兽医现场流行病学基础培训效果评估分析

为了解中国兽医现场流行病学基础培训效果,基于Kirkpatrick培训效果评估理论,从反应层和学习层两个方面,构建了CFETPV项目基础培训效果评估方法。以第五期CFETPV项目基础培训为例,运用SurveyMonkey在线调查工具对学员的反应评价、培训前后7项兽医流行病学知识的掌握情况、项目存在问题及有关建议等方面进行调查。采用Excel和SPSS 25.0软件对数据进行描述性统计分析。结果显示,反应层评估方面,学员对培训项目的综合满意度为81%(比较满意);学习层评估方面,配对样本t检验结果显示,培训后学员对7项兽医流行病学知识的掌握度均显著提升(P<0.01)。基础培训经过多年发展,为培养具有流行病学技能的兽医人才搭建了权威平台,培训效果显著。建议项目组织方继续总结经验,跟踪评估,查找不足,促进培训项目的科学化、规范化和持续化发展。     

农村劳动力转移培训项目开发与培训管理的思考

农村劳动力转移培训对农村老百姓提高劳动技能,拓展就业之路的一个重要培训工作。是否找准一个项目是个关键点。培训项目应符合时代、市场、老百姓的需求,倘若对一个培训多年的项目,预测到这个培训需求已达到了饱和,成教工作者应及时或提前做出项目的开发与设置,项目应灵活多样以应对不同年龄层次的需求,扩大不同人群的范围。同样,培训过程的管理是培训实施与培训效果达成的重要保证。而培训教师的教学质量直接影响到培训质量,则对培训教师的教学管理尤为重要。     

中国兽医现场流行病学培训项目发展分析

2010—2018年中国兽医现场流行病学培训项目（CFETPV）2年期核心培训已举办4期，培养了来自28个省区的流行病学技术骨干81名，创新性建设了以基础培训、高级管理人员培训、区域流行病学培训、大学师资培训、国内导师培训为有益补充的“1+5”培训模式。本文阐述了CFETPV项目的培养模式来源、组织管理及项目的发展探索，分析了其在人才培养、国际合作与交流、培训模式推广等方面的积极成果。项目基本实现了培养一批高级兽医流行病学人才，打造一支现场流行病学工作队伍的基本目标，但仍需要在建立长期运行机制、本土化案例开发、加强实践基地建设、强化资源整合等方面进行完善，以期进一步推进项目的本土化、规范化和可持续化发展。     

湖北省兽医现场流行病学基础培训项目效果评估

为了解湖北省兽医现场流行病学基础培训项目的效果，借鉴中国兽医现场流行病学培训项目（CFETPV）基础培训效果评估方法，通过问卷调查的方式，了解学员的基本情况、课程内容、课程评价、意见和建议等，从满意度和知识掌握度两个方面，对湖北省兽医现场流行病学基础培训项目进行培训效果评估；采用Excel和SPSSAU(Version 23.0)等软件，对数据进行描述性统计分析。结果显示：满意度评估方面，学员对培训班的综合满意度（95.15%）较高；知识掌握度评估方面，学员对培训内容的综合知识掌握度从培训前的38.00%提高到了培训后的58.36%,17项内容均有显著提高（P值<0.01）。结果表明，湖北省兽医现场流行病学基础培训项目取得了较好的效果。     

规范工程总承包项目执行过程中的培训管理

作为工程总承包公司,如何在项目执行过程中有效的规范培训机制,达到满足各部门需求的培训效果是对项目执行效果的追求。结合以往项目执行经验,在新的项目中规范培训管理过程,提出改进建议,是培训管理达到效果好、费用少的目的。     

兽医现场流行病学项目培训效果评估模型构建

为科学评价中国兽医现场流行病学项目的培训效果,本研究在国内外相关模型的基础上,借鉴全球流行病学培训与公共卫生干预网络培训项目质量评估方法和柯氏四级培训效果评估理论,从管理层、反应层、学习层、行为层、结果层5个层级创新性构建了CFETPV项目培训效果评估模型,并形成包含一级指标(5个)、二级指标(13个)和三级指标(75个)的培训效果评估指标体系。各层级相互关联,采用不同的评估主体、评估方法、评估时机和评估指标。该模型的构建对深入了解培训成效、改善培训质量,提升我国兽医流行病学队伍建设能力具有重要意义。     

浅谈变电运维技能提升精品培训项目开发

随着"三集五大"人员岗位调整,变电运维人员流失严重,年龄结构呈现老龄化。同时国网河南省电力公司2016年推行变电运维市县一体化,培训需要旺盛,在新形式的要求下,需要创建变电运维技能提升精品培训项目,以适应变电运维专业队伍发展需要。本文从培训需求调研、方案设计、项目实施和效果评估四个方面阐述了关于变电运维技能提升精品培训项目开发的做法和经验。     

威远县的养猪技术培训推广工作

威远县的养猪技术培训推广工作是中加瘦肉型猪项目的重要组成部分,是中加瘦肉型猪项目在中国的第一个县级推广示范县。由中加瘦肉型猪项目、内江中加项目办、威远县畜牧食品局联合组织实施,目的是通过进行广泛的培训和指导,在威远县尽快普及推广瘦肉型猪生产技术,并为在更大范围的培训推广工作摸索经验。培训材料的开发是确保技术培训的重要方面。针对培训推广工作面向基层、面向农村的特点,结合农户养猪多、规模猪场少以及养猪人员文化程度差异大等实际情况,在组织力量进行培训需求评估的基础上,开发出一系列针对不同培训对象的培训材料:既…     

中国兽医现场流行病学高级培训班暨第二期项目启动

@@本刊讯2013年3月,第二期中国兽医现场流行病学培训项目（CFETPV 2nd Cohort）正式启动。本期培训项目共分五个模块,包括兽医现场流行病学高级培训、核心课程教学、现场实践、学术研讨和总结评价等。项目聘请来自联合国粮农组织（FAO）、英国伦敦大学皇家兽医学院、欧盟等国际知名流行病学专家为授课导师,国内从事流行病学调查工作的专家为国内导师。培训采取理论学习、案例分析、小组练习和现场实习相结合的方式。     

奶牛良种繁育与高效饲养培训书籍和光盘精品

为了落实2005年中央一号文件精神，国家有关部门正式启动了奶牛良种繁育项目补贴政策，农业部特别制订了奶牛良种补贴项目实施方案。该方案第三条要求各地加强技术培训，要求各项目省(区)、县都要把技术培训工作作为项目实施的基础，制定计划，明确任务，落实责任人，开展形式多样的培训工作。农业部将项目县列入“新型农民科技培训项目”，培训经费主要用于奶牛良种补贴试点县的基层人工授精技术员和奶牛饲养户的技术培训。各省(区)、县也应安排相应的经费，扩大培训的范围，加大适用技术推广力度。为了配合农业部奶牛良种补贴项目的实施和培训工作，本栏目精心筛选了一批奶牛繁育(包括人工授精技术)、饲养、乳制品加工方面的图书、光盘，供基层畜牧兽医部门作为奶农培训参考使用，以提高奶牛养殖企业的集约化、标准化生产与经营水平，以及乳品质量安全水平。     

Postgraduate training programs in veterinary clinical pathology in the United States and Canada (1998 to 2002)

Background: Residency and graduate programs in veterinary clinical pathology provide specialized training for board certification and are important pathways to careers in clinical pathology diagnostics, teaching, and research. Information about training opportunities is useful for assessing disciplinary needs, outcomes, and changes, garnering program support, and providing objective data for program evaluation by faculty, trainees, and prospective applicants. Objectives: The goals of this study were to 1) compile detailed information on the number and types of postgraduate training programs in veterinary clinical pathology in the United States and Canada, 2) describe the goals, activities, strengths, and weaknesses of the programs, 3) assess the desirability of program accreditation and program standards, 4) identify supplemental training opportunities, and 5) evaluate changes in programs, trainees, and faculty 4 years later. Methods: In July 1998, the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology Education Committee sent a survey to representatives at the 31 schools and colleges of veterinary medicine in the United States and Canada and 31 diagnostic laboratories, private hospitals, and pharmaceutical companies. Survey data were compared with updated information obtained from training program coordinators in November 2002. Results: Survey response rate was 94% for universities, 39% for nonuniversity institutions, and 66% overall. In 1998, there were 20 clinical pathology training programs, including residencies (n=10) and graduate programs combined with residency training (n=10), with 36 total training positions. In 2002, there were 25 training programs (14 residencies, 11 combined), with 52 total positions. The median faculty: trainee ratio was 2.0 in both years. Of 67 faculty members involved in training in 1998, 57 (85.1%) were board‐certified in clinical pathology and 53 (79.1%) had DVM/PhD degrees. Net faculty numbers increased by 17 (25.4%) but the median per institution remained at 3.0. Primary program goals were 1) eligibility for and successful achievement of board certification in clinical pathology by the American College of Veterinary Pathologists, 2) proficiency in laboratory diagnostics, and 3) contemporary basic or applied research training. Many programs cited research opportunities, caseloads, and training in hematology and cytology as strengths. Program weaknesses included insufficient funding, too few faculty, and limited training in clinical chemistry and laboratory operations/quality assurance. Trainees completing programs within the past 5 years (n=70) were employed in academia (28.6%), diagnostic laboratories (32.9%), and industry (18.6%). For trainees completing programs between 1999 and 2002 (n=38), these percentages were 52.6%, 21.1%, and 7.9%, respectively. Most (62.5%) respondents supported program standards and accreditation, and 76% supported board review sessions for trainees. Conclusions: Opportunities for postgraduate training in veterinary clinical pathology increased between 1998 and 2002, with 5 new programs and 16 new training positions. These additions and the increased emphasis on diagnostic proficiency, efforts to strengthen training in clinical chemistry and quality assurance, and continuation of combined PhD‐residency programs will help address the perceived need for increased numbers of qualified clinical pathologists in academia, diagnostic laboratories, and industry.     

Training satisfaction and well-being among veterinary anaesthesia residents: time for action

ObjectiveTo explore the satisfaction and well-being experienced by anaesthesia residents during their training, and to investigate factors that may have influenced their experiences.Study designCross-sectional online anonymous voluntary survey.Sample populationA total of 150 (of approximately 600 canvassed) former veterinary anaesthesia residents.MethodsParticipants were invited to complete an internet-based survey regarding the satisfaction and well-being experienced during their residency. Multiple choice, categorical, dichotomous, Likert-type rating scales and slider questions were used to investigate five domains (demographic, working conditions, educational environment, training satisfaction, well-being). Sampling adequacy, questionnaire reliability and participant responses were investigated by Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) indices, Cronbach’s α and standard statistical techniques, respectively (p < 0.05).ResultsThe questionnaire demonstrated good sampling adequacy (median KMO index 0.74; range 0.51–0.89) and high item ‘reliability’ (α = 0.82–0.94). Of the 150 responders, (25% participation rate) 62% were satisfied, 14% were neutral and 24% were dissatisfied with their residency training; 60.6% would do the residency again, 39.3% would not or were unsure. Sex and age did not correlate with training satisfaction (p > 0.05). Salary/stipend was considered inadequate by 70% of responders; 66% received no on-call supplement. Greater supervisory input, a good working environment and extra income when on-call were positively correlated with training satisfaction (p < 0.01). The majority (94.6%) of trainees suffered from at least one medical condition during their residency, with fatigue, sleep disturbance or anxiety reported by > 62%.ConclusionsAlthough a quarter of responders were dissatisfied with their residency, several modifiable factors were identified, particularly with respect to supervisors’ input, working environment and pay, which could inform improvements for future residency programmes. Most trainees experienced negative health impacts; however, this parallels the general situation in both the medical and veterinary professions, which requires greater attention from the supervisors, trainees and colleges.     

Training of standardbed maiden pacers

The aim of this study was to quantify training practices used by leading trainers of standardbred maiden pacers in New Zealand. Ninety-five of the top 100 trainers (ranked by number of wins in the previous year) were interviewed about the preparation and racing phases of their training. The duration of the preparation period was 13.6±2.8 weeks (mean±SD). Most trainers (72%) had two phases of training in this period; the remainder had either three (26%) or four (1%) phases. In the initial preparation phase most trainers (88%) followed a training program of daily jogging, with one day off each week; in the final preparation phase most trainers (84%) alternated days of jogging and hoppling, with one day off each week. For the racing phase trainers were asked to provide information on daily training between fortnightly races; in this phase 66% of trainers continued to alternate jogging and hoppling. Jogging work-outs, which did not differ substantially between phases, lasted 37±8 min (mean ± SD) at 19.6±3.9 km/hr. Hoppling workouts were mostly over distances of 3200 m; they increased in speed from 38.7±3.0 to 43.0±1.8 km/hr over the final preparation phase, and from 40.2±4.4 to 42.0±2.4 km/hr over the fortnight of racing. Training loads generally appeared to be light relative to those of comparable human athletes. Correlations of training practices with the rank order of trainers indicated that winning was linked significantly (P<0.05) to having more horses (r=0.48), more maidens (r=0.36), and more than two preparation phases (r=0.22), but not to any aspect of training load (|r|=0.00–0.13). We conclude that only large changes in training load are likely to affect the success rate of trainers.     

河北省奶业一体化经营模式研究

针对河北省奶牛养殖业存在的奶牛存栏量大幅下降、养殖成本过高、环保压力加大、受到国外进口奶粉冲击较大、养殖户与乳品企业利益分配失衡等问题,在对当前河北省奶业一体化模式的优势和不足以及发展前景进行深入研究和预判的基础上,提出了促进河北省实施奶业一体化的具体措施,以期为进一步促进该地区奶业的可持续发展,并为养殖户走出困境、提高养殖效益提供思路。     

Residency training programs in veterinary clinical pathology: a comparison of experiences at two institutions

Two institutions with different residency training formats in clinical pathology are compared with respect to application procedures, learning and teaching opportunities, learning resources, research training, publication requirements, and assessment methods of the program and trainees. The University of Florida and Purdue University programs are both based on an emphasis in morphologic recognition and interpretation of disease processes as well as training in basic science and applied research principles. The progress of trainees through each program is carefully monitored to meet individual needs as well as to meet the training requirements to allow candidates to sit for the certifying examination in clinical pathology. Periodic mock board exams are a critical tool to assess trainee progress and learning. The differences in format focus on coursework and publication requirements as well as on program assessment tools. While one program provides training in the form of 75% clinical diagnostic service, the other uses a mixture of 50% coursework and 50% clinical diagnostic training. Despite the contrast between a pure residency training program and one combining residency training with an MS degree, both institutions provide a solid program structure, ample learning resources, and adequate faculty mentorship to produce a high pass rate of board-certified specialists, the major focus for both programs. Numbers of post-training employment positions for both institutions are similar for those selecting faculty positions at veterinary schools. During the period studied, however, the combined residency and MS graduate program at Purdue University produced more graduates employed in pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, while the residency program at the University of Florida produced more graduates employed by diagnostic laboratories.     

North American veterinary pathology residency training programs: an overview of where they are today and where they were five years ago, with an analysis of trends

An e-mail/telephone survey of all active North American residency training programs in veterinary pathology was conducted in September 2005. The purpose of this survey was to determine current numbers of trainees, their program length and type, and salaries; to compare current numbers to five years earlier; and, finally, to gauge interest in expanding current programs. All 41 training institutions contacted responded to the survey. Briefly, the survey found that there are currently 235 veterinary pathology residents, for a mean of 5.7 residents per training program. The number of residents currently in training programs and the number of applicants for these programs has increased compared to five years earlier. There is widespread interest in further expanding capacity in these programs, and the coalition of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists and the Society of Toxicologic Pathology is a well-known source of possible funding for additional residents. This survey report further documents the numbers of combined residency/PhD programs, average starting salaries for new residents, outside sponsorship effects on pathology training programs, and some of the common concerns regarding veterinary pathology training programs voiced by the respondents. While residency training capacity has expanded in the last five years, and there is widespread desire to further expand these training programs, a shortage of veterinary pathologists for future market needs will need to be addressed by increased funding from as yet unspecified sources.     

现代畜牧业发展存在问题及对策

近年,社会经济快速发展,畜牧行业规模持续扩大,促使社会大众对畜牧行业发展提出了新的要求和标准。畜牧业作为现代化农业结构的主要组成部分,如何全面分析阻碍现代化畜牧业发展的风险因素,采取相对应的解决措施,也得到更多从业人员的关注和重视。为促进现代畜牧业可持续发展,该文以现代畜牧业发展为切入点,分析其现存问题,提出具体的对策。