥+土壤调理剂+土壤修复剂和鸡粪+复合肥;5个种植密度为裂区,分别为每667 m~2500~900株;2种整枝方式为再裂区,分别为双蔓整枝和3蔓整枝。结果表明,添加土壤调理剂可极显著提高‘新生代3号’的产量;栽培密度对产量有极显著影响,密度为每667 m~2700株时产量最高。在所有组合处理中,添加土壤调节剂、种植密度为每667 m~2700株、进行双蔓整枝是最优组合,产量最高,达到59 718.75 kg·hm~(-2)。     

苗期摘心对厚皮甜瓜生长和产量的影响

<正> 近2年来,山东省的大棚厚皮甜瓜发展很快,1995年种植面积已达到400hm~2,大棚栽培中常用双蔓整枝或单蔓整枝2种方式。单蔓整枝中又可分为4—5片叶时摘心利用孙蔓结瓜,以及4—5片叶时不摘心利用子蔓结瓜2种方法。本研究的目的是探索苗期摘心对甜瓜生长和产量的影响。1 材料和方法 试验于1995年春季在山东省平原县腰站镇宋范村的大棚内进行。供试品种为蜜世界。1月18日播种,3月10日移栽,栽植密度为1800株/666.7m~2,每株留2瓜。摘心处理于3月15日(幼苗4片真叶时)进行,以不摘心为对照,每处理14株,设3次重复,随机排     

不同整枝方式对设施辣椒产量和性状的影响

辣椒是一种常见的蔬菜,整枝方式是影响温室辣椒生长性状和产量的关键因素之一。本文以尖椒品种昊瑞102为试材,通过研究整枝方式对辣椒产量、单果质量、果实长度和宽度、植株发病率的影响,探讨了更适合设施辣椒生产的整枝方式。结果表明,四秆平面整枝在果实产量、品质方面要比其他整枝方式好,尤其是在单果质量上,四秆平面整枝比对照(不整枝)的单果质量提高了75%;发病率比对照的下降了9.34%;果实厚度比对照增加了38.10%。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量