从生物安全管理角度谈规模猪场对非洲猪瘟的防控

实施完善的生物安全管理措施能够有效地预防猪场疫病的发生,最大限度地降低猪场爆发重大疫病或外来疫病的风险,这已经是国内外规模化猪场广泛认可的经济有效的猪场疫病防控手段。当前我国非洲猪瘟防控形势不容乐观,疫情频发,个别规模化猪场也未能幸免,这是对我国养猪业和动物疫病防控体系的严峻考验,同时暴露了我国规模化猪场在生物安全管理上的欠缺和漏洞。笔者就规模化猪场生物安全管理的一般性措施及健全针对非洲猪瘟的生物安全防疫管理进行阐述,希望能为规模化猪场防控非洲猪瘟提供有益帮助。     

HSP环境关键点监测法在非洲猪瘟防控中的应用

我国自发生非洲猪瘟疫情后,养猪业遭受了巨大损失.众多规模猪场和养殖户认为非洲猪瘟病毒难防,但是只要在复产前和生产管理过程中构建好猪场的生物安全体系,综合防控主要疫病,做好猪场内外环境监测,便可以有效阻断非洲猪瘟病毒传播途径.因此,环境监测在防控非洲猪瘟等动物疫病以及制定防控措施中起到了关键的作用.HSP环境关键点监测,...     

规模化猪场生物安全体系建设

非洲猪瘟的暴发使我国养猪业出现了巨大的经济损失,在没有特效药和疫苗的情况下,生物安全是防控非洲猪瘟及猪的重大疫病最有效的措施。在非洲猪瘟疫情常态化的情况下,猪场应根据自身情况,探索出一套适合本场的生物安全防控措施,建立有效的生物安全防控体系,健康安全的养殖环境。     

猪场生物安全系统要点

建立生物安全体系是猪场防控疾病的前提,也是最经济有效的疫病防治措施。2018年我国发生非洲猪瘟以来,疫情对我国生猪养殖业带来深刻影响,在未来很长一段时间内该病都将是我国猪场的常态化疾病。非洲猪瘟疫情发生后,我国养猪业创新性地提出了系列生物安全防控技术,建立了能够有效应对疫情常态威胁的生物安全技术体系,两年多来的防控实践证明了这些生物安全防控手段的有效性。文章总结了猪场生物安全体系建设和管理中的关键环节及注意事项,希望可以为猪场非洲猪瘟防控提供参考。     

非洲猪瘟形势下猪场的生物安全管理

非洲猪瘟自传入我国以来,对我国的养猪业造成了很大影响。但是,只要做好生物安全管理,非洲猪瘟仍然是可防可控的。规模猪场的生物安全是一个综合性的控制体系,做好生物安全防控,可以有效减少疫病的发生。     

非洲猪瘟防控下规模化猪场的生物安全措施

当前非洲猪瘟多发,防控形势日益严峻,给规模化猪场带来了巨大压力。完善的生物安全措施能有效预防疾病的发生,降低猪场发生重大动物疫病的风险。本文通过汲取国内外猪场在生物安全上取得的成功经验,提出了基于非洲猪瘟防控的生物安全措施,为规模化猪场的非洲猪瘟防控提供积极的借鉴意义。     

无非洲猪瘟小区生物安全屏障的建立与维护

为有效防控非洲猪瘟等动物疫病,建设规范化、标准化养猪场,荣昌集团结合当地猪场生产与疫病防控实际,通过在各生产单元设置物理屏障和缓冲区,完善饲料及原料、人员标识、种源标识、养殖场畜禽标识等的可追溯管理,升级对各生产单元的基础防疫条件和生物安全管理措施,开展无非洲猪瘟小区生物安全屏障的建立与维护工作,进一步加快无非洲猪瘟小区的建设。     

猪场人员隔离点规范化设计及管理要点

当前,非洲猪瘟依然是影响中国乃至全球养猪业发展的头号疫病。建立严格的生物安全体系可有效防控该病的发生和传播。笔者详细介绍了人员隔离区环节（二级）猪场人员隔离点规范化设计及管理要点,以期为猪场防控非洲猪瘟及保障猪场安全生产提供建议和思路。     

辽宁省规模猪场生物安全状况调查

2018年8月,我国首例非洲猪瘟病例在辽宁省被发现。随后,全国各地区相继发生非洲猪瘟疫情。如何控制、净化非洲猪瘟,已成为国内整个产业亟需解决的问题。为掌握辽宁省规模猪场生物安全状况,分析生物安全在非洲猪瘟防控中的作用,开展了相关流行病学调查工作。对辽宁省部分发生过非洲猪瘟疫情的规模猪场进行流行病学调查发现,没有出猪台、饲料进场不消毒、人员与车辆进出管理不严、防疫管理混乱等,是疫情发生的主要风险因素。对辽宁省56个未发生过非洲猪瘟疫情的规模猪场进行流行病学调查发现,这些猪场的生物安全水平普遍低下,主要表现为:缺乏最基本有效的防护隔离硬件设施,以及相关的规章制度和操作规程;缺少验证消毒灭源等生物安全手段实施效果的经验和方法,没有专业技术人员对饲养场风险点进行评估和分析;饲养场从业人员的"知信行"水平普遍较低。综合分析认为,辽宁省生猪养殖业的生物安全水平与疫病防控需要有很大差距,而规模场生物安全水平低下、从业人员缺乏生物安全意识和知识,是当前疫病防控效果不理想的主要原因。今后需要通过政府扶持、业务部门指导和培训,对饲养场进行科学分析和评估,通过改进硬件、完善制度、加强宣传培训等措施,全面提高养猪场的生物安全水平。     

完善猪场内部生物安全管理实现猪群主要传染病的控制与净化

猪场生物安全管理是完善的猪场疫病防控体系,是在实践基础上总结出来的优化的、全面的用于生猪生产和疫病防控的系统工程,是以切断传播途径为主、预防猪疫病发生的生产管理体系。主要包括用来避免病原体进入猪群或猪场的外部生物安全和当病原体已存在时防止疫病在猪群内或猪场内向未感染猪散布或向其他猪场散布的内部生物安全。加强猪场生物安全管理是实现疫病控制、净化的重要途径。当前,非洲猪瘟、猪瘟、伪狂犬病、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的控制和净化是我国猪病防控的重中之重,必须依靠严格的猪场生物安全体系建设以及疫苗的强化免疫,同时配合科学的监测才能实现有效控制和净化。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.