新疆阿拉尔垦区近十年棉花纤维品质状况与提升措施

通过对新疆阿拉尔垦区锯齿细绒棉的近十年公证检验数据整理与分析,包括颜色级、长度、马克隆值和断裂比强度等多个重要内在品质指标,并对近十年阿拉尔垦区的棉花种植面积、品种以及品质情况进行了概述.在栽培与农艺、采收与加工、政策与管控三个方面提出了提升纤维品质的措施,旨在促进阿拉尔垦区棉花产业可持续发展.     

2018－2020年新疆棉花品质变化特征分析

为掌握我国棉花品质变化特征,分析了新疆棉花品质和全国棉花品质各指标的关系。并对2018/2019－2020/2021年度（截至5月底）新疆棉花纤维品质6项指标进行分析,总结归纳新疆棉花品质的时间变化特征。结果表明：新疆棉花品质和全国棉花品质各指标之间有显著的正相关关系。2020/2021年度全国和新疆细绒棉综合品质均走低。3年中,新疆锯齿加工细绒棉加权平均长度持续降低;马克隆值A级＋B级占比呈逐年降低趋势,A级占比明显减小,C2档过成熟棉占比大幅增加;长度整齐度指数平均值变化不大,但高级及以上占比大幅降低;断裂比强度中级及以上占比平稳,但平均值持续降低;颜色级指标集中在白棉二级与白棉三级2档;轧工质量中档占比稳定增长。     

储存时间对棉花主要品质指标的影响

棉花在储存过程中其品质指标会发生变化。以2016―2021年轮出的589.0万t储备的新疆棉为样本，分析了储存时间分别为1.5年、3.0年、4.0年、5.0年、6.0年、7.0年的棉花入库和出库主要纤维品质指标数据。发现：棉花颜色级会随储存时间延长而下降，储存5.0年内的棉花主要是从白棉2级和白棉3级变为淡黄染棉1级和黄染棉1级，其中淡黄染棉1级增加最多，储存6.0～7.0年时转变为黄染棉1级的最多；而回潮率、马克隆值、上半部平均长度、长度整齐度指数和断裂比强度均未出现明显变化。     

棉花品质仪器化公检数据在纺织配棉中的应用

为了提高棉花仪器化公检数据的运用,通过纤维检验和纺织配棉过程中的调研,论述了上半部长度、颜色级、马克隆值等棉花仪器化公检数据中常用的指标,分析了在纺织配棉中运用棉花仪器化公检数据的实际情况,总结了仪器化公证检验数据运用在纺织配棉过程的注意事项。     

2021年度新疆阿克苏地区细绒棉品质分析

对2021年度（棉花年度,下同）的新疆阿克苏地区细绒棉仪器化公证检验数据进行统计,分析了细绒棉纤维颜色级、长度、马克隆值、断裂比强度、长度整齐度指数、轧工质量等主要指标,并比对了2019年度、2020年度、2021年度各指标变化趋势,以真实反映阿克苏地区细绒棉品质状况。总体来看,2021年度阿克苏地区细绒棉长度、马克隆值B级以上占比较前2年有较大提升,颜色级白棉3级及以上细绒棉占比较前2年有所降低,断裂比强度指标高于2019年度、低于2020年度,长度整齐度指数及轧工质量变化不大。     

新疆24个棉花主栽品种纤维品质储存变异

为掌握储存对新疆不同种植区域主栽品种棉花纤维品质特征的影响,利用估计边际均值、相关性检验、品类分布特征、纺纱均匀性指数的对比等方法,对南北疆24个主栽品种纤维品质进行跟踪分析。结果显示:黄度、颜色等级、断裂伸长率、短纤维率等主要品质指标的边际均值发生变化;储存对断裂比强度、断裂伸长率等品质指标影响显著;储存批次间黄度、颜色等级、短纤维率、断裂伸长率等品质指标均值差异显著;新陆早、新陆中、中棉所系列等3个品种系列原棉因储存表现出总体品质特性的差异;储存能引起纺纱均匀性指数的波动。结果表明,储存对新疆24个主栽品种棉花纤维的主要品质指标产生不同程度的影响。     

2021年上半年济南海关进口棉花品质状况分析

从2021年上半年济南海关辖区内进口棉花的品质检验情况来看，2021年进口棉花在品级、长度方面不符合率较2020年同期有所下降，马克隆值、断裂比强度不符合率则较2020年同期略提高。其中美国“绿卡棉”品质稍好，SM、M级棉花品质较差，美国、印度和巴西棉花断裂比强度不符合率均较2020年同期有所提高。同时分析了2021年上半年济南海关进口棉花检验量大幅增加的原因，给出了进口棉花检验监管和进口企业采购的建议。     

国家收储政策取消前后江苏南通棉花品质对比

以江苏省南通市纤维检验所2011―2016棉花年度公证检验数据为研究对象，分析国家临时收储的3年（2011―2013）与不收储的3年（2014―2016），南通棉花品质的变化。结果表明，收储3年的南通棉花颜色级、断裂比强度好于不收储的3年；而长度、马克隆值差于不收储的3年，长度整齐度指数变化不明显。     

河北省高品质棉产业现状及发展对策

我国棉花产不足需，特别是高品质棉严重缺乏，对进口棉依赖程度较高。河北省是植棉大省和主要优质棉产区，同时也是传统纺织大省。从河北省高品质棉产需情况、河北省审定品种纤维品质情况、河北省新体制棉花公证检验数量和质量情况等方面对河北省高品质棉产业现状进行了分析，并对河北省高品质棉产业的可持续发展提出建议。     

黑龙港地区中低产棉田配套栽培技术商榷

针对河北省黑龙港地区棉花单产低、品质差、总产不足的问题，近几年，对该地区棉田生育特点及与之配套的栽培技术进行了初步探讨，取得了一些成功经验，提出下列指标与大家商榷。１中低产田棉花生育特点１．１中低产田棉花根系纵向深，横向窄，活动范围小。据花期多点测定...     

兜兰离体快繁技术研究进展

由于生境破坏和人工过度采挖及繁殖的障碍,兜兰已是世界上最濒危的植物物种之一,所有野生种均被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录I而被禁止交易。突破其种苗繁殖技术瓶颈有利于兜兰种质资源的保护和可持续利用。本文对兜兰属植物无菌播种、共生萌发和组织培养技术等离体快繁技术的进展进行综述,并提出了目前存在的问题和解决方法,以期为兜兰属植物离体繁殖技术的深入研究和优质种苗的规模化生产提供参考。     

High variation in frequency of infection by endophytes in cultivars of meadow fescue in Finland

Systemic and asymptomatic Neotyphodium fungal endophytes infect numerous species of the Poaceae. The frequencies of Neotyphodium endophyte infection in Finland were investigated among and within seven Nordic cultivars of meadow fescue, Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv., which is a widely grown pasture and forage grass species in Scandinavia. The cultivars were Kasper, Salten, Antti, Fure, Ilmari, Inkeri and Kalevi. Frequencies of infection of cultivars varied from endophyte-free cultivar Fure to highly infected cultivar Inkeri [mean (standard deviation of mean) of 0·95 (0·023)]. Mean frequencies of infection of three cultivars remained lower than 0·10, and two of the cultivars, Kasper and Salten, were intermediately infected. In most of the cultivars, frequencies of infection varied only slightly among seed lots. In cultivar Kasper, however, the frequency of endophyte infection was highly variable (0–0·96) among the 45 seed lots examined. The relative importance of cultivar, seed lot and infection by Neotyphodium endophyte to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. was studied experimentally, using both endophyte-free and endophyte-infected plants of four seed lots of the two intermediately infected cultivars. Endophyte infection increased plant resistance to R. padi , overriding the influences of seed lot and cultivar. It is proposed that variation caused by endophyte infections in cultivars of meadow fescue should be taken into account in assessing plant breeding programmes in Europe.     

Investigation of Polymorphisms in Coding Region of OsHKT1 in Relation to Salinity in Rice

Rice(Oryza sativa) is sensitive to salinity, but the salt tolerance level differs among cultivars, which might result from natural variations in the genes that are responsible for salt tolerance. High-affinity potassium transporter(HKTs) has been proven to be involved in salt tolerance in plants. Therefore, we screened for natural nucleotide polymorphism in the coding sequence of Os HKT1, which encodes the HKT protein in eight Vietnamese rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance level. In total, seven nucleotide substitutions in coding sequence of Os HKT1 were found, including two non-synonymous and five synonymous substitutions. Further analysis revealed that these two non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions(G50T and T1209A) caused changes in amino acids(Gly17Val and Asp403Glu) at signal peptide and the loop of the sixth transmembrane domain, respectively. To assess the potential effect of these substitutions on the protein function, the 3D structure of HKT protein variants was modelled by using PHYRE2 webserver. The results showed that no difference was observed when compared those predicted 3D structure of HKT protein variants with each other. In addition, the codon bias of synonymous substitutions cannot clearly show correlation with salt tolerance level. It might be interesting to further investigate the functional roles of detected non-synonymous substitutions as it might correlate to salt tolerance in rice.     

Role of invertase in the accumulation of sugars in cold-stored potatoes

Freshly harvested potatoes contain low levels of total invertase and high levels of invertase inhibitor. Total invertase increases sharply when potatoes are placed in cold storage, but the inhibitor is not depleted in all varieties. The absence of basal invertase activity in Norchip tubers indicates that an excess of invertase is not required for reducing sugar formation. Analyses of 37 varieties and seedlings after 3 months cold storage revealed that the reducing sugar content is not proportional to the invertase activity. High sugar contents are associated with low inhibitor levels, but low sugars are not necessarily associated with high inhibitor levels. The results indicate that invertase participates in reducing sugar formation, but other factors are responsible for the regulation of starch-sugar conversion in potatoes during cold storage.     

马铃薯试管苗组织培养及微型薯诱导技术的研究

通过加入不同浓度的BA、NAA和KT,以探讨外源激素对马铃薯试管苗生理性状的影响,发现低浓度的外源激素较适合用来进行试管苗的增殖。本试验利用香豆素进行微型薯的诱导,结果表明低浓度的香豆素对提高薯重和大薯率有利,而高浓度有利于提高微型薯的结薯数量。     

Quantitative assessment of metals in local brands of tea in Pakistan

In present study, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd were analyzed by FAAS in green and black tea samples of locally available in the Pakistani market. Na and K were also determined by Flame Photometer. Tea leaves can be the source of mineral components and trace elements, as well as some undesirable substances due to exposure to the environment. Among the metals tested, K was the most abundant one followed by Na, Mn and Fe. Fortunately, toxic heavy metals, Pb and Cd, had the lowest contents in tea samples and also in tea aqueous extracts. Concentration of heavy metals in tea aqueous extract was markedly lower than their total contents except that of K. The solubility of studied metals in tea aqueous extract varied widely and ranged from 0.0-95%. The lowest ranges of solubility were listed for toxic heavy metals Pb and Cd. The possible uptake of metals by the human body from tea aqueous extract has also been determined. The amounts of metals that one may take up through consumption of tea aqueous extract were found to match the acceptable daily intake even taking into account exposure from air, food and drinking water.     

我国发展能源油料作物的策略分析

分析了国内外植物油脂的供需形势、我国耕地和边际地利用潜力、油脂植物资源的种属分布特点等,提出发展我国能源油料作物和生物柴油产业的3点建议：加大对边际地、油脂植物资源的调查等基础平台性研究,为政府决策和产业服务;加强产学研结合,形成研究、推广、产业的良性循环;制定能源植物推广应用优惠政策、推动能源油料作物生产发展。     

玉米耐盐性研究进展

综述了玉米耐盐生理机制和耐盐育种的研究进展。