大豆生物活性肽对肉鸡肠道黏膜上皮内淋巴细胞和IgA+生成细胞的影响

500只1日龄爱维因肉鸡随机分为五组：分别饲喂添加了不同浓度的大豆生物活性肽（三组）、抗生素和不合大豆生物活性肽的日粮，在28、49日龄取材，采用HE染色方法和免疫组织化学方法检测肉鸡十二指肠、空肠、盲肠扁桃体的上皮内淋巴细胞（Intraepithelial Lymphocyte，IEL）和IgA^＋生成细胞数量，观察大豆生物活性肽对肉鸡肠道黏膜免疫细胞的影响。结果表明：日粮中添加80g/kg～120g/kg大豆生物活性肽能够调解肉鸡的肠道黏膜免疫。     

大豆异黄酮对固始鸡小肠形态结构的影响

本研究旨在探讨饲粮中添加不同水平大豆异黄酮(ISO)对固始鸡小肠形态结构的影响。将80只1日龄固始鸡雏鸡随机分成4组:对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、3 mg/kg大豆异黄酮组、6 mg/kg大豆异黄酮组、9 mg/kg大豆异黄酮组,每组20只鸡。结果表明:1)大豆异黄酮对固始鸡体重和小肠长度没有显著影响(P>0.05);2)大豆异黄酮显著影响了空肠和回肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)值(P<0.05);3)大豆异黄酮对固始鸡35日龄十二指肠和21、35日龄回肠杯状细胞的数量具有显著影响(P<0.05);4)除35日龄空肠外,大豆异黄酮对固始鸡肠道肥大细胞的数量具有显著影响(P<0.05)。综上,在本试验条件下,固始鸡饲粮大豆异黄酮的最适添加水平为6 mg/kg。     

互叶白千层油(茶树油)对肉鸡小肠黏膜组织结构及肠道免疫细胞的影响

选用1日龄的雌性岭南黄肉鸡99只,随机分为3组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,每组33只。对照组常规饲养,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组分别在饮水中添加0.012 mL/L和0.020 mL/L的茶树油,试验至45日龄结束。解剖取十二指肠、空肠、回肠进行HE染色和PAS染色,观察小肠黏膜形态、上皮内淋巴细胞及杯状细胞数目。结果显示,2个试验组与对照组相比,各段小肠的绒毛长度增加,肠壁变薄,隐窝深度变浅,肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值增加;2个试验组的上皮内杯状细胞和淋巴细胞的数目高于对照组。结果表明,茶树油能够改善肉鸡小肠黏膜结构,增加小肠上皮内免疫细胞数量,提示茶树油对肉鸡的肠道吸收和肠道免疫功能具有增强作用。     

卷心菜浆液对肉仔鸡生长性能和肠道发育的影响

试验旨在研究饲料中添加不同剂量的卷心菜浆液对肉鸡生长性能和肠道发育的影响。选取健康、体重相近的1日龄肉仔鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加10、15、20 g/kg卷心菜浆液,试验期42 d。于试验第21、42天分别称重、计算采食量,采集十二指肠、空肠、回肠检测肠道发育指标。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验Ⅲ组22～42日龄的采食量、日增重显著提高(P0.05);与对照组相比,饲粮中添加15、20 g/kg卷心菜浆液,能够显著提高肉仔鸡21日龄的十二指肠绒毛长度、绒毛/隐窝比和42日龄的绒毛长度(P0.05),饲粮中添加20 g/kg卷心菜浆液,能够显著提高肉仔鸡21日龄的空肠绒毛长度、隐窝深度和42日龄回肠平滑肌厚度(P0.05)。提示在试验条件下,饲粮中添加卷心菜浆液,可改善肉鸡肠道发育状况,20 g/kg为较合适的添加剂量。     

玉米-杂粕型日粮添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡免疫功能、肠道形态和微生物菌群的影响

试验研究在玉米-杂粕型日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡免疫功能、肠道形态及微生物菌群的影响。试验将480只1日龄艾维因肉公鸡分为4个处理组,分别在基础日粮中添加0、709、1 419、2 128 IU/kg的木聚糖酶,每个处理6个重复,每个重复20只肉鸡,试验期44 d。结果表明:在玉米-杂粕型日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡免疫器官指数和免疫功能有一定影响1,419 IU/kg组44日龄肉鸡血液E花环和淋巴细胞转化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);添加木聚糖酶可不同程度提高22日龄肉鸡空肠和回肠肠道肠绒毛长度,降低十二指肠和回肠隐窝深度,显著增加肉鸡肠绒毛长度和隐窝深度的比值(P<0.05);显著降低十二指肠固有层厚度(P<0.05);显著增加44日龄肉鸡乳酸杆菌的数量。结果显示,在玉米-杂粕型日粮中添加1 419 IU/kg水平的木聚糖酶对改善肉鸡免疫指标、肠道形态及微生物菌群效果最佳。     

益生菌对高海拔缺氧条件下肉鸡生产性能和肠道功能的影响

试验旨在研究益生菌对高海拔缺氧条件下肉鸡生产性能、肠道消化酶活性和肠道形态的影响。270只1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加金霉素(添加剂量为50mg/kg日粮),益生菌组在基础日粮中添加益生菌(添加剂量为109 CFU/kg日粮)。结果表明,益生菌和抗生素对肉鸡生长前期(1~21日龄)生产性能没有显著影响(P0.05),但日粮添加益生菌和抗生素显著提高肉鸡42日龄体重和降低生长后期(22~42日龄)的饲料转化率FCR(P0.05)。相比于对照组和抗生素组,添加益生菌显著提高21和42日龄肉鸡十二指肠绒毛长度和绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值,并显著提高42日龄肉鸡肠道中淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性(P0.05)。研究结果表明,益生菌可以提高高海拔缺氧条件下肉鸡肠道中的消化酶活性和改善肠道形态。     

白藜芦醇对脂多糖刺激肉鸡生长性能和肠道屏障功能的影响

试验旨在研究白藜芦醇（RES）对脂多糖（LPS）刺激肉鸡生长性能、肠道黏膜形态、黏膜二糖酶活性和肠道菌群的影响。采用2（是否LPS刺激）×2(0或400 mg/kg RES)双因素试验设计，选用240只1日龄健康AA肉鸡公雏，随机分为4组，每组6个重复，每个重复10只。第16、18日龄和第20日龄，应激组肉鸡腹腔注射500μg/kg BW LPS，其余两组肉鸡腹腔注射等量生理盐水。试验期21 d。结果表明：(1)LPS刺激显著降低了肉鸡1～21日龄平均日增重和平均日采食量（P<0.05），显著降低肉鸡十二指肠绒毛高度、绒隐比和杯状细胞数量（P<0.05），显著降低回肠黏膜麦芽糖酶和蔗糖酶活性（P<0.05），显著降低回肠微生物OUT数量、Chao1和Shannon指数（P<0.05），显著降低回肠厚壁菌门丰度（P<0.05），显著提高回肠变形菌门丰度（P<0.05）。(2)日粮添加RES有提高肉鸡1～21日龄平均日增重的趋势（P=0.081），显著提高十二指肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度值和杯状细胞数量（P<0.05），显著提高回肠黏膜麦芽糖酶...     

热灭活植物乳杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态及免疫相关基因表达的影响

本研究旨在探讨日粮添加热灭活植物乳杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态及免疫相关基因表达的影响。试验将500只5日龄雄性Ross308肉鸡随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复50只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加10mg/kg热灭活植物乳杆菌。结果表明:日粮添加热灭活植物乳杆菌可以提高5～22d肉鸡体重和日增重(P 0.05),并较对照组显著降低了肉鸡的平均日采食量(P 0.05)。此外,热灭活植物乳杆菌组显著改善了42d肉鸡的体重、日增重和料重比(P 0.05),但对肉鸡平均日采食量、存活率和胴体及组织器官重量无显著影响(P 0.05)。处理组较对照组有提高22d肉鸡肠道绒毛高度、绒毛面积、绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值的趋势,其中十二指肠绒毛高度和空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值显著提高(P 0.05)。但在42d时,对照组与处理组肉鸡肠道绒毛高度、隐窝深度及绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值无显著差异(P 0.05)。热灭活植物乳杆菌组22d肉鸡脾脏IFN-β、IL-12β和IFN-γ的基因相对表达水平显著提高(P 0.05)。结论 :热灭活植物乳杆菌具有刺激肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫应答的特性,具有成为肉鸡行业替抗产品的潜力。     

中草药益生元对肉鸡肠道微生物和形态结构的影响

试验选取1日龄健康罗斯308肉鸡144只,随机分为6组,每组4个重复。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组为抗生素(0.25 g/kg的乳酸环丙沙星)组;Ⅲ～Ⅵ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的中草药益生元,进行试验期42 d的饲养试验后,屠宰测定肠道微生物和形态结构。结果表明:中草药益生元能促进肉鸡肠道微生态平衡。添加量在1.0%～2.0%各组能显著降低肠道内大肠杆菌的数量,0.5%～2.0%添加组能有效抑制总需氧菌生长,并显著促进乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌增殖;同时具有改善肉鸡肠道形态结构的作用,0.5%～2.0%的中草药益生元显著提高42 d肉鸡十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度和隐窝深度的比值(V/C);1.5%～2.0%的添加量显著降低了十二指肠隐窝深度,1.0%～2.0%的添加量显著降低了空肠隐窝深度;对肠壁厚度未产生显著影响。     

朱砂七多糖对雏鸡十二指肠组织形态的影响

通过在雏鸡饮水中每天添加低(0.3g/kg)、中(0.5g/kg)、高(0.7g/kg)剂量的朱砂七多糖(Polygonum cillinerve polysaccharide,PCP),运用常规组织学制片技术和染色方法分别观察了给药后7、14、21d鸡十二指肠的组织学特点,肠壁黏膜层上皮内淋巴细胞(intraepithelial lymphocytes,IEL)、柱状上皮细胞间杯状细胞(goblet cells,GC)和肠壁结缔组织内肥大细胞(mast cells MC)的数量差异,研究了朱砂七多糖对雏鸡十二指肠组织形态的影响。结果表明,PCP可使雏鸡十二指肠的绒毛高度增加、隐窝深度降低、绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值加大;并可增加黏膜上皮内淋巴细胞和杯状细胞以及肠壁肥大细胞的数量,表明PCP具有促进雏鸡十二指肠组织发育及增强肠道黏膜免疫的作用。     

Effect of soybean peptides on growth performance,intestinal structure and mucosal immunity of broilers

Five‐hundred 1‐day‐old broilers were randomly assigned to five groups, 100 chickens for each group. From group 1 to 3, 80, 120 and 200 mg/kg soybean peptides was added to the diets respectively; in the fourth group, 3.2 mg/kg genramycin was added; and the fifth group was the control without soybean peptides and antibiotics. At the age of 28 and 49 days, the number of goblet cells (GC), intestine intraepithelial lymphocyte, immunoglobulin A‐forming cells, the ratio of villous height and crypt depth (V/C) of broiler’s duodenum, jejunum and cecum were observed by the application of haematoxylin and eosin or histochemistry staining. The results indicated that soybean peptides added with 80–120 mg/kg could increase daily weight gain, the number of GC and V/C. Soybean peptides could modulate intestinal mucosal immunity of broilers.     

丁酸钠对肉鸡小肠黏膜免疫相关细胞的影响

本试验通过日粮中添加丁酸钠研究其对肉鸡小肠黏膜免疫相关细胞的影响.将32只1日龄健康AA肉鸡随机分为4个处理组:A组(对照组:基础日粮)、B组(丁酸钠组:基础日粮 500mg/kg丁酸钠)、C组(丁酸钠 芽孢杆菌组:基础日粮 100 mg/kg丁酸钠 200 mg/kg芽孢杆菌)和D组(丁酸钠 酶制剂组:基础日粮 100 mg/kg丁酸钠 500 mg/kg酶制剂).试验7周后,采用组织学技术研究肉鸡小肠黏膜免疫相关细胞的分布变化.结果显示:(1)与对照组比较,小肠肥大细胞、上皮内淋巴细胞及杯状细胞的形态无明显变化,肥大细胞多存在于肠腺周围和肠绒毛固有层,(2)各试验组的小肠肥大细胞、上皮内淋巴细胞及杯状细胞数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(3)各试验组和对照组小肠肥大细胞和上皮内淋巴细胞数均从前向后逐渐减少,十二指肠的肥大细胞最多,空肠的次之,回肠的较少;杯状细胞数则与之相反.由此可知,3种添加剂可不同程度地改善肉鸡小肠黏膜结构,且将丁酸钠分别与芽孢杆菌和酶制剂混合饲喂,效果在一定程度上好于单独饲喂丁酸钠.     

叶黄素和维生素C对高温环境中蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

研究了万寿菊叶黄素(Marigold Lutein,MAR)和维生素C(VC)对高温环境下罗曼粉壳蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响规律。将216只180日龄身体健康、体重相似的罗曼粉蛋鸡作为试验动物,随机分为6个组,每组设3个重复,每个重复12只鸡。试验1组为高温对照组,饲喂基础日粮,试验2组饲喂基础日粮+200mg/kg VC,试验3、4、5、6组在试验2组的基础上,分别添加60mg/kg、120mg/kg、180mg/kg、240mg/kg万寿菊叶黄素(分别组成复合剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ)。试验期56d,其中预试期14d,正式期42d。研究结果表明,在长期高温环境中,日粮中添加120mg/kg MAR+200mg/kg VC,可有效提高蛋鸡生产性能,其中采食量、产蛋率、平均蛋重分别较对照组提高26.79%(P<0.01)、13.87%(P<0.05)和4.1%(P<0.01),破壳率降低53.49%(P<0.01),死淘率为0;同时可有效改善蛋品质,与对照组比较,蛋壳厚度、哈氏单位、蛋黄相对重有提高的趋势(P>0.05);蛋黄RCF值提高2.12(P<0.01)、蛋黄红度(a*)提高90.37%(P<0.01)、蛋黄黄度(b*)提高11.36%(P<0.01)。     

Dried papaya skin as a dietary ingredient for broiler chickens

The chemical composition of dried papaya (Carica papaya) skin (DPS) was determined and its potential as a dietary ingredient for broiler chickens was investigated at dietary concentrations of 0, 40, 80 and 120g/kg. DPS was found to give similar food consumption, food conversion efficiency, survivability and meat yields (except male liver weight) to a control diet when used up to 120 g/kg of diet. Weight gain tended to increase with dietary concentration of DPS up to 80 g/kg. It was concluded that DPS could safely be used up to 120 g/kg in the diet of broiler chickens.     

Effects of Astragalus membranaceus on growth performance,carcass characteristics,and antioxidant status of broiler chickens

Abstract

An experiment was conducted using 720 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens to evaluate the effects of Astragalus membranaceus root powder (AMP), Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and antioxidant enzymes, and metabolites of blood and liver in broiler chickens. The six dietary treatments included a control that was a corn–soybean meal basal diet; basal diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg antibiotic; 350 mg/kg APS; or 5000, 10,000, or 15,000 mg/kg diet of AMP. Supplementation of 10,000 mg/kg AMP increased average daily gain and feed conversion rate of broilers in grower period (22–42 d) and over the entire experiment compared to basic diet. Responses of antioxidant status to dietary APS and AMP varied depending on the age of the broilers. Beneficial effects of AMP on growth and feed utilization of broilers could be obtained by inclusion of AMP at the rate of 10,000 mg/kg diet.     

Apparent metabolisable energy and digestibility of shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) fat, cocoa (Theobroma cacao) fat and soybean oil in broiler chicks

1. The objective of this experiment was to determine and compare the apparent lipid digestibility coefficient and apparent metabolisable energy (AME) value of shea nut (Vitellaria paradoxa, Gaertn.) fat in broiler chickens with that of soybean oil and cocoa fat. 2. One hundred and sixty 13-d-old male broiler chicks were used in a randomised complete block design. The fats were added at 30, 60 and 90 g/kg to a basal diet. A tenth dietary treatment was the basal feed with no added fats or oils. The birds were fed on the diets for 8 d and all droppings were collected for the final 4 d. 3. The mean coefficient of apparent lipid digestibility for shea fat (0.58) was similar to that of cocoa fat (0.54) but lower than that of soybean oil (0.95). There was evidence of a lipid x concentration interaction with the 90 g/kg shea fat diet having low lipid digestibility (0.43). 4. There was an interaction between the effects of dietary lipid concentration and test lipid on AME but, at dietary levels of 60 g/kg and below, the AME of shea fat (22.0 MJ/kg DM) and cocoa fat (26.4 MJ/kg DM) was significantly lower than that of soybean oil (39.8 MJ/kg DM).     

天蚕素抗菌肽对817肉杂鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究天蚕素抗菌肽对817肉杂鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响。选取1日龄817肉杂鸡900羽,随机分为5个处理组（对照组、抗生素组及Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组）,每组6个重复,每个重复30羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加150 mg/kg金霉素,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加100、200和300 mg/kg天蚕素抗菌肽,试验期42 d。结果显示,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组能显著提高1~21日龄817肉杂鸡的平均日增重（P<0.05）,显著降低料重比（P<0.05）;显著提高21、42日龄817肉杂鸡的胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏指数（P<0.05）;显著提高42日龄肉杂鸡的ND抗体水平和T淋巴细胞转化率（P<0.05）,表明在日粮中添加天蚕素抗菌肽能提高817肉杂鸡的生长性能和免疫功能,在本试验条件下,适宜的添加量为200 mg/kg。     

Evaluation of Aloe vera and synbiotic as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on performance,gut morphology,immune responses and blood constitutes of broiler chickens

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with Aloe vera (AV) powder and synbiotic as growth promoter agents on performance, gut morphology, immune responses, hematology and serum biochemistry in broilers. A total of 240‐day‐old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to six treatments with four replicates. Birds were offered either a corn‐soybean meal basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg virginiamycin (VM), 1 g/kg synbiotic (Syn), 2.5 g/kg AV (AV1), 5.0 g/kg AV (AV2) or 7.5 g/kg AV (AV3). Chickens fed any of the diets, except diet AV1, exhibited better feed conversion ratios at the 14–28 day period and higher average daily gain and duodenal villus height/crypt depth ratio at 42 days than those fed the control diet. Synbiotic supplementation caused a marked increase in the serum antibody titer against infectious bursal disease and infectious bronchitis vaccines. Feeding diet AV3 significantly increased red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration, and decreased serum triglyceride level compared to the control group. The results suggested that dietary inclusion of 5 and 7.5 g/kg AV, similar with synbiotic supplementation, can be applied as effective alternatives to in‐feed antibiotics for broiler diets.     

Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide on Growth Performance and Immune Function of 817 Broiler Hybrids

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of antimicrobial peptide on growth performance and immune function of 817 broiler hybrids. Nine hundred one-day-old 817 broiler hybrids were chosen and randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 30 broilers per replicate.The broilers in control group were fed with basal diet, broilers in the antibiotic group were fed with basal diet supplemented 150 mg/kg aureomycin,and that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed with basal diet supplemented 100,200 and 300 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide,respectively. The experiment period was 42 days. The results showed that average daily gain of 817 broiler hybrids in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05),meanwhile the F/G was significantly decreased at 1-21 days old (P<0.05).The immune organ indexes of thymus,bursa of Fabricius and spleen were significantly increased at 21 and 42 days old (P<0.05),and the antibody level against ND and T lymphocyte transformation rate of 42 days old 817 broiler hybrids were improved (P<0.05). It indicated that antimicrobial peptide could increased growth performance and immune function of 817 broiler hybrids as same with aureomycin,and appropriate dosage of antimicrobial peptide was 200 mg/kg in this experiment.     

Metabolisable energy value and digestibility of fat and fatty acids in linseed determined with growing broiler chickens

1. In the first experiment, the AMEN of linseed was evaluated at rates of 40, 80, 160 and 240 g/kg in a basal diet with broiler chickens aged 28 d using the total collection method. 2. Increasing the concentration of linseed decreased the AMEN of diet, from 11.78 to 8.75 MJ/kg DM, and AMEN of linseed, from 16.64 to -2.96 MJ/kg DM. The negative values clearly indicated that linseed interacted with the other dietary ingredients and impaired their energy utilisation. 3. In the second experiment, a semipurified diet with graded addition of linseed (80, 120, 160 and 240 g/kg DM) was evaluated for crude fat and fatty acid apparent digestibilities. The coefficients decreased from 0.602 to 0.359 for crude fat and from 0.661 to 0.352 for individual fatty acids as the level of linseed increased. 4. In both experiments, a quadratic regression model explained the relationship between data better than the linear model. 5. The presence of mucilage and other antinutritional factors in linseed might explain the results obtained in this study.