Detection of downy and powdery mildew resistance QTL in a ‘Regent’ × ‘RedGlobe’ population

One hundred and eighty six F₁ plants from a ‘Regent’ × ‘RedGlobe’ cross were used to generate a partial linkage map with 139 microsatellite markers spanning all 19 chromosomes. Phenotypic scores for downy mildew, taken over two years, confirmed a major resistance QTL (Rpv3) against downy mildew in the interval VVIN16-cjvh to UDV108 on chromosome 18 of ‘Regent’. This locus explained up to 62 % of the phenotypic variance observed. Additionally a putative minor downy mildew resistance locus was observed on chromosome 1 in one season. A major resistance locus against powdery mildew (Ren3) was also identified on chromosome 15 of ‘Regent’ in the interval UDV116 to VChr15CenGen06. This study established the efficacy of and validated the ‘Regent’-derived downy and powdery mildew major resistance genes/QTL under South African conditions. Closely linked SSR markers for marker-assisted selection and gene pyramiding strategies were identified.     

‘寒富’ב岳帅’苹果杂交后代遗传多样性的SSR分析

本研究通过SSR标记,分析‘寒富’ב岳帅’杂交后代的遗传多样性。研究结果显示:20条SSR引物共扩增出54条带,其中多态性条带49条,多态性比率为90.7%,供试样品的基因多样性(H)和Shannon信息指数(I)分别为0.52和0.83。研究结果表明通过杂交,‘寒富’ב岳帅’杂交组合发生了基因的分离和重组,产生了丰富的遗传变异,可为今后育种提供优异种质材料。     

Assessment of tissue culture-derived ‘Gala’ and ‘Royal Gala’ apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) for somaclonal variation

To assess somaclonal variation, ‘Gala’ and ‘Royal Gala’ trees obtained via axillary and adventitious bud formation were compared ex vitro to conventionally grafted trees. In general, tissue culture-derived trees were relatively erect in comparison to grafted trees. Their branch angles were narrower than those of grafted trees. All trees that flowered had pink blossoms. There were no obvious differences in flowering time or in floral morphology. Most of the seven-year-old grafted control trees produced more fruits than either axillary or regenerated trees. Although there were differences in the range of fruit color between ‘Royal Gala’ and ‘Gala’ apples in both the control and tissue culture-derived plants (the fruits of ‘Royal Gala’ were darker red and more striped than those of ‘Gala’) and also in the degree of pigmentation from tree-to-tree, none of the variation exceeded that observed among apples harvested from an individual ‘Royal Gala’ or ‘Gala’ control tree for either the plants derived from axillary buds or adventitiously. Since both ‘Gala’ and ‘Royal Gala’ axillary buds showed very little somaclonal variation for the morphological and reproductive traits we studied, it appears that tissue culture may be a useful way to propagate these cultivars. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

春兰‘金荷鼎’ב赤蕙’杂交根状茎芽分化及生根的研究

以‘金荷鼎’ב赤蕙’根状茎为材料,研究根状茎芽分化和生根情况,包括BA与IBA的浓度配比对分化的影响和BA与NAA的浓度配比对生根的影响。结果表明,1/2MS+ IBA 0.2 mg/L+ BA 2 mg/L为春兰‘金荷鼎’ב赤蕙’根状茎的最佳分化培养基;春兰杂交兰最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+ BA 0.1 mg/L+ NAA 2 mg/L。杂交育种与组织培养技术结合是国兰新品种选育的有效方法。     

The effect of temperature on fruit set,seed set and seed germination in ‘Sonia’ × ‘Hadley’ hybrid Tea-rose crosses

Summary The effect of temperature on fruit set, seed set and seed germination was studied in Sonia × Hadley Hybrid Tea-rose crosses. Sonia mother bushes were grown at constant temperatures (10, 14, 18, 22, 26°C) in the greenhouses of the phytotron until fruit ripening. Fruit set, fruit weight and number of seeds increased as temperature was higher. Optimum temperatures were found for days to fruit ripening (18°C), seed germination (22°C) and number of seedlings per pollinated flower (22°C). Fruit weight and number of seeds were positively correlated. For crossing and the subsequent growing of seed-bearing plants 22°C was the most favourable temperature. Effects of temperature on pollen tube growth, fertilization and seed germination are discussed.     

‘新世纪梨’ב崇化大梨’F1代分子遗传连锁图谱的构建

研究目的在于为以后控制重要农艺性状的QTL定位、梨分子标记辅助育种及品种改良提供基础理论。利用‘新世纪梨’ב崇化大梨’杂交得到的210 株F1代实生苗为作图群体,对分离群体进行了ISSR、SRAP、SSR 标记的多态性检测,共得到154 条多态性条带,其中偏离孟德尔遗传比例的含21.4%(P＜0.01)。应用JoinMap 4.0 软件对154 个多态性条带进行遗传连锁分析,构建了一张包括9 个SSR标记,79个SRAP标记,8个ISSR标记,合计96个标记分属于14个连锁群的遗传图谱,图谱总长度为1530 cM,平均图距为16.1 cM,最大的连锁群含有64个标记,最小遗传距离小于0.1 cM。     

Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on ripening of ‘Canino’ apricots and ‘Royal Zee’ plums

‘Canino’ apricots and ‘Royal Zee’ plums were treated with 1000 nl l⁻¹ 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at 20 °C for 20 h following harvest before 0 °C storage. After 5 days storage for apricots and 10 days for plums and after 30 days storage for both, fruit were moved to 20 °C for ripening. In addition, apricots were stored for 20 days and then treated with 1-MCP concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 nl l⁻¹ at removal and held for ripening. Ethylene production and respiration rate, as well as fruit quality of apricots varied with treatment. Ethylene production was efficiently inhibited by 1000 nl l⁻¹ 1-MCP in fruit treated after storage but not in fruit treated before storage. Fruit softening was associated with ethylene production and affected by 1-MCP in a concentration dependent manner when treated after storage, while 1-MCP did not affect softening in prestorage treated fruit. The color change of fruit was ethylene-independent and not affected by 1-MCP. Internal flesh browning was decreased by 1-MCP regardless of the concentration when treated after storage, while it was enhanced in fruit treated before storage. Decay development in apricots was decreased by 1-MCP in a concentration dependent manner. Ethylene production and respiration in ‘Royal Zee’ plums was greatly inhibited by 1-MCP during ripening after both short-term (10 day) and long term (30 day) storage. Parameters associated with ripening processes were decreased significantly by 1-MCP, including softening, color change, and loss of titratable acidity. These data demonstrate that 1-MCP has potential to delay ripening of apricots and plums, but the cultivar, maturity of fruit, and time of application must be chosen carefully. It is suggested that 1-MCP is more efficient for extending the shelf life and improving the quality of ‘Canino’ apricots directly marketed or after storage, whereas it might be a potent compound for extending both storage period and shelf life of ‘Royal Zee’ plums.     

‘荷’你‘藕’遇

正七八月是赏荷的季节。打开互联网,随意一搜,全国各地的荷展就超过百个,但是今年顶级的荷展在江苏扬州。7月28日上午,第30届全国荷花展在扬州瘦西湖风景区开幕,全国27个省市近400名业内专家齐聚于此,共同感受"一水回环杨柳外,画船往来藕花天"的荷之盛宴。全国政协人口资源环境委员会副主任、     

大麦‘云啤2号’ב大粒麦’RILs群体籽粒生物碱含量的QTLs分析

大麦是药食同源作物,含生物碱等功能成分,为研究生物碱含量的分子遗传作用,本研究通过利用‘云啤2号’及‘大粒麦’为亲本,构建的重组自交系群体为研究材料,通过2015年及2016年两年亲本及重组自交系群体后代的籽粒生物碱含量进行测定,分析生物碱在群体中的遗传变异规律,并在此基础上对大麦籽粒生物碱含量进行QTL定位。研究结果表明,2015年生物碱亲本含量分别为24.16 mg/100 g,2.62 mg/100 g,群体后代平均值为8.16 mg/100 g,2016年生物碱亲本含量分别为20.74 mg/100 g,2.85 mg/100 g,群体后代平均值为9.83 mg/100 g,有超亲分离现象,生物碱含量遗传变异较大,两年生物碱含量均呈单峰分布曲线,表现出数量性状遗传特征,两年共检测到3个生物碱相关的QTL,大麦籽粒生物碱表型贡献率范围是7.54%~12.38%,其中一个主效QTL位点位于7H染色体上,结果表明,大麦籽粒生物碱含量是受少数主效基因和微效基因共同影响的数量性状。     

QTLs for barley yield adaptation to Mediterranean environments in the ‘Nure’ × ‘Tremois’ biparental population

Multi-environment trials represent a highly valuable tool for the identification of the genetic bases of crop yield potential and stress adaptation. A Diversity Array Technology^®-based barley map has been developed in the ‘Nure’ × ‘Tremois’ biparental Doubled Haploid population, harbouring the genomic position of a gene set with a putative role in the regulation of flowering time and abiotic stress response in barley. The population has been evaluated in eighteen location-by-year combinations across the Mediterranean basin. QTL mapping identified several genomic regions responsible for barley adaptation to Mediterranean conditions in terms of phenology, grain yield and yield component traits. The most frequently detected yield QTL had the early flowering HvCEN_EPS2 locus (chromosome 2H) as peak marker, showing a positive effect from the early winter parent ‘Nure’ in eight field trials, and explaining up to 45.8 % of the observed variance for grain yield. The HvBM5A_VRN-H1 locus on chromosome 5H and the genomic region possibly corresponding to PPD-H2 on chromosome 1H were significantly associated to grain yield in five and three locations, respectively. Environment-specific QTLs for grain yield, and clusters of yield component QTLs not related to phenology and or developmental genes (e.g. on chromosome 4H, BIN_09) were observed as well. The results of this work provide a valuable source of knowledge and tools for both explaining the genetic bases of barley yield adaptation across the Mediterranean basin, and using QTL-associated markers for MAS pre-breeding and breeding programmes.     

‘新世纪梨’ב崇化大梨’F1代分子遗传连锁图谱的构建

本研究目的在于为以后控制重要农艺性状的QTL定位、梨分子标记辅助育种及品种改良提供基础理论。利用‘新世纪梨’ב崇化大梨’杂交得到的210株F₁代实生苗为作图群体,对分离群体进行了ISSR、SRAP、SSR标记的多态性检测,共得到154条多态性条带,其中偏离孟德尔遗传比例的含21.4%(P<0.01)。应用JoinMap 4.0软件对154个多态性条带进行遗传连锁分析,构建了一张包括9个SSR标记,79个SRAP标记,8个ISSR标记,合计96个标记分属于14个连锁群的遗传图谱,图谱总长度为1530 cM,平均图距为16.1 cM,最大的连锁群含有64个标记,最小遗传距离小于0.1 cM。

     

‘寒富’ב四倍体嘎拉’苹果的三倍性杂交后代ISSR和AFLP分析

利用ISSR及AFLP分子标记技术研究了‘寒富’ב四倍体嘎拉’苹果的7份三倍性后代及其亲本的遗传变异。结果表明ISSR扩增得到的遗传多样性指数中扩增多态性比率(PPB)为60.00%,观察等位基因数(Na)为1.600,有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.420,Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)为0.236,Shannon信息指数(I)为0.346;均小于AFLP扩增的遗传多样性指数66.54%、1.665、1.421、0.240和0.357。根据ISSR和AFLP得到的UPGMA聚类图显示这7份三倍性杂交后代倾向于母本‘寒富’。在三倍性苹果遗传多样性检测上AFLP优于ISSR,且这7份三倍性新种质在遗传上倾向于母本遗传。为三倍性苹果育种的亲本选择提供依据。     

Breeding of new rice cultivar ‘Tohoku 194’ with ‘Sasanishiki’-type good eating quality of cooked rice

Cooked rice of ‘Sasanishiki’ is soft and not as sticky as those of Japanese leading cultivars ‘Koshihikari’ and ‘Hitomebore’. As a method for efficient selection of a breeding line having a good eating quality like that of ‘Sasanishiki’, the use of physical properties of cooked rice and cooking quality was examined. There were differences of physical properties of the surface layer, starch-iodine blue value per solid substance weight in cooking water and volume expansion of cooked rice between ‘Sasanishiki’ and ‘Hitomebore’, these properties being considered to be usable for the selection of breeding lines. Using these traits as selection targets, one line, named ‘Tohoku 194’, which has eating quality highly similar to that of ‘Sasanishiki’ and cold tolerance derived from ‘Hitomebore’, was selected from progeny of a cross between ‘Sasanishiki’ and ‘Hitomebore’. An application for registration as a new variety has been submitted for ‘Tohoku 194’ under the Japanese Plant Variety Protection Act, and is expected to become a recommended cultivar in Miyagi Prefecture. ‘Tohoku 194’ may fulfill various demands of consumers and companies in the food industry.     

自由人槭‘秋焰’(Acer×freemanii‘Autumn Blaze’)组培的褐变控制研究

针对自由人槭‘秋焰’(Acer×freemanii‘Autumn Blaze’)初代培养外植体褐化严重问题,采取不同取材时间、添加抗褐变剂、暗处理等措施,研究了三种措施对自由人槭‘秋焰’组织培养中褐化的影响效应。结果表明:随着取材月份变化,外植体褐化率提高;AC和PVP对褐变的处理,与Vc和Na2S2O3的处理相比达到差异极显著,又以2.0g/L的PVP抑制褐化效果最佳;随着黑暗处理时间的加长,褐化率呈现高-低-高的变化趋势。春季4、5月份取材,接种于添加PVP2.0g/L的MS上时,直接进行光照培养,可有效控制褐变。     

长筒石蒜×红蓝石蒜杂种‘粉蓝石蒜’的生理特性分析

为研究以长筒石蒜为母本和红蓝石蒜为父本的杂交后代‘粉蓝石蒜’杂种优势,利用LI-6400 便携式光合分析仪测定了‘粉蓝石蒜’的光合参数,并对其生物碱的含量进行分析。结果表明：‘粉蓝石蒜’的净光合效率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、叶绿素a 和b 含量及光合色素总量介于其2 个亲本之间;水分利用效率高于亲本;石蒜碱含量高于亲本,加兰他敏含量比亲本低。‘粉蓝石蒜’在抗旱性和药用活性成分（石蒜碱）含量方面表现出了杂种的优势。     

‘罗宾娜’有望替代‘元帅’成畅销品种

今年以来，昆明斗南花卉批发市场上的百合品种结构出现了新变化，继今年1月份起亚洲百合退出大宗市场外，最近一段时间，已种植10余年的红色代表品种‘元帅’出现隐退迹象，“OT”系列百合品种‘罗宾娜’取而代之，其产量逐渐增加，价格居高不下，有望成为今后红色系的代表品种而畅销国内外市场。     

康乃馨新秀‘红色恋人’力压‘达拉斯’

母亲节前后昆明斗南花市康乃馨日上市量猛增至1200万支，均价也从4月份的0．33元／支涨至0．60元／支，其中红色系列（挑红色、红色）品种最为畅销，均价为0．70元／支。红色系主打品种‘达拉斯’（‘Dallas’）无论是规模还是价格日渐衰落，而其相似品种‘红色恋人’（‘Bombay’），上市量飙升，价格居高不下，成为康乃馨新秀。     

切花红掌‘热情’‘火焰’的综合比较

最早进入中国市场的切花红掌几乎都是红色，如今市场上红色系品种比例下降了不少，但仍然是最主要的色系。     

年年岁岁‘月月红’

‘月月红’是月季大家族中最普通的一种。它没有牡丹的雍容华贵,也不像杜鹃、茶花那样绚丽多彩。然而‘月月红’名符其实,几乎月月都能开出小小的粉红色花朵,平凡而好养,也因此赢得了大家的厚爱。公园里、草地边、人行道旁、庭院里、阳台上……从城市到乡村,到处可看到它可爱的身影。我对‘月月红’十分钟爱。20多年前,我养的第一盆花就是友人送的‘月月红’。图1是它的第五代扦插苗长大后的样子。这些年的养植,颇有一些体会。‘月月红’适宜生长在阳光充足、空气流通的环境中,喜欢疏松肥沃、排水良好的中性或微酸性土壤。植株壮实而根