马铃薯干物质积累及氮、磷、钾营养特征研究

研究马铃薯会-2的干物质积累及氮、磷、钾养分的吸收、积累和分配特征,结果表明,会-2叶片对氮、磷、钾的吸收速率与干物质积累速率的变化同步,呈双峰曲线变化,分别在现蕾期和终花期间出现峰值;块茎干物质积累及养分吸收速率呈单峰曲线,块茎干物质主要在盛花期至茎叶枯萎期形成,该期也是块茎养分积累的主要时期;终花期以前,干物质及养分主要分配在地上部分,终花期以后,主要分配在块茎中;会-2对氮(N)、磷(P2O2)、钾(K2O)的吸收比例为1:0.140:1.919;生产500 kg块茎,需吸收N 2.756 kg,P2O5 0.310 kg,K2O 4.256 kg.     

马铃薯干物质积累及氮、磷、钾营养特征研究

研究马铃薯会-2的干物质积累及氮、磷、钾养分的吸收、积累和分配特征,结果表明,会-2叶片对氮、磷、钾的吸收速率与干物质积累速率的变化同步,呈双峰曲线变化,分别在现蕾期和终花期间出现峰值;块茎干物质积累及养分吸收速率呈单峰曲线,块茎干物质主要在盛花期至茎叶枯萎期形成,该期也是块茎养分积累的主要时期;终花期以前,干物质及养分主要分配在地上部分,终花期以后,主要分配在块茎中;会-2对氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)的吸收比例为1∶0.140∶1.919;生产500kg块茎,需吸收N2.756kg,P2O50.310kg,K2O4.256kg。     

有髯鸢尾“常春黄”的干物质积累及养分吸收利用研究

以有髯鸢尾“常春黄”为试材,研究其生育期内各主要器官中干物质积累及氮、磷、钾养分积累、利用与转移规律,探讨其干物质积累及氮、磷、钾养分积累的相互关系.结果表明:总干物质积累呈“S”型单峰曲线变化,最大值出现在8月30日的秋花期,干物质积累量达到39.86 g/株;氮、磷、钾养分积累在各器官中差别较大,但总养分积累均呈现K＞N＞P的规律,且秋花期养分积累明显高于春花期;相关性分析表明,“常春黄”干物质积累与N、P、K养分积累均呈极显著性正相关,氮磷钾养分在“常春黄”生育期总积累比例为1.0∶0.29∶14.8.     

‘同心圆枣’树氮、磷、钾含量及需肥规律年动态变化

【目的】研究宁夏‘同心圆枣’树各器官氮、磷、钾的吸收特点及干物质积累量动态变化规律,为‘同心圆枣’树的高效合理施肥和营养管理提供理论依据。【方法】以8 a(年)生‘同心圆枣’为研究对象,采用刨根解枝的采样方法,分析全生育期各器官的干物质积累规律及养分动态变化,探究各生育期的需肥规律。【结果】整个生育期内‘,同心圆枣’树各器官干物质积累量为:根>茎>果>叶;随着生育期进程,根的氮含量呈"V"形变化,茎的氮含量呈"W"形变化,叶和果的氮含量呈下降趋势;根、茎和叶的磷含量均呈现"下降-上升-下降"的趋势,果实的磷含量逐渐下降;根、茎和叶的钾含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,果的钾含量与氮、磷含量则随着生育期的进程逐渐上升。全生育期内植株氮、磷、钾积累量分别为197.08 kg?hm~(-2)、26.37 kg?hm~(-2)和146.80 kg?hm~(-2)。【结论】枣产量16 418.68 kg?hm~(-2),生育期内对N、P_2O_5和K_2O需求量分别为563.03 kg?hm~(-2)、241.60 kg?hm~(-2)和393.10 kg?hm~(-2),其配比为2.33:1.00:1.63。萌芽后应注重氮肥的施用,随着生育期的推移,应逐渐增加磷、钾肥的施用,在果实形成后加大对氮、磷、钾肥的施用,在转色期进行氮、磷、钾肥的增补,在成熟期再次进行氮、钾肥的增补。     

氮、磷、钾对籽瓜产量和生理参数的影响

采用单因素组合设计,氮、磷、钾分别为1个因素,设7个处理,研究探讨了氮、磷、钾对籽瓜生长、生理参数及产量的影响。结果表明:氮肥和磷肥对籽瓜产量影响显著,钾肥对籽瓜产量影响不显著。该试验条件下,氮、磷、钾的最佳组合是N 90kg/hm2、P2O5150kg/hm2、K2O120kg/hm2。低氮和中氮处理的干物质积累明显高于高氮处理。中等磷、钾处理的干物质积累量分别显著高于高、低磷处理和高、低钾处理。除磷、钾对10粒宽,钾对千粒重影响不显著外,氮、磷、钾对籽瓜各经济性状影响显著。在全生育期内,低氮中磷中钾组合处理和中氮中磷中钾组合处理的LAI和群体总光合势较高,中氮中磷中钾组合处理的光合生产率较低(高)氮中磷中钾组合处理的高。不同生育期,磷、钾对籽瓜光合生产率影响不同。     

不同浓度氮、磷、钾对蝴蝶兰幼苗生长的影响

采用氮、磷、钾3因素4水平全因子试验设计,研究了不同浓度营养液处理对蝴蝶兰幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:氮浓度250 mg/L、磷浓度15 mg/L、钾浓度150 mg/L对蝴蝶兰幼苗生长、叶面积增长较适合.高磷(60 mg/L)降低幼苗叶长、叶宽及叶面积生长速率;高氮(350mg/L)促使叶细长薄弱,对提高叶面积增长率作用不大;高钾(250mg/L)有助于幼苗叶面积增长率提高和干物质的积累;幼苗叶面积的增长率与叶宽的增长率呈显著正相关;施肥有助于叶宽增长从而促进蝴蝶兰幼苗的叶面积增长.     

氮素对大蒜生长及养分吸收的影响

以地方品种金乡白皮蒜为试材,研究不同氮肥处理对大蒜蒜薹和鳞茎产量的影响,以及在适宜施氮量的条件下,大蒜干物质积累及养分吸收的情况。结果表明:每生产1000kg大蒜需从土壤中吸收氮8.5kg、磷1.4kg、钾5.2kg。从播种到鳞芽花芽分化期(180d),大蒜干物质日均积累量相对较低,对氮、磷、钾的吸收量分别占整个生育期的30.7%、36.8%和46.1%;从鳞芽花芽分化期到收获(52d),蒜薹伸长、鳞茎膨大,大蒜干物质日均积累量迅速增加,对氮、磷、钾的吸收分别占整个生育期的69.3%、63.2%和53.9%,到收获前期干物质积累和养分吸收达到高峰。本试验条件下适宜氮素用量为240kg·hm-2,大蒜对氮、磷、钾的吸收分别为0.710、0.114和0.434g·株-1,吸收比例为1∶0.16∶0.61。     

不同氮肥用量对大白菜早熟五号生长及氮、磷、钾积累的影响

利用盆栽试验,研究了不同氮素用量对大白菜早熟5号生物量,植株氮、磷、钾质量分数及积累量的影响。试验结果表明,生长期,地上部单株鲜、干质量均成倍增大,N3处理的鲜、干质量均为最大值,但至收获期,单株鲜、干质量,氮、磷、钾质量分数和积累量在不同处理间的差异并不显著,鲜质量介于41.0~49.8 g/株,氮、磷、钾质量分数分别为25.5~26.4,3.4~3.6,27.1~29.2 mg/g,氮、磷、钾积累量分别介于61.6~66.8,8.3~9.1,66.2~73.8 mg/株;随着施氮量的增加,氮肥农艺利用率和氮素吸收效率均显著降低。因此,在大白菜生产中以N3处理(2.0 g/盆)的纯氮用量(理论N素83.4 kg/hm~2)为宜。     

杂交茎瘤芥需肥规律研究

用分期取样、化验分析、模型拟合的方法,研究了杂交茎瘤芥干物质积累过程以及生长过程中对氮、磷、钾三大元素的吸收规律.结果表明,杂交茎瘤芥干物质积累和对氮、磷、钾的吸收均符合Logistic生长曲线.以茎瘤芥对养分的吸收规律为依据,研究其需肥特性,结果表明,杂交茎瘤芥目标产量若为3 500kg/667 m2,需纯氯33.56 kg、磷(p2O5)7.63 kg、钾(K2O)25.47 kg,其比例为1:0.23:0.76.     

榛仁中氮、磷、钾、钙与贮藏物质的相关性分析

以杂种榛优良品系为试材,分析氮、磷、钾、钙与贮藏物质的相关性。结果表明:氮、磷、钾和钙与脂肪显著或极显著正相关。氮、磷和钙与蔗糖显著或极显著正相关,‘82-11’品系中的磷和钾与可溶性总糖显著或极显著正相关,‘84-237’品系中的钙与可溶性总糖显著正相关,‘84-402’品系中的磷素与可溶性总糖显著正相关。     

氮磷钾硼肥配施对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响

研究了不施肥处理,氮磷钾配施和增施硼肥对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响。结果表明,现蕾期至花球膨大期,青花菜对氮、磷、钾的吸收量最大,整个生长期对钾的吸收最多,氮次之,磷最少。氮磷钾主要分配在叶片中,现蕾后逐渐向花球转移,从现蕾到采收时,叶片中氮、磷、钾分配率分别降低了19.6%、10%和9.0%,花球中氮磷钾分配率分别提高了23.1%、15.9%和11.1%。不施氮、磷、钾肥显著降低了花球产量、维生素C含量和成品率,增施硼肥处理的花球成品率较氮磷钾肥处理提高了4.8%,不施氮肥和钾硫肥(K₂SO₄)显著降低了花球中的硫代葡萄糖苷含量。相关性分析表明,青花菜产量与植株内氮、钾积累量显著正相关,成品率与植株内磷营养显著正相关。     

江汉平原麦瓜棉菜一年四熟栽培技术

江汉平原是国家优质粮食、优质棉花和双低油菜重要生产基地,也是湖北省西瓜主产区。种植西瓜对增加农民收入、丰富市场、发展农村经济、提高土地利用率具有重要作用。江汉平原西瓜生产的突出特点是间作套种,早在20世纪70年代就推广了“麦／／瓜-稻”这种水旱、粮经作物配套种植的优化模式．并获得原荆州地区科技进步二等奖。由于西瓜间作套种提高了单位面积的经济效益、     

Up-regulation of mRNA expressions of fas,bcl-2, bim,bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, and bcl2l12 in K562 treated with bortezomib

AIM: To detect the treatment of K562 leukemia cells with bortezomib altering the expression of genes fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3.METHODS: MTT assay was used to detect the inhibition of proliferation. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V staining and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm). RT-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expressions of fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9.RESULTS: Bortezomib caused a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and IC50 of 24 h and 48 h were 161.41 nmol/L and 96.33 nmol/L, respectively. At the concentration of 104 nmol/L, bortezomib induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, including increasing annexin-V positivity and decreasing the Δψm. RT-PCR showed that bortezomib up-regulated the mRNA expression of fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 and caspase-3, but mRNA expressions of bcl-2, bim and bax did not changed obviously.CONCLUSION: Bortezomib inhibits the proliferation of K562 and induces apoptosis, in which fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 or caspase-3 gene is one of the main genes taking part in.     

Comparison of yield,fruit quality,antioxidant activity,and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape obtained from organic,conventional, and integrated fertilization

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of three different fertilizing systems, including organic, conventional, and integrated ones, on the yield, fruit quality, antioxidant activity, and some phenolic compounds of white seedless grape. The study was carried out on several 6-year-old white seedless grapevine located in the Urmia Province (North-West Iran). The results showed that the fruit physical characteristics and yield were affected significantly by different fertilization systems. The highest yield was observed in the conventional fertilization, followed by organic and integrated systems. The leaf mineral contents were obviously dependent on the different fertilization used, whereas pH and titratable acidity were not affected. Based on our results, the highest values of antioxidant activity and total flavonoid were found in the organic and integrated fertilization systems, respectively. Also, the highest contents of total phenolic, catechin, and quercetin-3-galactoside were observed in the organic fertilization system. Overall, the highest nutritional quality and biochemical characteristics of white seedless grape were obtained in organic fertilization system, which improved antioxidant capacity by enhancing total phenolics, total flavonoids and valuable phenolic compounds.     

Climatic, landform, microtopographic, and overstory canopy controls of tree invasion in a subalpine meadow landscape, Oregon Cascades, USA

Tree invasions have been documented throughout Northern Hemisphere high elevation meadows, as well as globally in many grass and forb-dominated ecosystems. Tree invasions are often associated with large-scale changes in climate or disturbance regimes, but are fundamentally driven by regeneration processes influenced by interactions between climatic, topographic, and biotic factors at multiple spatial scales. The purpose of this research was to quantify spatiotemporal patterns of meadow invasion; and how climate, larger landforms, topography, and overstory trees have interactively influenced tree invasion. We combined airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) characterizations of landforms, topography, and overstory vegetation with historical climate, field measurements of snow depth, tree abundance, and tree ages to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of tree invasion over five decades in a subalpine meadow complex in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA. Proportion of meadow occupied by trees increased from 8?% in 1950 to 35?% in 2007. Larger landforms, topography, and tree canopies interactively mediated regional climatic controls of tree invasion by modifying depth and persistence of snow pack, while tree canopies also influenced seed source availability. Landscape context played an important role mediating snow depth and tree invasion; on glacial landforms tree invasion was negatively associated with spring snowfall, but on debris flows tree invasion was not associated with snow fall. The importance of snow, uncertain climate change impacts on snow, and mediation of snow by interacting and context dependent factors in complex mountain terrain poses substantial hurdles for understanding how these ecotones may respond to future climate conditions.     

中国''''99昆明世界园艺博览会蔬菜瓜果园

蔬菜瓜果园作为中国’99昆明世界园艺博览会六大专题展园之一 ,占地 4 90 0ｍ2 。园内以农舍草屋为中心 ,通过瓜架、篱笆、草亭及蔬菜瓜果栽培 ,构出一幅农家乐园式的田园风光。另外 ,通过集中展示中国蔬菜瓜果的科技生产水平 ,丰富的资源优势 ,色彩缤纷、新奇别致的蔬菜瓜果品种 ,来突出本次世博会的主题“人与自然 ,和谐发展———迈向 2 1世纪” ,从而展现“蔬菜瓜果园艺是人类赖以生存的重要食源和艺术”为主题思想的蔬菜瓜果园内涵。　　蔬菜瓜果园位于世博园主入口世博大道南侧 ,与盆景园、药草园相邻。在总体布局、栽培上充分运用园…     

Some responses of cucumber,grown in beds of peat,to N,K and Mg

Two levels of N and four levels of K, applied to beds of sphagnum peat before planting (Experiment A), were tested in factorial combination with three concentrations of N (50, 175 and 300 mg 1^-1) and two of K (50 and 250 mg T1) in the liquid feed. In three cucumber crops grown, Mg was supplied or omitted before planting as a split plot factor (96 subplots). In two further crops (Experiment B), grown in fresh peat, six concentrations of N (20-320 mg 1^-1) were tested in the liquid feed, all other nutrient levels being constant. In Experiment A, the early yield was reduced by low and high levels of N. The main effect of N on the final yield was not significant, but maximum yield was achieved with 175-300 mg 1^-1 N in the liquid feed where the peat received a small amount of ureaformaldehyde (15 g m“2) and Mg fertilizer. The N x Mg interaction became increasingly marked with successive crops; the loss in yield due to Mg deficiency (<31%) increased with the amount of N applied. K deficiency reduced the yield by up to 66%, and very high levels of K also tended to decrease the yield. The K x Mg interaction became more marked with time and the loss in yield due to Mg deficiency (<23%) increased with the amount of K applied. Leaves from N, K and Mg deficient plants contained <2.5% N, <1.0% K and <0.28% Mg respectively. In Experiment B, where N was supplied only in the liquid feed, the highest yield was obtained at 220 mg 1^-1. The relation between yield and the total amount of N supplied in the feed was defined by a quadratic regression.     

盆景果树的发展、特点及价值

盆景果树集"艺术欣赏与果实享用"于一身。文章重点阐述盆景果树的定义、发展史与现状、分类与特点、文化和经济的双重价值等内容。     

早熟优质迷你西瓜品种玲珑王的选育

玲珑王是杂交一代西瓜新品种,早熟,全生育期100 d,果实发育期28 d.植株长势中强,低温弱光条件下坐果性好,果实商品率较高.果实椭圆形,果彤指数1.28.果皮绿底覆深绿色窄条带,皮厚约5 mm,果肉鲜红色,中心折光糖含量11.7%,肉质细脆,汁多纤维少,口感风味好.抗病性、抗逆性较强.单瓜质量1.5 kg,1 hm2产量达到33 000～58 500 kg.