麝香百合×亚洲百合(LA,Longiflorum×Asiatic)百合杂种F_1代镰刀菌抗性的快速鉴定

以99个百合远缘杂种F1代-麝香百合×亚洲百合(LA)杂种为试材,采用栽培基质接种病原菌的方法对杂种后代的镰刀菌抗性进行了鉴定。结果表明:百合无性系温室人工接种技术成功应用于该远缘杂种,其母本麝香百合‘White Fox’对镰刀菌表现出高感,而父本亚洲百合‘Connecticut King’具有较强抗性,并成功遗传给杂种后代,在后代基因型中实现一系列分离;在后代杂种群体中,大部分基因型对镰刀菌表现出不同程度的抗性,F1代镰刀菌抗性基因表达率为70.1%。表明镰刀菌抗性由数量基因控制,通过杂种系间杂交实现百合镰刀菌抗性的渐渗育种切实可行。     

王百合×大卫百合种间远缘杂种的育成

将大花芳香的王百合与多花、花瓣反卷和食用的大卫百合进行种间远缘杂交时,采用切割花柱后授粉方法获得了长0.6毫米胚乳败育的杂种胚,将这种幼胚进行离体培养可直接成苗或形成愈伤组织后分化成苗,经过染色体鉴定和同功酶酶谱分析以及杂种苗的形态鉴定,已确认其为王百合×大卫百合种间远缘杂交种。     

中国西部四省15 种野生百合花粉形态研究

 利用扫描电镜对中国西部陕西、四川、甘肃和云南等4 省15 种野生百合花粉进行了系统观察和比较分析,结果表明：（1）除玫红百合（Lilium amoenum）为钝四角形四合花粉外,其它14 种野生百合均为具单萌发沟的椭球形或长椭球形单粒花粉,但外壁纹饰差异较大;（2）聚类分析表明,野百合（Lilium brownii）、百合（Lilium brownii var. viridulum）、泸定百合（Lilium sargentiae）、岷江百合（Lilium regale）、宜昌百合(Lilium leucanthum)、紫脊百合(Lilium leucanthum var. centifolium)、淡黄花百合（Lilium sulphureum）、川百合（Lilium davidii）和卷丹（Lilium lancifolium）聚为第1 类群;滇百合（Lilium bakerianum）、山丹（Lilium pumilum）、紫斑百合（Lilium nepalense）、宝兴百合（Lilium duchartrei）和兰州百合（Lilium danidii var. unicolor）聚为第2 类群;玫红百合（Lilium amoenum）为第3 类群,聚类结果总体上支持形态学分类结果;（3）玫红百合（L. amoenum）具四合花粉,明显区别于其它野生百合种,综合形态学、地理分布、孢粉学资料及聚类分析结果,建议将其重新建立成为百合属钟花组中的一个亚组。     

不同百合花粉活力的测定方法比较

分别采用染色法和萌发法测定亚洲百合、东方百合、麝香百合品种群的部分栽培品种以及野生种的花粉活力.染色法的测定结果表明:野生种的花粉活力最高,接下来依次为东方百合、麝香百合、亚洲百合品种群的花粉活力最低.萌发法的测定结果表明:野生种的花粉活力最高,接下来依次为麝香百合、亚洲百合,东方百合品种群的花粉活力最低.两种方法的比较结果表明:染色法测定花粉活力是一种较为初步的、简单的方法,它仅能给育种工作提供最基础的花粉存活信息,但不能反映花粉活力的全部信息,而萌发法不仅可以反应花粉的存活状况,而且能进一步反映出花粉的萌发能力.所以,在百合的授粉过程中,需要将染色法的测定结果和萌发法的测定结果综合比较,来指导选配亲本,提高杂交育种的成功率.     

豫南丘陵地区百合大棚栽培技术

<正>百合为百合科百合属多年生球根花卉。全球已发现有100多个品种,是世界上有名的四大切花之一。中国是其最主要的起源地,原产50多种,是百合属植物自然分布中心。近年有不少经过人工杂交而培育的新品种,如亚洲百合、麝香百合、香水百合等。其鳞茎由20³0片重叠抱合而成,故名百合。栽培类型主要有亚洲百合杂种系、东方百合杂种系与麝香百合杂种系。百合具有卵球形鳞茎,无外膜,由多数肥厚肉质的鳞片抱合而生。高4530片重叠抱合而成,故名百合。栽培类型主要有亚洲百合杂种系、东方百合杂种系与麝香百合杂种系。百合具有卵球形鳞茎,无外膜,由多数肥厚肉质的鳞片抱合而生。高45¹50cm。叶线形,花着生于茎的顶端形成     

亚洲百合与东方百合远缘杂交花粉管生长荧光观察及胚培养

以亚洲百合杂种系的3个不同倍性品种"布鲁拉诺"(‘Brunello’,4x)、"耀眼"(‘Dazzling’,3x)和"多安娜"(‘Pollyanna’,2x)与东方百合杂种系的2个二倍体品种"西伯利亚"(‘Siberia’,2x)和"索邦"(‘Sorbonne’,2x)为试材,采用荧光显微镜观察法和胚培养法,研究了亚洲百合与东方百合几个品种正反交授粉后花粉萌发及花粉管生长过程和不同方法处理幼胚对胚萌发及幼苗生长的影响,以期获得亚洲百合与东方百合远缘杂交新品种。结果表明:除"耀眼"外,杂交中其它百合品种柱头上的花粉均能萌发并形成花粉管,但多数花粉管在授粉72h后表现出顶端膨大、缠绕折叠或出现胼胝质等异常现象,只有少量花粉管到达子房。其中,"布鲁拉诺"×"西伯利亚"、"布鲁拉诺"×"索邦"、"索邦"×"布鲁拉诺"和"索邦"×"多安娜"组合花粉管在授粉120h后到达子房;而"西伯利亚"×"布鲁拉诺"、"西伯利亚"×"多安娜"、"多安娜"×"索邦"和"多安娜"×"西伯利亚"组合中,花粉管生长缓慢甚至在花柱中停止生长,授粉120h后仍未伸向子房。同时,通过胚培养获得了种间杂种,胚培养时以授粉后40d左右胚龄为宜;最佳幼胚处理方法为剥离种皮和胚乳,只取幼胚的方法;MS+NAA 0.01mg·L~(-1)+BA 0.1mg·L~(-1)是胚培养的最适培养基。     

百合部分种及品种系统进化关系的EST-SSR 标记分析

 从新开发的百合EST-SSR标记引物中筛选了19对多态性较高的引物,对百合22个原生种和74个品种进行了标记分析,依据各样品间的Jaccard’s遗传距离,用MEGA 5.05构建系统树,并用主坐标分析对试验样品进行类群划分。系统树显示：原产中国的原生种首先分化为两个类群：类群Ⅰ包括卷丹（Lilium lancifolium）、渥丹（L. concolor）、毛百合（L. dauricum）、川百合（L. davidii）、大花卷丹（L. leichtlinii var. maximowiczii）、大花百合（L. concolor var. megalanthum）、淡黄花百合（L. sulphureum）、山丹（L. pumilum）、百合（L. brownii var. viridulum）、兰州百合（L. davidi var. unicdor）等,其中一些为亚洲百合杂种系的起源亲本及麝香百合杂种系的亲本,推测由这些种杂交衍生出亚洲百合杂种系、麝香百合杂种系及LA系;类群Ⅱ包括宜昌百合（L. leucanthum）、湖北百合（L. henryi）、岷江百合（L. regale）等喇叭百合杂种系及东方百合杂种系的亲本,分别衍生出喇叭百合杂种系、东方百合杂种系及OT系,与已有文献记载基本相符。用NTSYS-pc 2.11a作主坐标分析,结果将供试材料分为亚洲百合杂种系、东方百合杂种系、OT系、LA系、原生种等类群,与已知分类关系基本相符。     

百合花粉生活力测定和贮藏方法研究

采用4种常用的花粉活力测定方法,对百合花粉生活力进行测定.结果表明:以蔗糖培养基培养法效果最好,并能直接观察到花粉管发育状况;百合不同品种间花粉生活力存在极显著差异,在所测定的68个品种中以麝香系百合的花粉活力为最高;卷丹花粉活力最低,几乎为零.在所研究的6种花粉贮藏方法中,以低温(5℃)干燥法最有利于保持百合花粉活力.     

马铃薯‘H-027'与‘陇薯6号'和‘陇薯7号'杂种优良单株的SSR分析

为了明确马铃薯杂种F_1单株的真实性,利用SSR分子标记技术对‘H-027'ב陇薯6号'和‘H-027'ב陇薯7号'这2个马铃薯杂交组合F_1的优良单株进行鉴定。试验从87对SSR引物中筛选出3对适宜引物S7,S1 70和S174;用引物S7和S170从马铃薯‘H-027'ב陇薯6号'的杂种F_1的30个优良单株鉴定出25个真实杂交种单株;用引物S170和S174鉴定出‘H-027'ב陇薯7号'杂种F_1的14个优良单株均为真实杂交种。     

温州蜜柑与甜橙的无核少核杂种育性研究

以尾张温州蜜柑为母本、细叶薄皮甜橙为父本杂交获得的F_1代杂种,花粉育性出现广泛分离,并从中选育出迄今世界上唯一的人工无核柑类杂种晚蜜1号。另一典型杂种单株晚蜜2号因其育性稍强,果实具少量种子(单果平均种子数5.6粒),属     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.