烤烟井窖式小苗移栽技术研究进展

烤烟移栽技术一直是全国各大烟区烟农和科研人员不断研究创新的领域，随着社会经济和烤烟生产的发展，许多烟区在生产中遇到了技术瓶颈，新型移栽技术的研发与推广日显必要。综述了烤烟移栽技术的发展与井窖式小苗移栽技术的优势，并对其研究方向进行了展望，以为该技术的完善及推广提供参考。     

油菜硫代葡萄糖苷检测技术研究进展

硫代葡萄糖苷是发生在白花菜目植物的一类重要生物活性物质，其研究依赖于检测技术的发展，本文就 硫代葡萄糖苷检测技术研究进展进行了综述。     

我国水果型甘蔗育种研究的现状和今后的研究方向

水果型甘蔗分为果蔗和糖果兼用蔗两类。在果蔗育种方面，已搜集了数十个品种，并查明其农艺、产量和商品性状；探明了果蔗组培的培养基和激素对腋芽快繁的影响及果蔗组培苗假植技术；研究出了果蔗脱毒技术，明确了脱毒可以提高果蔗产量和品质，但却不能增强其抗病性；果蔗开花诱导技术已使Badila等开花结实，但此技术还不成熟，不能在果蔗育种中应用；进行了果蔗辐射育种和系统育种研究，从Badila中选出了义红果蔗品种。在糖果兼用蔗育种方面，已从糖蔗品种中筛选出了一些糖果兼用蔗品种；我国第一个由政府资助研究的糖果兼用蔗育种项目已培育出一个品种。今后，要完善果蔗开花诱导技术，广泛搜集水果型甘蔗品种资源，测定其抗逆性，开展系统育种、辐射育种、细胞工程和基因工程及分子标记等研究。     

作物生产动态模拟模型研究与应用

概要介绍了动态模拟技术在作物生产中的研究和应用简况、动态模拟的基本原理、模型的组建与验证，对有待进一步研究的问题进行了讨论，对其前景作了展望     

湖南两项茶叶成果通过省级鉴定

由湖南省茶叶研究所、湖南省三利进出口有限公司共同完成的“茶叶增值加工技术研究”、“高EGCG茶关键技术研究与开发”项目，分别于4月23日、6月27日通过了湖南省科学技术厅组织的成果鉴定。“茶叶增值加工技术研究”突破了传统茶叶加工模式，系统研究了茶叶中γ-氨基丁酸的生物转化技术，大幅度提高了茶叶中γ-氨基丁酸的含量，其核心技术“高γ-氨基丁酸茶的湿法生产技术”获得国家专利。此外，研究了超微茶粉、果香茶的加工技术以及系列奶茶粉的配制技术。生产出高品质的超微茶粉、系列奶茶粉及风味优良的10余种果香茶。     

花生种子未成熟叶片简单预处理PCR 技术的建立与应用

介绍了一种快速廉价直接用于PCR的花生种子未成熟叶片预处理技术，其结果稳定可靠，利用该技术已成功地克隆了RS和DES两个基因片段，该项技术在花生分子标记，标化体筛选鉴定和基因分离研究中具有广泛的应用前景。     

浅谈战略转型条件下海南橡胶资产的保护

对番木瓜传统的单芽腹接法种苗繁殖进行芽接技术的创新研究，并采用3种嫁接方法进行比较试验。结果表明：不同品种的番木瓜采用创新研究技术的单芽腹接创新法的发芽率为67.50%，比传统单芽切接法高23.6%；单芽腹接创新法比切接法的发芽率高14.8%；芽接技术的创新研究取得了突破性进展，其研究结果对番木瓜产业化的发展具有重要的促进作用。     

黑茶制造技术理论发展概况

黑茶是我国特有茶类，历史悠久。本文论述了黑茶制作技术理论发展的历史，从加工原理、微生物研究以及成分分析方面阐述了其发展现状，从改进工艺、革新设备、安全生产以及多样化产品开发方面分析了其发展趋势。     

茶椰圆蚧若虫空间分布型及抽样技术

茶椰圆蚧又名椰圆盾蚧、琉璃圆蚧、木瓜介壳虫等，属同翅目盾蚧科。最早发生于印度洋沿岸，包括亚洲和非洲的部分国家，是椰树和香蕉树的主要害虫。在我国，主要分布于包括台湾省在内的沿海各省和地区，寄主广泛。在茶树上，广泛分布于长江以南的茶区。为进一步研究其防治技术准确预报其发生情况，本文对茶椰圆蚧若虫空间分布型及抽样技术作了研究和探讨。     

冀中南棉花无膜栽培技术

为了治理冀中南棉田地膜污染，河北省农林科学院高效复种课题组经过多年研究与实践，总结出一套适合冀中南棉花无膜栽培的技术方案。本文从棉田备播、栽培技术要点等方面介绍了该技术，概述了其在当地的良好示范表现，为当地棉花绿色高效生产提供参考。     

大麦表皮蜡质组分及晶体结构的差异性分析

为了解不同大麦品种(系)表皮蜡质组分及结构的差异,以7个大麦品种(系)开花期的倒二叶、穗下节及穗为材料,利用GC-MS和S-4800场发射扫描电子显微镜测定不同器官表皮蜡质组分,观察其晶体结构。结果表明,大麦不同器官表皮蜡质均是由烷烃、初级醇、醛、脂肪酸、二酮等20种物质组成,不同品种及不同器官表皮蜡质组分种类无明显差异,但组分含量差异显著;同一品种(系),表面有白霜覆盖器官蜡质总量明显高于无白霜覆盖器官。穗下节表皮蜡质及穗部白霜型品种(系)表皮蜡质的二酮含量最高,穗部无白霜品种(系)(QS、FR、SYR01)表皮蜡质以烷烃和初级醇为主,二酮含量显著低于白霜型品种;叶片表皮蜡质则以初级醇为主,含量明显高于其他组分,且品种(系)间差异显著。电镜观察结果表明,参试品种(系)倒二叶近轴面和远轴面表皮蜡质晶体均呈片状结构;穗下节表皮蜡质晶体结构均呈棒状,SYR01穗下节蜡质晶体附着密度远小于其余6个穗下节有白霜覆盖品种(系)。白霜型大麦品种(系)穗部表皮蜡质完全为棒状,非白霜型品种(系)穗部表面仅有少量片状蜡质晶体或无蜡质晶体附着。     

干旱胁迫对大麦叶片表皮蜡质含量及主要生理指标的影响

为了探究大麦对干旱胁迫的反应机制,采用裂区设计研究了干旱胁迫对不同大麦品种灌浆期旗叶和旗叶鞘表皮蜡质含量及主要生理指标的影响。结果表明,与正常水分处理相比,干旱胁迫可促进大麦表皮蜡质的合成;大麦不同品种间蜡质含量差异显著,抗旱品种的蜡质含量显著高于干旱敏感品种。在干旱胁迫下,大麦叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量及气孔导度显著降低,且抗旱品种降低幅度较干旱敏感品种缓慢;蒸腾速率和胞间CO2浓度显著增加,且抗旱品种的增加幅度低于干旱敏感品种。品种因素对大麦叶片蜡质含量、净光合速率、气孔导度的影响较水分处理的影响大。大麦表皮蜡质含量与水分利用效率呈显著正相关,表明表皮蜡质对提高大麦抗旱性有一定积极意义。     

PEG6000胁迫对大麦幼苗叶片表皮蜡质组分及其透性的影响

为了探究干旱胁迫条件下大麦幼苗叶片表皮蜡质组分和含量与品种保水能力的关系,采用PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫,研究干旱胁迫对大麦幼苗叶片表皮蜡质组分、含量及叶片表皮透性的影响。结果发现,胁迫6d后,大麦幼苗叶片的表皮蜡质总量和各组分含量均呈极显著增加。气相色谱-质谱联用分析表明,大麦幼苗叶片表皮蜡质的主要组分为醇类、酸类、醛类、酮类、烷烃类、酚类、酯类及一些未知物质,其中含量较多的组分为醇类和酸类,其次为醛类,且这三种蜡质组成成分的增加量也相对较多,说明在大麦幼苗叶片蜡质组分中,醇类、酸类和醛类物质的合成是大麦幼苗叶片表皮蜡质对干旱胁迫响应的关键。表皮蜡质的合成受植物体内水分状况的调控,尤其是蜡质组分中的醛类、酮类、醇类和酯类物质的合成受胁迫影响较大,是构成表皮蜡质应激反应的主要成分。蜡质含量高的品种的失水率相对较低,在逆境胁迫下可以保持相对较高的含水量,但除品种垦啤6号外,其他品种的叶绿素浸出率均增加,这可能是由不完整的表皮或蜡质组分中大量的醇类物质造成的。     

Extraction of lipids from flax processing waste using hot ethanol

The cuticle of flax stems contains lipids that provide a protective barrier to pathogens and control moisture loss. These lipids include wax esters and long chain fatty alcohols or policosanols. Cuticle fragments generated during several different fiber processing operations retain these lipid compounds that represent a potential co-product. Samples of flax shives (i.e., lignified core tissues), processing dust, and cuticular fractions recovered from enzyme retting waste water were extracted on a laboratory scale with hot ethanol to remove the lipid compounds. Ethanol extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the amount and type of lipids recovered. The results demonstrated that hot ethanol effectively extracted the lipid compounds from cuticle fragments in all these samples. When the extract was cooled, the longer chain wax esters (i.e., chain length of 44 carbon atoms or larger) precipitated and could be separated from the shorter chain lipid components (i.e., fatty alcohols and aldehydes less than 44 carbons). Similar results were obtained using absolute ethanol or 95% ethanol (aqueous). This technique provides a very economical method to recover lipid fractions as potential value-added co-product from flax processing waste.     

嫁接冬瓜干物质以及氮、磷、钾养分累积与分配特性研究

嫁接冬瓜和自根苗冬瓜需肥规律存在一定差异,明确嫁接苗养分吸收利用规律可以提高嫁接苗冬瓜的产量。采用大田栽培试验,研究嫁接冬瓜干物质和N、P、K养分吸收利用动态变化。结果表明：（1）嫁接苗和自根苗冬瓜干物质、氮、磷、钾养分吸收积累特征基本一致,各生育期干物质、氮、磷、钾养分净吸收积累和累积速率随着生育期推进不断递增,但嫁接苗干物质、氮、磷、钾养分累积量和累积速率总体上高于自根苗。（2）冬瓜干物质在果实发育期前累积速率慢,在果实发育期累积速率快;嫁接苗在果实发育期前冬瓜干物质累积量仅占整个生育期总累积量的23.5%,其中59.65%~67.74%干物质量分配在叶片上;果实发育期干物质净累积量占全生育期的76.5%,其中52.85%~ 72.57%干物质分配在果实上。（3）纵观整个生育期,嫁接苗冬瓜N、P、K吸收利用比例为1.0∶0.20∶1.31,但各个生育期的养分吸收利用比例差异很大,各生育期N、K的吸收比例依次为1.0∶0.1∶0.16,1.0∶0.1∶0.37,1.0∶0.13∶1.01,1.0∶0.22∶1.39以及1.0∶0.24∶1.65。（4）嫁接苗平均每生产1 t冬瓜果实所需要的N为1.70 kg,P为0.34 kg,K为2.24 kg,其中N需求量显著少于自根苗,P需求量显著高于自根苗。     

Physical behavior of purified and crude wax obtained from Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed oil refineries and seed hulls

The sunflower seed waxes obtained from two sources (i) seed hull as astandard and (ii) crude wax from oil refineries were studied for theircrystallization, melting characteristics and morphology of crystals. Theresults of differential scanning calorimetry of wax obtained from seed hullsshowed the melting temperature range of 13.18 ^°C with the onsetat 62.32 ^°C, for purified wax, compared to the melting range of24.73 ^°C with the onset at 42.3 ^°C, for crude wax. Theenthalpy of fusion for both waxes were 57.55 mcal/mg and 7.63 mcal/mg,respectively. The DSC melt crystallization temperature range was15.79 ^°C with the onset of 64.58 ^°C for purified wax andtemperature range of 31.45 ^°C with an onset of 57.76 ^°C forcrude wax. A similar pattern was observed of wax obtained from thecrude wax of oil refineries. The enthalpy of crystallization was –64.27mcal/mg and –7.67 mcal/mg, respectively. The purified wax obtained fromthe two sources (i) and (ii) were comparable with completion temperaturesof 75.5 ^°C and 75.1 ^°C, respectively. The effect of inhibitor(lecithin) on crystallization of purified wax under light microscope andsurface structure by scanning electron microscope were observed. Lecithinat 0.2% inhibited the crystallization but nucleation was unaltered. Thewax crystal was inhibited to around 60% of the original size with 0.2%lecithin. It is concluded that the sunflower waxes studied were notcomparable in their crystal properties of crude and purified states.Lecithin inhibited the crystallization of sunflower seed wax.     

霍霍巴籽油化学组成的测定

采用气相色谱(GC)及色谱一质谱联用(GC/MS)法测定了霍霍巴籽油化学组成。证实福建东山岛沙滩生长的霍霍巴籽粒提取的油与一般植物油大不相同,其主要成分不是通常植物油中所含的脂肪酸甘油酯而是一元不饱和脂肪酸(主要是20碳—烯酸及22碳—烯酸)和一元不饱和脂肪醇(主要是20碳—烯醇和22碳—烯醇)组成的长链脂肪酸酯。     

小麦叶片蜡质含量与水分利用效率和产量的关系

为了进一步了解植物叶片蜡质含量与植物抗旱节水性的关系，本试验对6个小麦品种在灌浆后期的旗叶蜡质含量与抗早生理指标进行了相关分析，结果表明，干早条件下小麦灌浆后期叶片蜡质含量与光合速率、叶温、叶片水分利用效率和产量呈显著正相关．蜡质含量高的品种叶片温度高、蒸腾速率大，这与传统现点不同．分析认为蜡质含量高的品种在干早胁迫条件下可能叶片细胞膜稳定性强，气孔不容易发生关闭，因此其叶片水分利用效率和产量较高．蜡质含量除了受遗传因素决定外，还受环境因素影响．     

The growth of roots of perennial, Italian, hybrid and annual ryegrasses through a high-strength root medium

Abstract A test for root penetration through a wax disc of known hardness was developed and used with twenty‐five cultivars and twenty‐one breeding lines of perennial, Italian, hybrid and annual ryegrasses. After 42 days, the number of roots reaching the wax disc and the number penetrating the disc were counted. Root diameters were measured using image analysis. The proportion of root penetrations ranged from 0·06 to 0·39 across the cultivars and breeding lines, with substantial variation between replicates and cultivars. Diploid perennial cultivars had the thinnest roots, and there were no consistent differences in root diameter between perennial breeding lines, hybrid ryegrasses and Italian ryegrasses. Roots that penetrated the wax disc increased in diameter, by 0·60 on average, a few millimetres above the wax, and through the wax disc. Diameters below the wax disc were the same as those above the zone of impeded root growth. The increase was caused by an increase in size of the parenchyma cells of the root cortex. An experiment with partially and completely impeded root growth showed that impedance did not change root diameter of new roots, or the distribution of root mass between impeded and unimpeded halves of a root system for plants up to 10 weeks old.     

Spectroscopic and chromatographic evaluation of the wax ester fraction of Adenanthera pavonina oil

Present study was carried out in order to assess the constituents of Adenanthera pavonina wax esters by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Gas chromatography (GC). After extraction of oil from A. pavonina seeds, wax esters were separated from oil by centrifugation and then purified through crystallization process in acetone. The white crystalline solid with melting point of 83-85 °C was initially characterized as wax esters by FT-IR. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) provided the separation of various wax esters from C₃₄ to C₄₈ including odd and even chain esters. C₄₆ wax ester was found to be predominant. For separation, identification and estimation of individual constituents of fatty acid methyl esters and fatty alcohol acetates were carried out by GC-MS after saponification and derivatization of wax esters. GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of saturated methyl esters from C_l4 to C₃₀. Predominant methyl ester was C₂₂. Wax esters contained the saturated fatty alcohols from C₁₄ to C₂₈. The major alcohol was saturated C₂₄ fatty alcohol. The results indicated that A. pavonina wax esters have potential to be used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry due to its better composition of long chain fatty acids and fatty alcohols.