菜薹(心)新品种油绿50天菜心的选育

油绿50天菜心是利用四九菜心与50天菜心杂交选育的151菜心为母本，以60天菜心为父本杂交经过连续8代自交选育而成。该品种生长势强、株型紧凑，株高28．4cm，株幅23．9cm，基叶椭圆形、深油绿色。叶长21.1cm，宽9．8cm，叶柄短，为6．4cm；菜薹矮壮、紧实、匀称、油绿有光泽，主薹高19．50cm，横径1．45cm，质量35～40g。早熟，播种至初收33～35d（天），抽薹整齐，齐1：2花，味甜，纤维少，品质优，适宜出1：2，每667m^2产量1000kg左右，适于华南地区种植。     

柳杂二号菜薹丰产栽培技术

柳杂二号菜薹是广西柳州市农业科学研究所利用菜心胞质雄性不育系作母本，当地优良菜心品种自交系作父本选育的早中熟、丰产、优质杂种一代薹叶两用型菜薹（心）新品种。该品种具有适应性广、较耐高温、抗逆性强、品质优、纤维少、无苦味、清甜脆嫩等特点。１特征特性作菜薹栽培，自播种至初采３５～４０天，延采２０天。叶、薹绿色，色泽油亮，薹叶长卵形，薹叶少而小；始采薹植株自然高度３７．５cm，主薹高３１．６cm，主薹平均茎粗１．４９cm；生长势强，抽薹迅速，侧薹萌发多，平均一级侧薹５．０根／株，二级侧薹３．０根／株，三级侧…     

出口型菜心新品种油绿701的选育

油绿701生长势强,株形较矮壮,株高30.4 cm,株幅26.7 cm;基叶稍柳叶形,薹叶柳叶形,薹叶少,节疏,菜薹紧实匀称,不易空心,耐贮运,油绿有光泽,主薹高23～25 cm,横径1.5～2 cm,质量45～50 g.中迟熟,播种至初收37～43天,延续采收7～10天.抽薹整齐,商品综合性状好,品质佳.耐病毒病、霜霉病,适应性广,抗逆性强,丰产稳产,每667 m2产量1 000～1 500kg,适宜出口.     

澄海大芥蓝丰产栽培技术

澄海大芥蓝以其薹心粗大、肉质爽脆、风味佳而倍受欢迎.大芥蓝是广东地区的的通俗叫法,因该芥蓝的主薹比普通的芥蓝粗大得多,一般不采收侧薹而得名.广东省各地种子商前后推出了不少品种,如杂优大心芥蓝、澄海四季大种芥蓝等,其品种特性相近,以中筷芥蓝为例,该品种株高30 cm,开展度25 cm,叶卵形,叶面微皱,蜡粉少,薹柱粗大(3～4 cm),主薹节间较疏(4～5 cm),薹叶长卵形,花白色,主薹重为150～350 g,每667 m2产量1 300～2 000 kg.现将其丰产栽培技术介绍如下.     

菜薹(菜心)新品种早优3号的选育

早优3号为高代自交系A-50-4和B45配制而成的一代杂种。生长势强,植株半直立,株高29.6cm,开展度25.4cm;基叶长椭圆形,长19.4cm,宽10.2cm,深油绿色,叶柄长7.4cm;薹叶狭卵形,菜薹匀条适中,油绿有光泽,主薹高19.0cm,横径1.41cm,单株质量约40g。早熟,播种至初收33~35d(天),抽薹整齐,采收期集中,以采收主薹为主;纤维少,薹质脆嫩,齐口花,净菜率高,每667m2产量700kg左右,适于华南地区种植。     

薹用韭菜

薹用韭菜(又称韭菜花)系江西省吉安市的特产.其抽生出的花薹嫩绿可口,香味浓郁,质脆无渣.近年来,产品畅销南昌、赣州等地,倍受消费者青睐,成为夏秋蔬菜市场上走俏的高档蔬菜.特征特性植株半直立,株高26—30cm,分蘖能力强,叶片较粗硬,叶色深绿.花薹近圆形而实心,茎粗0.5—0.7cm,薹长32—35cm.花苞呈椭圆形,长1.5一2.0cm.花薹具有连续抽生的特性,自6月上旬开始抽生,一直可持续到9月下旬.抽薹最适温度为:白天28—33℃,夜间25℃左右.一般亩产量1500—2000kg,产值6000元左右,纯收入3500元以上.     

早熟红菜薹新品种鄂红一号、二号

鄂红一号、鄂红二号系湖北省农科院蔬菜科技中心新近培育的早熟红菜薹杂交新品种,于2003年2月通过湖北省品种审定委员会审定。1特征特性①鄂红一号(特早50天)早熟,播种到始收50天左右,耐热,抗病性强,株高45～50cm,开展度60～65cm,基生莲座叶7～9片,叶片顶端为尖形,薹叶尖小,菜薹紫色少蜡粉,色泽较鲜艳,肥嫩,单薹重50～80g,薹长25～35cm,横径1.5～2.0cm,元旦节前采收完毕,一般每667m2产量2000kg左右。②鄂红二号(鄂红60)早中熟,从播种到始收60～70天,耐寒,抗病性强,株高50～55cm,开展度65～70cm,基生莲座叶7～10片,叶色绿,叶柄、叶主脉为紫红…     

菜心新品种 --油绿70天

油绿70天菜心为广州市蔬菜科学研究所最新育成的优质、丰产、中晚熟油青菜心新品种。该品种表现生长势强,整齐一致,薹色油绿,商品性好,品质优,符合市销和出口要求,品比试验表明产量较对照香港70天油青菜心增产20 %以上,丰产性好,近年来在生产上进行试种,反应良好,广泛受到欢迎。一、主要特征特性油绿70天菜心生长势强,株形紧凑,株高37 cm,基叶长卵形,绿色,长28.6 cm,宽11.1 cm,叶柄长10.8 cm;薹叶少,椭圆形,外形美观,紧实匀称,油绿有光泽,主薹高25～27 cm,横径1.5～2 cm,质量45～60 g。中晚熟,播种至初收40～45 d,可延续采收10～15 d。抽薹…     

菜心新品种绿宝70天的选育

绿宝 70天菜心是从迟心 2号菜心中的变异株系统选育而成的新品种。该品种生长势强 ,株型紧凑 ,薹叶柳叶形 ,主薹高 2 2～ 2 6cm ,横径 1.5～ 1.8cm ,青绿色 ,菜薹节疏条匀具光泽 ,约 45g ;中迟熟 ,播种至初收 39～45d(天 ) ,可延续采收 10d(天 ) ,以收主薹为主 ;纤维少 ,薹质脆嫩 ,齐口花 ,净菜率高达 6 0 %以上 ,品质优 ,适宜市销和出口 ;每 6 6 7m2 产量为 10 0 0kg左右。适于华南地区种植     

薹干栽培技术

薹干是一种清脆可口,营养丰富的干制名菜,一般667平方米一茬产干菜70千克左右,产值2000元左右,高的可达2500元左右。薹干生长期短,全生育期3个月,其中育苗期25～30天,因此极适合夏秋作物的下茬和小麦的前茬种植。如我们推广多年的“小麦—玉米—薹干”、“小麦—西瓜—薹干”等栽培模式,经济效益都较高。     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。     

Effects of simvastatin on PDGF-BB and serum-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and on the expression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN

AIM:To observe the effect of simvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) induced by serum and growth factor PDGF-BB and the effect of simvastatin on the expression of PTEN,a important regulator of G₁/S cell cycle transition. METHODS:The DNA synthesis was determined by [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle was examined with flow cytometry, the protein level of PTEN was measured by Western blot method. RESULTS: (1)Simvastatin inhibited [³H]-TdR incorporation in a dose dependent manner. (2) Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that simvastatin induced significantly enhancement of G₀/G₁ phase and decrease in S phase VSMCs.(3)Simvastatin increased protein level of PTEN and mevalonate, a metabolite of HMG-COA, reversed the effect of simvastatin on PTEN protein expression. CONCLUSION:Simvastatin may inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and retarded cell cycle in G₀/G₁ phase by increasing PTEN expression through inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Relationships of landscape,prey and agronomic variables to the abundance of generalist predators in cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis>) fields

A two-year field study investigated the possible effects of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) and uncultivated areas on the abundance of generalist predators in commercially-managed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fields in Texas, USA. From 63 to 70 fields were sampled for pests and predators over nine consecutive weeks during early stages of cotton development. Additional data on agronomic practices and landscape composition at three spatial scales were also collected for each field. Stepwise regression analyses were used to determine the relationships of landscape, agronomic and prey variables to the abundance of generalist predators. Because the variables most closely linked to predator levels could vary over time, separate regressions were conducted for three time periods corresponding to stages of grain sorghum growth (half-bloom, hard-dough, maturity) in each year. Significant relationships between predator abundance and agricultural landscape composition appear in both years and in all three time periods, but the specific relationships of landscape variables to cotton predator levels differed between and within years. At maturity in 2001, predator levels rose as the amount of uncultivated land from 1.6 to 3.2 km distant and the perimeter shared with grain sorghum increased. During 2002, the area of grain sorghum (half-bloom) and uncultivated land (hard-dough) within 1.6 km of cotton fields were both positively related to predator numbers. Cotton planting dates and the abundance of cotton fleahoppers (Pseudatomoscelis seriatus [Reuter]) were also strongly linked to predator numbers during both years. Results suggest that the total amount of grain sorghum or uncultivated land in an area is more important than the presence of these habitats adjacent to cotton fields, and that landscape composition may sometimes be the most important factor in determining predator abundance.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.