不同基质对六瓣石笔木扦插生根的影响

以六瓣石笔木为试材,研究比较了泥炭土、黄心土、黄心土加河沙混合物3种不同的基质对六瓣石笔木的扦插成活率、平均生根数、平均根长和最长根长的影响。试验结果表明:3种扦插基基质的成活率、平均根长、最长根长差异极显著,平均生根数差异显著;3种基质中,以泥炭土的效果最佳,扦插成活率为86.67%,平均生根数为6.22条,平均根长为3.34 cm,最长根长为10.53 cm,结果均比其余2种基质高。     

南方红豆杉扦插繁殖技术研究——Ⅰ.基质、季节与生物措 施对扦插繁殖的影响

试验研究基质、季节和生物措施对南方红豆杉扦插生根、扦插苗生长和叶绿素含量的影响结果表明,以河沙和珍珠岩按8∶2混配苗床基质最佳,其绿苗率、生根率及成苗率分别为86 .0 %、84 .3%和81.7% ,显著高于其他3种苗床基质;其次为河沙和火烧土混配苗床基质>黄土>单一河沙苗床基质。季节和生物措施效应显示第4季度为扦插最佳时期,扦插效果显著优于其他季节,且扦插后拌种黄豆显著优于未拌种黄豆对照组     

不同基质对草绣球扦插育苗的影响

以草绣球当年生枝条为试材,选用河沙、珍珠岩、泥炭、河沙∶珍珠岩(1∶1)、河沙∶泥炭(1∶1)、珍珠岩∶泥炭(1∶1)为基质进行扦插育苗试验,比较不同基质对草绣球插穗生根率、根系数量、根系长度、根系种类及根系活力等指标的影响。结果表明,珍珠岩∶泥炭(1∶1)用于作为草绣球的扦插基质效果最好,生根率高达85.6%,同时插穗的根系数量、根系长度、根系重量和根系活力等指标均高于其他基质。     

羽脉山黄麻嫩枝扦插繁殖技术研究

羽脉山黄麻速生 ,耐干旱 ,耐瘠薄 ,适应性强 ,是长江两岸冲刷严重和受到人为开山修路等活动严重破坏地段的理想造林树种 ,大力发展羽脉山黄麻具有重要的生态、经济和社会意义。本试验通过对比和统计分析方法研究了ABT生根剂、扦插基质、枝条的剪切部位等因子对羽脉山黄麻生根的影响。试验结果表明 :扦插时取枝条中上部作为插穗 ,用浓度为 50 0mg L的ABT溶液速蘸插穗基部 ,以珍珠岩为基质扦插生根效果最好。同时对生根质量与移栽成活率的关系进行了回归分析 ,该分析结果为提高羽脉山黄麻扦插生根苗的移栽成活率提供了依据     

扦插基质和给水方式对八仙花插条生根的影响

为了提高八仙花在非梅雨季节扦插的成活率,基于操作简单、节水、管理方便省事的理念,探讨了不同的基质和给水方式对八仙花扦插生根的影响。结果表明,1)八仙花在非梅雨季节扦插时,插条选择以带顶芽的嫩枝比较好。带顶芽的插条生根快,根数多,扦插22 d的生根率可达96%~100%,生根数可达6~16条;不带顶芽的茎段也可以用于扦插,只是扦插生根时间相对较长,需要50 d左右。2)带顶芽的插条在自吸水的情况下,以蛭石的生根快又多,平均根数可达16条、根长2.8 cm、生根率100%;其次是珍珠岩(根数13条、根长2.0 cm、生根率100%),再次是河沙(根数10条、根长0.7 cm、生根率100%),在扦插基质的选择中,以干净、疏松透气、保水性能好的蛭石为最佳选择,如果是家庭阳台养花,体量轻便的蛭石更是优于沉重的河沙。3)自吸水的扦插装置可以大大提高插条的生根率,且节水,省工。     

苗木类型与整地方式对马尾松造林效果研究

对不同苗木类型和不同整地方式的马尾松幼林造林成活率、生长状况、生物量和根系特征进行测定结果表明:容器苗上山造林可明显提高造林成活率、当年抽梢长度和生物量优于裸根苗造林及小规格整地。整地方式对造林第1 a的马尾松幼林有一定影响,而在第3 a则对幼林的树高、抽梢长度起着明显促进作用。因此,在建造马尾松速生丰产原料林时,应大力推广容器育苗,克服当前裸根苗造林成活率低的问题,同时也应注意采用适当的整地方式,为后期生长提供有利的土壤营养空间。但容器苗造林的根系易产生一些扭结现象,在育苗过程中,应注意容器的大小、形状、材料和育苗周期的控制。     

千层金嫩枝扦插繁殖技术

本研究用L16（45）正交试验方法,研究了基质、穗条长度、植物生长调节剂及其浓度对千层金嫩枝扦插生根率的影响。结果表明,基质和生长调节物质对生根率有极显著的影响,而植物生长调节剂浓度与穗条长度对生根率有显著的影响,4个因素对千层金嫩枝大田扦插生根率影响从大到小分别是基质、生长调节物质、植物生长调节剂浓度和穗条长度。用浓度100mg/L的NAA浸泡9cm插穗2h,在混和基质上扦插,平均生根率可达92%,且生根及新梢抽出时间早,侧根数量多,扦插效果最好。     

金银花扦插育苗基质复配及验证

以废弃物炭化稻壳和粉煤灰为基质原料,与泥炭、细沙和蛭石进行不同比例的复配,探究由其配制成的复合基质对金银花扦插育苗效果的影响。结果表明:由炭化稻壳、泥炭、细沙和蛭石复配的2 种复合基质,其容重在0.28 ～ 0.63 g/cm3 之间,总孔隙度在69.51% ～ 84.90% 之间,pH 值在5.60 ～ 7.50 之间,其理化性质在金银花扦插育苗所需的适宜范围内。相关性分析表明:复合基质中的总孔隙度及有效磷、速效钾和碱解氮含量与金银花扦插苗的株高、生根数、最长根长、叶片数、SPAD 各生长指标呈显著正相关(P<0.01),容重对金银花扦插苗各生长指标呈显著负相关(P<0.01),说明复合基质对金银花扦插苗生长发育的作用效果与基质混合比例有关。综上,推荐泥炭∶细沙∶炭化稻壳=1∶1∶4、泥炭∶细沙∶蛭石∶炭化稻壳=1∶1∶1∶4 为金银花扦插育苗基质配方。     

重庆地区三叶木通无性繁育试验初报

研究不同扦插基地、不同类型生根剂对扦插育苗成活率的影响,同时比较了三叶木通扦插育苗、埋条育苗、分株繁殖3种无性繁殖方法苗木的成活率。试验结果表明:1)三叶木通扦插育苗、埋条育苗成活率可达70%以上、分株育苗成活率可达90%以上。2)采取根太阳生根粉浸泡苗木成活率比空白高出9.5%。3)因分株育苗可提供的分株母树有限,综合考虑,重庆地区三叶木通产业化发展宜采用沙床扦插育苗、埋条育苗方式。     

不同基质配比对香石竹扦插生根的影响

以香石竹品种马斯特为试验材料,采用草炭、珍珠岩、椰糠进行不同基质配比的扦插试验。结果表明:珍珠岩所占的比例不变,椰糠与珍珠岩配比对香石竹扦插生根的影响没有显著的差异;草炭同珍珠岩的配比随草炭所占的比例增加,香石竹扦插生根数也随之增加。以草炭、珍珠岩质量之比为2∶1处理的香石竹扦插生根率最高,单独采用珍珠岩的效果也较好,有利于植株后续的生长,缩短生根时间和育苗周期,提高成苗率。     

水稻旱育小苗秧和常规育秧栽培性状的研究

以杂交稻汕优桂 99、博优 64为供试材料 ,研究了旱育小苗秧与常规育秧在某些农艺性状及产量效应等方面的差异。结果表明 :旱育小苗秧与常规育秧相比 ,旱育小苗秧具有早生快发、根系发达、植株健壮、生长势强、分蘖早、低位蘖多、有效穗多、结实率高、能提早抽穗、增产效果显著并具有省种、省工、省水、抗寒力强 ,利于抢季节 ,利于集约化育秧等优点 ,是一项值得应用推广的水稻高产栽培技术。     

Effect of phosphogypsum application on the chemical properties of Andosols,and the growth and Ca uptake of melon seedlings

Abstract

Allophanic Andosols are widely used as a major material in commercial nursery media for fruit vegetables in Japan because of their remarkable physical properties, such as a high water-holding capacity. In the present study, our objectives were: (1) to examine the effect of phosphogypsum (PG) on the chemical properties of Andosols, (2) to investigate the effect of PG on the growth and Ca uptake of melon seedlings. The effect of PG on chemical properties of Andosols was studied using five Andosols with different inorganic and organic colloidal components. The change in soil pH (H₂O) was dependent on the soil samples; an increase was observed in the case of Kawatabi 3Bw soil; a sharp decrease in Kawatabi A2 soil; and almost no change or a slight decrease in Kameoka A1, A2 and Bw soils. The water-soluble Ca content was examined as an index of Ca availability in Andosols treated with PG. The increment in water-soluble Ca by PG application was depressed by allophane. The effect of PG application to the nursery media prepared from Andosols on growth and Ca uptake of melon (Cucumis melo L.) was examined in 2002. Three different varieties, Amusu, Earl's and Midorishima, were used in this experiment. The pH value of nursery media was stable at 6.4 ± 0.1 regardless of PG application rate. In contrast, electrical conductivity was clearly increased by PG application, and was reached at 1.2 dS m^?1 in 4.0 g L^?1 application. The application of PG increased water soluble Ca of nursery media from 1.7 to 5.2 cmol_c L^?1. Both top and root growth of melon seedlings were enhanced regardless of varieties, dry matter weights were maximized at 4 g L^?1 PG application. The Ca uptake of melon seedlings was promoted by PG application in all the varieties. It was suggested that the relative root growth rate of melon seedlings was closely related to the Ca uptake of melon seedlings.     

Assessment of Nutritional Status of Guava Seedlings using Preliminary DRIS Norms and Sufficiency Ranges

The objective of this work was to propose preliminary Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms and derive critical levels and nutrient sufficiency ranges in the leaves of guava plants in commercial nursery conditions. Sixty-eight leaf samples were evaluated from fertilization trials with seedlings. In the low-yield subpopulation (84% of the population), the limiting nutrients by deficiency in descending order were nitrogen (N)> copper (Cu)>phosphorus (P) = potassium (K)> manganese (Mn)> iron (Fe) = zinc (Zn)> sulfur (S)> boron (B) = magnesium (Mg)> calcium (Ca), and the limiting ones by excess in descending order were B > Ca > Fe > Mn > S > Mg > Cu > P > Zn > N = K. The ranges of the appropriate DRIS indices were 24 to 28, 2.4 to 3.1, 21 to 29, 6 to 8, 1.9 to 2.9 and 1.9 to 2.3 (g kg^?1) for the macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, respectively, and 35 to 48, 4 to 15, 68 to 93, 31 to 60 and 180 to 245 (mg kg^?1) for the micronutrients B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively. The dry matter production of guava seedlings was associated with the nutritional status.     

农业废弃物育苗基质对红叶石楠氮磷径流流失的影响

将农业废弃物作为基质的主要原料进行育苗是目前处置废弃物及促进苗木生长的双赢措施,但前期研究并未关注农业废弃物对苗木生长期间氮磷流失的影响。选用2种育苗基质,通过建设野外径流场,研究传统基质1(木屑与水洗牛粪等组成)与新型基质2(腐熟枝叶与山核桃壳等组成)育苗条件下,容器苗氮磷流失通量与红叶石楠生长情况。结果表明,施肥后1个月是控制苗木氮磷流失的关键时期,2种基质育苗条件下,TN、NH4+-N与NO3–-N径流流失通量无显著性差异,但基质2中TP与PO34-流失通量显著高于基质1。红叶石楠生物量表现为基质2显著大于基质1。因此,新型育苗基质可作为传统基质的替代品,投入到大规模的红叶石楠育苗生产中,但须对氮磷特别是磷素用量进行控制,以减少苗圃氮磷流失。     

Influence of Nursery Management and Seedling Age on Growth and Economic Performance of Fine Rice

Seedling vigor is the basic component of the transplanted rice, which depends on its growing environment and proper age. Thus the influence of nursery management and seedling age was evaluated after transplanting 10, 20, 30, and 40-days older seedlings raised by using seed rate (high and low) and nitrogen (N) (with and without) in rice growing season 2008 and 2009. Study revealed that 10-days older nursery seedlings, irrespective to nursery-bed treatments, showed accelerated growth start after transplanting in main field while at later stages significant interaction was observed. Transplanting of 20-days older fertilized seedlings grown at low seeding density at nursery-bed resulted in similar growth performance as in younger. Maximum net-benefit (45111, 44402 Rs. ha^?1) was recorded with transplanting 10-days older nursery seedlings while the fertilized seedlings grown at lower seeding density recorded highest net-benefit (37908, 36780 Rs. ha^?1) in both the years.     

不同施肥管理模式对集雨区苗木地径流氮素流失的影响

采用田间径流小区定位研究方法,以合溪水库集雨区苗木种植地为研究对象,设置了撒施(对照)、地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖、区外设置植草缓冲带、条施、穴施6种施肥管理处理小区,探究不同施肥管理模式对合溪水库集雨区苗木地径流氮素流失的影响,筛选最佳施肥管理模式。结果表明:不同施肥管理模式下,苗木地地表径流年总氮素径流流失通量大小顺序为:撒施(对照)覆膜条施穴施区外植草缓冲带秸秆覆盖,撒施(对照)、地膜覆盖、条施、穴施、区外设置植草缓冲带和秸秆覆盖6种施肥管理模式下的年总氮素径流流失通量分别为35.61,18.30,15.86,12.94,8.18,3.44kg/(hm2·a),说明穴施、区外设置植草缓冲带和秸秆覆盖是较佳的施肥管理模式,将其优化组合后会显著消减水库集雨区苗木地径流氮素流失及其对水库水质的潜在影响。此外,不同施肥管理模式下,苗木地径流水样氮素流失的主要形态为颗粒态氮,其次为硝态氮,其中,撒施(对照)、地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖、区外植草缓冲带、条施和穴施年均流失的颗粒态氮占流失总氮的比例分别为69.11%,68.87%,68.04%,61.89%,61.17%和65.09%;年均流失的硝态氮占流失总氮的比例分别为23.18%,23.36%,20.21%,27.20%,32.02%和28.71%。     

不同种类蔬菜苗期对镉的敏感性研究

产地环境中镉（Cd）对蔬菜的影响主要表现为蔬菜可食部分超标,高浓度时影响其生长发育,基于评述蔬菜幼苗对Cd的敏感性是按其对Cd的吸收累积量来排序,累积Cd量越高定义为该蔬菜幼苗对Cd越敏感,采用水培方法,探讨了Cd对小白菜（叶菜）、黄瓜、豇豆（果菜）和萝卜（根菜）幼苗吸收累积量及生长发育的影响。结果表明,蔬菜幼苗根和茎叶中累积Cd量均随Cd处理浓度的增加而显著增加（P〈0．05）。同一处理浓度下根中Cd含量远高于茎叶中Cd含量,根和茎叶对Cd的累积强弱顺序也即蔬菜苗期对Cd的敏感性排序为小白菜〉萝卜〉黄瓜〉豇豆;随Cd浓度增加,叶片中叶绿素含量降低,过氧化氢酶（CAT）含量升高;蔬菜出苗率、幼苗根长、植株鲜重显著降低。     

Silicon availability of the nursery bed soils and effects of silicon fertilizer applied on the growth and silicon uptake of rice Oryza sativa L. seedlings

(pp. 41–46)

Silicon availability in 36 commercial nursery bed soils was evaluated by four methods the phosphate buffer (pH 6.2, 40 mmol L^?1), incubation, supernatant and acetate buffer (pH 4.0, 1 mol L^?1) Methods. The influence of silicon availability in the nursery bed soils on the silicon uptake of rice Oryza sativa L. cv. Hitomebore seedlings and the effect of silicon fertilizer application were examined in a glass house in 2002.

The results revealed that the best correlation between silicon content in rice seedlings and available silicon in soils was obtained with the phosphate buffer-solution method (r = 0.86). More precise evaluation of available silicon was achieved by grouping soils based on these phosphate absorption coefficients (PAC). The correlation coefficients between silicon content in rice seedlings and available silicon in soils were 0.92 and 0.72 for volcanic soils (PAC > 1500) and non volcanic soils (PAC < 1500), respectively.

We concluded that the phosphate buffer method is the most easily adjusted method for estimation of silicon availability in nursery bed soils, and silicon fertilizers should be applied when silicon availability in non-volcanic nursery bed soils goes below 200 mg kg^?1, whereas the level is less than 350 mg kg^?1 in volcanic soils.     

Early growth performance of mycorrhizae inoculated Taurus Cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) seedlings in a nursery experiment conducted in inland part of Turkey

Abstract

Survival rate of seedlings planted in arid and semi-arid land parts of Turkey is low. New methods and techniques are needed to increase survival rate and growth performance of seedlings used in afforestation practices in the region. The aim of this study is to evaluate the growth performance of Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich) seedlings receiving different mycorrhizae inoculation treatments. The experiment was conducted in the western part of Central Anatolia. Two commercial mycorrhizal cocktails were used for treatments in a completely randomized design experiment. Both ecto- and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were observed in the same root system of the seedlings after the mycorrhizal inoculation. But the relationship between ecto- and arbuscular mycorrhiza was antagonistic. Analysis of the data indicated that mycorrhizal colonization was effective on seedlings' morphological characteristics. The significant differences were detected for root collar diameter, shoot height, root length, specific needle area, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot to root dry weight ratio, and Dickson quality index of seedling received different treatments. Mycorrhizae positively affected plant nutrition by increasing uptake of nutrients.