建平县经济林产业化发展的思考

建平县气候条件适宜发展经济林，近年来建平县利用退耕还林政策大力推进经济林建设，取得了显著成效，但是发展经济林存在着基础差、配套政策不尽完善、技术跟踪不到位等诸多问题，在分析其形成的原因的基础上，提出了解决的相应对策是：加大资金投入力度、强化后续技术服务、加大无公害生产、推进经济林果品贮藏加工。     

彰武县经济林建设现状及发展对策

为促进彰武县果品经济林建设上规模、提水平、增效益,加快"果品经济林示范带"建设的步伐,提出果品经济林发展要以市场为导向,以科技创新为动力,以"三效合一"为中心,按照发展县域经济、特色果品经济和建设果品经济林精品工程的要求,优化布局、适地适树,加快现代农业产业化步伐。对彰武县经济林发展现状进行了调查,分析了经济林发展现状、特点和存在问题,提出了彰武县经济林发展对策。     

固原市特色经济林为民造福

近年来，随着退耕还林工程的实施，宁夏固原市将“两杏一果”等林业后续产业培育做为拓宽农民增收的渠道。目前，全市共有以杏树为主的特色经济林104万亩，果品总产量4700万公斤，总产值达到18600万元。到2013年，全市计划新增经济林面积36万亩，总面积达到140万亩，果品总产量达到3亿公斤，总产值达到6亿元，使全市农民人均来自经济林的收入提高到400元以上。     

四川退耕还林发展中经济林若干问题的思考

对经济林在生态防护效益、经济效益等几方面存在的缺陷以及目前经济林发展中出现的问题进行了探讨，提出了在退耕还林工程中发展经济林必须注重生态效益，走可持续发展的道路，并以产业化经营带动四川经济林良性发展的思路。     

退耕还林工程区经济林的现状与发展趋势

根据全国第六次森林资源清查的结果数据对退耕还林工程区经济林的现状、特点与动态作了分析,并依据退耕还林工程造林的面积推算出工程造林对工程区经济林的贡献,预测了工程区经济林的发展趋势。     

浅论经济林在高效林业中的作用和发展对策

浅论经济林在高效林业中的作用和发展对策梁兴隆，韩瑞勤（山东省青岛市林业局，青岛，２６６００２）我国发展高产优质高效林业，是发展社会主义市场经济，进一步解放和发展林业生产力的需要，是林业发展的必然趋势，是林业建设的最终目标。经济林是以生产果品、食用油料...     

四川省干鲜果品经济林发展现状分析

以四川省近年来干鲜是品经济林发展的有关统计资料为基础,从林学和经济学的角度出发,对四川省果品经济林发展动态及规模、果品市场的需求状况等进行了分析。并对今后四川果吕经济林的发展对策提出了建议。     

退耕还林地经济林发展问题探讨

阐述目前退耕还林工程退耕地还经济林发展现状,分析退耕地经济林发展中存在的主要问题与原因,提出对策建议。     

贮藏保鲜在经济林果品开发中的作用初探

近年来,我省各地经济林面积每年都以3.3万hm2的造林速度递增,全省已有经济林110hm2,随着经济林造林和投产面积的扩大,产品市场的竞争将会越来越激烈,产后工作已显得十分重要,本文认为,做好经济林果品的贮藏、保鲜是经济林发展的关键环节之一。1　贮藏、保鲜是经济林发展到...     

庆阳市经济林发展势头良好

庆阳市高度重视经济林建设，大力发展经济林产业，经过全市上下共同努力，初步形成了基地化建设、区域化布局和产业化开发的良好势头。今年以来，全市根据果品销售快、效益好、农民发展林果业积极性高的有利时机，继续把林果业建设作为加快农村经济发展的重点工作来抓。一是抓栽植，扩大规模。全市上半年栽植各类经济林17．46万亩，其中苹果7．88万亩，建办栽植示范点22处。     

退耕还林与可持续经营

本文从可持续发展和可持续经营角度探讨我省退耕不与可持续经营的关系，提出建立退耕还林可持续经营模式，是一条行之有效的途径，同时对退耕还林可持续经营模式的建立原则，以及可借鉴经验进行了有益探讨。     

印楝在我国的引种与经营利用现状

印楝是一种速生和耐旱的多功能树种。从上世纪80年代开始引种，现已在我国进行了大规模的引种栽培并获成功。印楝具有较强的耐旱能力、生长迅速、材质优良、萌发力强、根系发达、易繁殖和生物量高等优良性状，且可用于医药、农药、肥料、饲料、燃料、土壤改良、绿化、建筑材料和化工原料等方面，是当前退耕还林中集生态效益、社会效益和经济效益为一体优良造林树种，具有较大的开发利用前景。     

西双版纳天然林保护与林业可持续发展

西双版纳天然林保护工程的实施对制止区内的环境退化和资源危机,协调人与自然的关系具有重要的作用.在天然林保护工程的实施过程中,对区域的经济、社会和文化造成了一定的影响.为保障社区林业的可持续发展,针对天然林保护给社区带来的影响,提出了发展非木材产品,加强经济林果的发展以及营造速生丰产林和薪炭林的对策,以实现西双版纳的天然林保护和林业可持续发展.     

退耕坡地系统生态综合评价中几个景观生态学问题

退耕坡地系统属于退化土地生态系统,大部分是毁林(草)开荒形成的,是人为加速了自然生态系统的逆行演替而形成的低产脆弱的生态系统。对退化生态系统进行综合整治与恢复,以及人工生态系统的重建的理论基础是生态演替和人为设计理论。退耕还林(草)是通过一定的社会物质和能量的投入定向加速景观生态系统的演替过程。评价退耕地的生态经济效益是退耕还林(草)工程的重要组成部分,重点评定项目是否实现预期目标、项目的产出、效果和影响。本文应用景观生态学的理论:景观尺度与等级理论、景观空间格局与异质性理论、景观演化与干扰理论探讨了退耕地生态评价的内容、方法和应注意的问题,从而为退耕还林(草)工程的顺利进行提供有力的保障。     

Fractal features and infiltration characteristics of the soil from different land uses in a small watershed in a rocky,mountainous area in Shandong Province

We studied infiltration and fractal mechanisms on sloping farmlands in a small watershed in Shandong Province in the rocky mountain areas of northern China.We studied soil fraction and soil water retention curves,and developed a soil infiltration model to analyze its quantitative relationship with soil particle size and pore dimensions under four types of land use,including sloping farmland,abandoned land,natural forest,and forest plantation(Malus pumila,Crataegus pinnatifida).Soil stability infiltration rate ranked as sloping farmland>abandoned land>natural forest>forest plantation.The sequence of soil particle size and pore dimension ranked as natural forest>forest plantation>abandoned land>sloping farmland.There were significant positive correlations between soil particle size and pore dimension,and both were positively correlated with the percent volume of silt and clay.They were negatively correlated with soil infiltration rate.The Horton model and the power function model were more suitable for simulating soil infiltration and the infiltration rate.We concluded that the soil in this area displayed typical fragments of rocky mountainous regions due to the loss of silt and clay caused by cultivation on sloping farmland.The uniformity and fractal dimensions of soil particle sizes and pore distribution decreased,thereby enhancing soil infiltration capacity and decreasing soil water retention capacity.     

核桃良种漾杂3号丰产栽培技术探讨

在大理州内对核桃优良品种漾杂3号进行了研究观察,探讨了通过采用规范种植、选择适宜的栽植立地和环境条件、采用丰产栽培和管理技术,可显著地提高漾杂3号核桃的生长量、抗逆性、抗病虫害能力、结实量、果实品质、经济价值和生态价值。     

密云县退耕还林工程主要造林模式生态效益分析

密云县的退耕还林工程是京津风沙源治理工程的重要组成部分,分布在密云水库周围地区、国道、国铁干线公路两侧,以及生态脆弱地区。主要造林模式为生态型经济林造林模式、经济林模式、农业生态旅游模式、速生丰产林模式与水源保护林模式(荒山造林模式)。对退耕还林工程的生态效益进行了调查与深入的分析,结果表明:密云县退耕还林工程在净化空气、减少风沙危害、保持水土等各方面效益显著。     

Agroforestry in the management of sloping lands in Asia and the Pacific

Steeply sloping lands are widespread in the tropics. An estimated 500 million people practice subsistence agriculture in these marginal areas. Continued population growth has led to the intensified cultivation of large areas of the sloping lands, exacerbating the problem of soil erosion. Although research shows that alley cropping and other contour agroforestry systems can stabilize the sloping lands, these systems have not been widely adopted by farmers. The Framework for Evaluating Sustainable Land Management (FESLM) has been tested in sloping land areas in the Philippines. Sustainable land management must be productive, stable, viable, and acceptable to farmers, while protecting soil and water resources. Farms on which contour hedgerow intercropping has been adopted meet the multifaceted requirements of FESLM, whereas the farmers' current practice does not. Appropriate land management measures for particular locations depend on a complex suite of social, economic, and biophysical factors, and need to be developed in participation with farmers. The role of agroforestry in sustainable management of sloping lands is the subject of networks coordinated by the International Board for Soil Research and Management (IBSRAM) in seven countries in Asia (ASIALAND) and four countries in the Pacific (PACIFICLAND). We review selected outcomes from a wealth of network data. From these results the following conclusions about the sustainability of various agroforestry systems for sloping lands can be drawn: • In the Pacific, soil loss from sloping lands due to water erosion under farmers' current practices is episodic, unpredictable, and possibly not severe; • Agroforestry systems that utilize legume shrubs, fruit trees, coffee (Coffea spp.) or rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) provide useful economic returns, but are not an essential component in terms of soil protection because grass or pineapple (Ananas comosus) planted on the contour are equally effective in reducing erosion; • Agricultural intensification will lead to nutrient mining, reduction of aboveground biomass, declining yields, and less soil protection unless external sources of nutrients are used; • nitrogen can be effectively supplied using legumes; • Cash derived from hedgerow trees and/or shrubs may providean incentive for their adoption by farmers, as well as funds to purchase external inputs such as fertilizers; • Labor may be a major constraint to the adoption of complex agroforestry systems. We also discuss the information management systems required to effectively manage and utilize the extensive sets of experimental and indigenous data being accumulated. We believe such information systems can facilitate technology transfer across and between regions, and improve the efficiency of research into agroforestry and other land-management approaches. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

对在海南建设生态桑树种植园的探讨

文章通过对桑树的形态特征、生态习性、种植的阐述,以其果实桑葚的经济价值及开发为重点进行分析,提出了在海南建设以种植果桑为主的生态桑树种植园的想法,并对其必要性、可行性进行了论述。     

湘西坡耕地主要经济林生态经营模式与效果

湘西是湖南省退耕还林工程的重点区域。湘西坡耕地采用经济林生态经营模式退耕还林,取得显著的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。调查研究了湘西地区坡耕地治理中推广的主要经济林生态经营模式与效果,总结发掘了湘西5大模式类型,并阐述了主要典型模式的结构特点、适用范围与效果。