酸雨对黄土磷的淋溶效应

采用室内土柱模拟淋溶试验,分析了陕西省杨凌区3种土壤在5个酸雨梯度的侵蚀作用下,土壤磷的释放和迁移规律.结果表明,酸雨会使土壤受到一定程度的酸化,而土壤的酸化程度与酸雨的pH值、土壤的类型、土壤的pH值、阳离子交换量、有机质含量有关.土壤对酸雨的缓冲能力由大到小的顺序为:腐殖质层＞母质层＞黏化层.随着酸雨累积淋溶量的增加,土壤磷的释放总量呈增加趋势,但淋失率会下降.酸雨的pH值为5时土壤磷的累积淋失量最大,土壤磷的累积淋失量和淋失率顺序为:腐殖质层＞黏化层＞母质层.酸雨对腐殖质层的磷具有最强侵蚀效应.母质层和黏化层的酸化主要发生在土壤表层,而腐殖质层酸化主要发生在土壤底层,酸雨侵蚀后腐殖质层酸化最严重.长期的酸雨侵蚀会导致土壤磷流失,造成土壤养分贫瘠化.     

几种低分子量有机酸淋溶对土壤铝、硅及盐基离子淋失的影响

采用50cm原状土柱进行模拟淋溶实验,比较研究了模拟酸雨和几种低分子量有机酸对红壤Al、Si及盐基离子淋失的影响。结果表明,模拟酸雨淋洗后土壤中有极少量的Al和一定量的Si及盐基离子淋出。与去离子水对照相比,pH3.5和pH4.5模拟酸雨处理Si的淋出总量分别增加了6.52%和3.26%;K 、Na 、Ca2 和Mg2 等盐基离子淋出量增加了2.41%~96.80%。100μmol/L的柠檬酸、苹果酸和草酸处理Al、Si的淋出量与模拟酸雨处理相差不大,而10mmol/L的柠檬酸、苹果酸和草酸处理则比模拟酸雨处理有显著的增加。有机酸淋洗后淋出液中各盐基离子含量均要高于模拟酸雨处理,盐基离子淋出总量是模拟酸雨处理的1.58~9.27倍。实验结果说明低分子量有机酸在酸化土壤方面比酸雨有更大的威胁。由于盐基离子的大量淋失,模拟酸雨和有机酸淋洗后淋出液pH均要高于原淋洗液pH。     

红壤中铝、锰和铁在酸雨作用下的释放特征

酸雨作用下红壤中Al、Mn和Fe的释放大多具有阶段性特征,旦土壤不同,其阶段性特征存在明显的差异。多数情况下同一土壤中Al和Fe的阶段性释放特征较为相似。3种元素累积释放量(Q)随淋溶量(H)的变化符合二次模型:Q=A B1H B2H2。经过9150～10650mm的酸雨淋溶以后,与对照(pH5.6)相比,pH4.5的酸雨使Al累积释放量增加8.16%～87.49%,Mn增加-4.29%～24.75%,Fe增加5.78%～86.03%;pH3.5的酸雨使Al累积释放量增加68.59%～158.60%,Mn增加26.11%～205.53%,Fe增加8.48%～138.88%。3种元素对酸雨的敏感性依次是:Al>Fe>Mn。其累积释放量在不同土壤之间表现出基本一致的特点:Al和Mn的释放量较为接近,且远远大于Fe的释放量。     

模拟酸雨对砖红壤盐基离子迁移和释放的影响

对发育于玄武岩的砖红壤进行了室内模拟酸雨淋溶试验,结果表明：（1）酸雨淋溶土壤会引起土壤盐基离子的大量淋失。以土壤中的K＋最易于淋失,Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋的淋失量最大。酸雨pH愈低,Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、K^＋的迁移量愈大。酸雨淋溶土壤的时间越长,盐基离子的迁移量越大。（2）土壤经≥5d的酸雨淋溶后,土壤交换性盐基离子的含量均随淋溶时间的增加而减少。酸雨的pH不同,则土壤交换性盐基离子所受的影响不同。（3）与原土壤相比较,短期（≤5d）的酸雨淋溶,可使土壤交换性Ca^2＋、K^＋以及强酸性（pH≤3.0）酸雨淋溶的交换性Mg^2＋增加;土壤被酸雨较长时间（≥10d）淋溶后,则会降低土壤交换性Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、K^＋的含量;不同时间的酸雨淋溶,均会降低土壤交换性Na^＋的含量。（4）土壤经酸雨淋溶后,某些矿物会发生风化,释放出盐基离子,也会使部分交换性盐基离子转成非交换态。     

模拟酸雨对施肥条件下赤红壤氮磷淋失特征的影响

通过土柱模拟淋洗试验,研究了施用等量有机复合肥条件下,不同酸度模拟酸雨对赤红壤氮磷淋失特征的影响。结果表明,铵态氮、硝态氮、无机氮和总氮淋失量均随酸雨pH值增大而下降;pH 2.0模拟酸雨和对照(pH 6.5)的无机氮和总氮淋失量差异不显著,但均显著高于pH 3.0、pH 4.0和pH 5.0酸雨;pH 5.0模拟酸雨无机氮和总氮淋失量均最低,表明强酸性酸雨和中性淋洗液均促进氮淋失,而酸度与土壤接近的酸雨减少氮淋失。与对照相比,模拟酸雨对DP淋失无显著影响,但显著降低PP和TP淋失;不同模拟酸雨各形态磷淋失量均无显著差异,表明酸雨对赤红壤磷淋失影响有限。酸雨对淋滤液氮磷浓度动态变化和氮磷累计淋失量动态变化等均无显著影响。     

模拟酸雨对施肥条件下赤红壤氮磷淋失特征的影响

通过土柱模拟淋洗试验,研究了施用等量有机复合肥条件下,不同酸度模拟酸雨对赤红壤氮磷淋失特征的影响。结果表明,铵态氮、硝态氮、无机氮和总氮淋失量均随酸雨pH值增大而下降;pH 2.0模拟酸雨和对照（pH 6.5）的无机氮和总氮淋失量差异不显著,但均显著高于pH 3.0、pH 4.0和pH 5.0酸雨;pH 5.0模拟酸雨无机氮和总氮淋失量均最低,表明强酸性酸雨和中性淋洗液均促进氮淋失,而酸度与土壤接近的酸雨减少氮淋失。与对照相比,模拟酸雨对DP淋失无显著影响,但显著降低PP和TP淋失;不同模拟酸雨各形态磷淋失量均无显著差异,表明酸雨对赤红壤磷淋失影响有限。酸雨对淋滤液氮磷浓度动态变化和氮磷累计淋失量动态变化等均无显著影响。     

酸雨对紫色土氮磷淋失的影响

利用土柱淋洗模拟试验,研究了酸雨影响下,不同施肥处理紫色土氮、磷淋失的动态变化特征。结果表明,在酸雨作用下,紫色土中硝态氮的淋失量远远大于磷元素;不同施肥处理下二者淋失量的大小不同,淋失量大小排序均为有机无机混合施用〉化肥〉有机肥〉对照处理;淋失量受施肥量和降雨量的影响明显,土壤中硝态氮、磷元素淋失量随施肥量的增加而增加,淋失过程主要集中在雨季。同一施肥处理下,土壤硝态氮淋失量随降雨pH值的升高而增加;pH值5.5是土壤磷元素淋失量的临界点,此时土壤有效磷含量最高,淋失量达到峰值。     

生物黑炭对强酸性茶园土壤氮淋失的影响

采用室内土柱淋滤试验研究了生物黑炭施用量对强酸性茶园土壤淋溶液体积、pH以及NH+4-N和NO-3-N淋溶的影响。试验中所用生物黑炭以茶树枝条为原料制成,土柱中生物黑炭用量设B0(0t/hm2)、B1(8t/hm2)、B2(16t/hm2)、B3(32t/hm2)和B4(64t/hm2)5个处理。结果表明:与对照处理相比,B1、B2、B3和B4土壤淋溶液体积分别下降了1.84%,3.43%,5.99%和11.09%;随生物黑炭施用量的增加,淋溶液pH和土壤pH也逐渐增加;B1、B2、B3和B4 4个土柱的NH+4-N淋失量分别降低了1.84%,2.82%,11.37%和9.75%,NO-3-N淋失量分别显著降低了36.24%,43.65%,44.39%和62.40%;在整个淋洗过程中,NH+4-N和NO-3-N淋溶主要发生在前5次,且主要以NO-3-N的形式淋失,其累积淋溶量占NH+4-N、NO-3-N淋溶总量的57.61%~76.54%;生物黑炭降低了土壤中NH+4-N(B4处理除外)和NO-3-N含量。以上结果表明,生物黑炭施用能明显增加土壤pH,减少NH+4-N和NO-3-N的淋失,增强土壤的持续供氮能力。     

不同pH降雨淋溶对原状水稻土土壤酸化的影响

采用原状土柱定时定量淋溶的方法,用pH为2.5,4.5和6.5的模拟降雨淋溶了太湖地区典型的水稻土-黄泥土.淋溶量为5 L/柱,研究原状土柱土壤淋溶后酸碱性变化及盐基离子的淋洗规律.结果显示,不同pH降雨淋溶后,土壤仍处在初级缓冲体系,即阳离子缓冲体系,但大量的盐基离子被淋溶出土体,淋出液的pH都在7.4以上,各淋溶处理淋出量最大的是Ca2+,淋出率最高的则为Mg2+,Na+和K+淋出量明显小于前两者,K+淋出量则最小,各处理间的各盐基离子的淋出量随淋溶液pH的降低而上升.淋溶后的土柱土壤pH和酸碱缓冲容量都出现下降,与淋溶前土壤相比,PH 2.5的处理0-10 cm土层和10-20 cm土层,土壤pH下降0.65,0.30个单位;PH 4.5的模拟降水处理降幅分别为0.42,0.04个单位;PH 6.5的模拟降水降幅为0.08,0.15个单位,各处理20-40 cm土层的pH则受模拟降雨的影响较小;同时采用酸碱滴定法测定了初级缓冲体系下各处理土壤的酸碱缓冲容量,结果显示0-10 cm土层,土壤酸碱缓冲容量降幅最大,和试验前处理土壤对应的土层相比,pH2.5,4.5,6.5的降雨处理降幅分别为31.83%,19.58%,15.59%,各pH 2.5,4.5,6.5的降雨处理10-20 cm土层降幅分别为23.93%,14.73%,7.17%.而各降雨处理20-40 cm土层降幅都小于5%.研究表明,虽然模拟半年度不同pH降雨淋溶处理下,大量盐基离子从土体表层被置换淋洗,导致表层土壤pH的降低,相比之下,不同pH的模拟降雨对土壤的酸化作用随pH的降低而上升.虽然淋溶后各处理土壤仍处在初级缓冲体系,但其表层土壤酸碱缓冲容量的下降必将加速土壤的进一步酸化.     

风沙土中氮素的淋溶特性及控制技术初步研究

采用原状土淋溶柱的方法,探讨了氮素在风沙土中的垂向迁移规律及对不同因素的响应特性,并提出了有效的控制措施。结果表明,在试验条件下,供试风沙土中添加的氮素有2/3左右通过垂向迁移作用流出土壤柱中。土壤浸出液与去离子水相比,前者作淋溶液时,氮素的总淋出量较后者增加6.3%;淋溶液pH值由6.4降至4.0,氮素的总淋出量增加8.3%;淋溶速度由3.0ml/min增至5.0ml/min,氮素的总淋出量增加9.2%。土壤有机质含量由9.1g/kg增至17.3g/kg,风沙土中添加的氮素总淋出量降低16.0%;在风沙土中按照15g/m2的比例添加淀粉接枝聚丙烯酸防渗剂后,氮素总淋出量降低33.3%,可有效控制风沙土中氮素的垂向迁移作用。     

第四纪红色粘土发育的红壤中营养元素的淋失

A red soil derived from Quaternary red clay was employed to study nutrient leaching with soil columns repacked in laboratory. The objective was to identify the effects of fertilization practices on leaching patterns and magnitudes of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, and NO₃^-. The treatments were CK (as a control), CaCO₃, CaSO₄, MgCO₃, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂, urea, KCl, and multiple (a mixture of the above-mentioned fertilizers). The fertilizers were added to the bare surface of the soil columns, and then the columns were leached with 120 mL deionized water daily through peristaltic pumps over a period of 92 days. Leaching processes of NH₄⁺, and NO₃^- were only measured in CK, urea, and multiple treatments which were directly related to N leaching. Results showed that sole application of CaSO₄, and Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ scarcely had any effect on the leaching losses of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and K⁺; the application of MgCO₃ stimulated the leaching of Mg²⁺; the application of CaCO₃ promoted the leaching of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and K⁺; urea treatment also promoted the leaching of K⁺ and NH₄⁺, and NO₃^- leaching mainly occurred at late stage of leaching process in particular; under KCl treatment, leaching of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and K⁺ was promoted to a large extent; under multiple treatment, leaching of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, and NO₃^- was all increased and NO₃^- was mainly leached at the end of leaching process and still had a trend of increase.     

Effects of acid rain on ion leaching in a danish forest soil

The mobility of major cations (H⁺, ammonium, Al, Ca, Na, Mg, K, Fe), heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Ni, Cd) and anions (chloride, sulphate and nitrate) was studied in the laboratory in an acidified brown soil from a Norway spruce forest. Lysimeters containing undisturbed soil columns of the A-horizon and the A- plus B-horizon were watered with 540 mm of throughfall precipitation collected in situ, either directly (pH 3.6) or adjusted to pH 3.3 or 2.8. The pH 3.3 treatment increased leaching of Mn and Cd from the B-horizon. The pH 2.8 treatment increased leaching of ammonium, Na, Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Zn and Cd from the A-horizon and ammonium, Al, Na, Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Zn and Cd from the B-horizon. Fe leaching from the A-horizon was decreased by both acidic treatments, and the pH of the leachates was not significantly affected. Sulphate retention was 138-161 meq m^?2 yr^?1 by all treatments. Due to experimental conditions nitrate leaching was observed in all lysimeters.     

氮肥施用对砖红壤硝态氮和盐基离子淋失特征的影响

氮肥品种的合理选用对作物增产增收、 土壤酸化改良有重要的影响。本文以海南省海口市观澜湖采集的砖红壤为研究对象,采用室内土柱模拟试验,对尿素、 硝酸铵和硫酸铵3种氮肥处理下砖红壤硝态氮及盐基离子（Ca2+、 Mg2+、 K+、 Na+）淋失特征进行了研究。结果表明, 1）硝态氮累积淋溶量表现为硫酸铵硝酸铵尿素N0,且硝态氮的淋溶量与施肥量呈正相关关系,整个淋溶过程中硝态氮累积淋溶量（y kg/hm2）与施肥量（x kg/hm2）之间满足线性方程 y=3.3064x+315.74（R2=0.8848）; 2）尿素、 硝酸铵、 硫酸铵处理整个淋溶过程的盐基离子淋溶量均表现为 Ca2+Mg2+K+Na+,且盐基离子淋溶总量（kg/hm2）表现为硫酸铵（1821.12）硝酸铵（1080.27）尿素（872.24）N0（417.23）; 3）砖红壤盐基离子迁移速率表现为硫酸铵（26.28%）硝酸铵（13.37%）尿素（11.78%）,尿素、 硝酸铵和硫酸铵处理分别以线性方程 y=0.1178x+123.18（R2=0.9121）、 乘幂方程 y=15.634x0.4423（R2=0.9259）和对数方程 y=128.38e0.0007x（R2= 0.9244）的拟合度最高。     

Bulk sediment bioassays with five species of fresh-water oligochaetes

The fluxes of metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni) in two spruce forest soils in S. Sweden were quantified using the lysimeter technique. Amounts in precipitation (dry and wet), throughfall, litterfall and annual accumulation in biomass were also quantified, as well as stores in soil and biomass. The metal concentrations of the soil solutions varied greatly according to season. The leaching of some metals (Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr, and organic forms of Al) was associated with the leaching of organic matter. These complexes were leached from the A horizon in considerable amounts. They were precipitated in the upper B horizon and only small amounts were transported further downward. By contrast, the leaching of Na, Mg, Ca, Mn, Cd, Zn, Ni, and inorganic forms of Al increased with increasing soil depth. The concentrations of these metals also increased with increasing soil solution acidity. The highest concentrations were often found at the transition to the C horizon. The amounts of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Al, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni leached from the rooting zone were found to be larger than the amounts deposited from the atmosphere, the main source of these metals being the mineral soil. The reverse was true of Ph, Cu, and Fe, the sink being the upper part of the B horizon.     

Batch‐Determined Elements Release from Wood Ash Mixed with an Acidic Forest Soil Sample

Abstract

A serial batch leaching experiment was carried out to evaluate the release of elements from wood ash mixed with a strongly acidic forest soil sample. Wood ash application resulted in increased leachate pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and electrical conductivity (EC). Increasing application of wood ash increased cumulative release of inorganic carbon (IC), chloride (Cl), nitrate (NO₃), sulfate (SO₄), potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), and copper (Cu). Release of NO₃, P, iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), Cu, and lead (Pb) continued. Large amounts of DOC, K, Ca, and SO₄ were mobilized. Inorganic C, Fe, and Mg were released in moderate quantities. Manganese, Na, Al, Cl, and NO₃ were released in limited amounts. Amounts of leached P, Pb, and Cu were lower. The mixed order equation adequately described the release of elements in the soil‐ash mixture. Accumulation of elevated amounts of trace elements does not appear to be a problem when higher wood ash rates are avoided. Wood ash should be applied in split application to avoid short‐term concentrated alkaline and salty conditions that could interfere with plant growth.     

滨海盐土脱盐过程中pH变化及碱化问题研究

对滨海重盐土室内淋洗模拟脱盐过程的分析研究结果表明：随着含盐量的下降,Ｎａ＾＋、Ｃｌ＾－、ＳＯ４＾２－、Ｃａ＾２＋和Ｋ＾＋的绝对含量都逐渐减少,ＨＣＯ３＾－逐渐增加;Ｃｌ＾－和Ｎａ＾＋的相对含量逐渐下降,而ＳＯ４＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｋ＾＋特别是Ｃａ＾２＋、ＨＣＯ３＾－的相对含量逐渐增加,当含盐量降至１ｇ／ｋｇ以下时结果更加明显。由于各离子的迁移能力不同,导致土壤的盐分化学类型由Ｃｌ－Ｎａ向ＨＣＯ３－Ｃａ转化。淋洗试验中淋洗液的盐分化学类型变化滞后于土样。ｐＨ值在整个脱盐过程中先上升后下降,ｐＨ值下降时的土壤含盐量在小于１ｇ／ｋｇ范围。在ｐＨ值先上升后下降的变化过程中,Ｃａ＾２＋含量是先下降后上升,而ＨＣＯ３＾－含量是先上升后下降,残余碳酸钠（ＲＳＣ）的变化趋势也与ＨＣＯ３＾－一样,土壤ｐＨ值与可溶性Ｃａ＾２＋含     

重庆缙云山酸沉降背景下针阔混交林水化学特征初步研究

选取三峡库区缙云山小流域针阔混交林作为研究对象,对其大气降水、穿透雨、树干茎流、地表径流等水文过程中的pH值及Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+等离子含量进行研究,结果表明:(1)大气降水pH值为5.31,呈酸性,已属于酸雨范围(pH<5.65)。相对于大气降水,针阔混交林穿透雨和树干茎流离子含量均大幅增加。穿透雨和树干茎流中,Mg、Cu元素的变异系数均小于大气降水,而K、Zn和Mn均大于大气降水。地表径流中Ca元素含量最高,为16.416mg/L,Mn元素含量最低,几乎检测不到。各元素含量排序为:Ca>K>Na>Mg>Zn>Fe>Cu>Mn。地下径流中,Ca元素是含量增加最多的养分元素,各元素含量排序为:Ca>K>Na>Mg>Zn>Cu>Fe=Mn。(2)Cu元素在穿透雨和树干茎流中均出现了负淋溶,其余各元素浓度均有所增加。如果林木长期处于酸雨逆境下,将会导致部分营养元素大量流失,并最终造成林木营养亏损且影响其生长。     

贵州烟田土壤pH、交换性钙镁和CaCO3含量分布特征及其相互关系

  目的  明确贵州烟田土壤pH、交换性钙（Ca2+）、交换性镁（Mg2+）和碳酸钙（CaCO₃）的含量分布特征及其相互关系,指导土壤酸碱调节及钙镁肥料施用。  方法  采集贵州全省烟区500个典型烟田耕层（0 ~ 20 cm）土样,采用经典方法测定土壤pH、Ca2+、Mg2+和CaCO₃含量,利用SPSS比较不同成土母质、土壤类型和区域之间pH、Ca2+、Mg2+和CaCO₃的含量差异,定量分析pH与Ca2+、Mg2+和CaCO₃之间的关系。  结果  土壤pH、Ca2+和Mg2+含量偏低的烟田分别占20.0%、18.2%和56.4%,偏高的烟田分别占37.0%、55.8%和29.6%。CaCO₃低于10 g kg?1烟田占88.4%。不同成土母质、土壤类型和烟区土壤pH、Ca2+、Mg2+ 和CaCO₃存在一定差异,不同母岩发育的土壤CaCO₃无显著差异,水稻土和石灰土pH和Mg2+显著高于其他土壤类型,土壤pH、Ca2+和Mg2+在不同烟区间的差异性强于CaCO₃。pH、Ca2+、Mg2+和CaCO₃之间均显著正相关（P < 0.01）,基于全省尺度的pH与Ca2+、Mg2+和CaCO₃含量之间一元线性回归模型为: pH = 5.065 + 0.393Mg2+ + 0.081Ca2+ + 0.001CaCO₃（R2 = 0.578,P < 0.001,MAE = 0.58,RSME = 0.71）,其精度与基于母岩类型、土壤类型和区域的线性模型大致相当。  结论  贵州烟田土壤pH、交换性钙、交换性镁和碳酸钙含量与分布受到成土母质、土壤类型和区域的影响,pH受交换性钙、交换性镁和碳酸钙的共同影响,烟田土壤酸碱调节及钙镁肥料施用应综合考虑土壤的pH、交换性钙、交换性镁和碳酸钙。     

A soil chronosequence in the semi-arid environment of Patagonia (Argentina)

Soil development with time was investigated on beach ridges with ages ranging from about 1380 to 6240 ¹⁴C-years BP at the eastern coast of central Patagonia. The main pedogenic processes are accumulation of organic matter and carbonate leaching and accumulation within the upper part of the soils. Soil formation is strongly influenced by incorporation of eolian sediments into the interstitial spaces between the gravel of which the beach ridges are composed. Different amounts of eolian material in the soils lead to differentiation into Leptosols (containing ≤ 10% fine earth in the upper 75 cm) and Regosols (containing > 10% fine earth). Soil depth functions and chronofunctions of organic carbon, calcium carbonate, pH, Ca:Zr, Mg:Zr, K:Zr, Na:Zr, Fe:Zr, Mn:Zr, and Si:Al (obtained from X-ray fluorescence analysis) were evaluated. To establish soil chronofunctions mean values of the horizon data of 0–10 cm below the desert pavement were used, which were weighted according to the horizon thicknesses. The depth function of pH shows a decrease towards the surface, indicating leaching of bases from the upper centimeters. Chronofunctions of pH show that within 6000 radiocarbon years of soil development pH drops from 7.0 to 6.6 in the Leptosols and from 8.1 to 7.5 in the Regosols. The higher pH of the Regosols is due to input of additional bases from the eolian sediments. Chronofunctions of Ca:Zr and K:Zr indicate progressive leaching of Ca and K in the Regosols, showing close relationships to time (R² = 0.972 and 0.995). Na leaching as indicated by decreasing Na:Zr ratios shows a strong correlation to time only in the Leptosols (R² = 0.999). Both, Leptosols and Regosols show close relationships to time for Fe:Zr (R² = 0.817 and 0.824), Mn:Zr (R² = 0.940 and 0.803), and Si:Al (0.971 and 0.977), indicating enrichment of Fe and Mn and leaching of Si. Leaching of mobile elements takes place on a higher level in the Regosols than in the Leptosols from the beginning of soil formation. Hence, a significant part of the eolian sediments must have been incorporated into the beach ridges very soon after their formation.     

荔枝皮原花青素对模拟食品体系中糖基化终产物的抑制效果

为控制美拉德反应过程中生成的晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs),该文研究了荔枝皮原花青素(litchi pericarp procyanidins,LPPC)对模拟食品体系中AGEs的抑制作用。采用α-乳糖/L-赖氨酸模拟食品体系,考察了不同反应时间、温度时LPPC对AGEs的抑制效果,并探讨了多种金属离子对抑制作用的干预。结果表明:在80℃加热2.5 h时,1 mg/m L LPPC对模拟食品体系中AGEs的抑制率达到最大,为79.92%±5.21%;而100℃加热30 min时,LPPC的最大抑制率为63.37%±4.12%。当向模拟体系中加入金属离子(Al~(3+)、Ca~(2+)、Cu~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Zn~(2+))时,低浓度金属离子表现出抑制AGEs生成的作用,高浓度下反而促进其生成。与仅添加LPPC相比,金属离子在低浓度时减弱了LPPC对AGEs的抑制能力,在高浓度时则无显著影响(P0.05)。研究结果为天然AGEs抑制剂LPPC的研发提供了理论参考。