仔猪黄痢病原菌的分子生物学鉴定及多重耐药基因检测

旨在确定引起安徽地区猪场仔猪黄痢发生的病原菌种类,并从分子水平上揭示其多重耐药机制。利用麦康凯培养基对从仔猪黄痢病死猪肝脏样本中初步分离到的9株细菌进行选择性培养;提取分离菌株的基因组DNA,利用PCR法扩增其16SrDNA序列并进行测序;将测序结果提呈至NCBI数据库,与GenBank中已发表的序列进行BLAST比对,对分离菌株进行种水平鉴定;采用纸片扩散法开展分离菌株对抗菌药物的敏感性试验;利用PCR法检测分离菌株携带多重耐药基因AcrA的情况。结果表明,9株分离菌在麦康凯琼脂培养上均呈中等大小的玫瑰红色菌落,符合大肠杆菌的菌落特征;9株分离菌的16SrDNA序列与GenBank中公布的大肠杆菌16SrDNA序列的相似性均在99.0%以上,提示分离菌株均为大肠杆菌;9株分离菌对12种抗菌药物呈现不同程度的耐药性,对阿米卡星、大观霉素和氯霉素的耐药性较强;9株分离菌的AcrA基因携带率为100%。综上提示,多重耐药性大肠杆菌是引起该地区猪场仔猪黄痢发生的致病菌,在临床治疗中应引起足够重视。     

副鸡禽杆菌河南株的分离及PCR鉴定

从河南某鸡场的疑似鸡传染性鼻炎的病鸡框下窦分泌物中分离到一株细菌,经染色镜检、菌落形态及培养特性观察怀疑为副鸡禽杆菌(Apg),命名为HN-1株。参照GenBank上发表的副鸡禽杆菌基因组序列的保守区设计1对引物,通过PCR技术扩增出939 bp的基因片段,将扩增产物与T载体连接后,转化感受态细胞,筛选出阳性重组质粒进行测序。将测序结果与GenBank上已发表的Apg相关基因序列比对,显示同源性达98%,从而从分子水平上进一步证实该分离株为副鸡禽杆菌。     

雪貂空肠弯曲杆菌的分离与鉴定

从试验用雪貂分离到一株弯曲杆菌,通过菌落、菌体形态、生化特征、培养特性等生物学特性和PCR方法对所分离菌株进行鉴定,分离株经空肠弯曲杆菌VS1基因特异性引物PCR扩增为阳性,测序结果显示与空肠弯曲杆菌序列同源性达100%,结合生物学特性和PCR结果确定所分离菌株为空肠弯曲杆菌,该菌的分离鉴定为雪貂微生物检测标准的建立提供了理论依据。     

鸭疫里氏杆菌的分离与16 S rRNA的鉴定

从疑似患有鸭疫里氏杆菌病的病死鸭群中采取的肝脏、心脏、脑等病料中分离病原,进行生化鉴定,自6只病死鸭的12份病料中分离鉴定出6株鸭疫里氏杆菌。根据鸭疫里氏杆菌16 S rRNA基因的保守序列设计特异引物,对6株鸭疫里氏杆菌进行PCR扩增,均能扩增出680 bp的特异条带;从凝胶中回收DNA目的条带并测序,测序结果与GenBank中鸭疫里氏杆菌相应序列相似率达到99.99%。     

规模猪场保育猪副猪嗜血杆菌感染的诊断与分析

从湖南耒阳某发病猪场采集到6头小猪进行细菌的分离,染色镜检后得到一株革兰氏阴性杆菌.使用细菌的通用对细菌进行PCR扩增后送测序得到一段序列.将该段序列经过Blast分析发现此次分离的菌株为副猪嗜血杆菌,为了进一步确认该菌株的血清型,使用Lasergene分析软件绘制和分析遗传进化树.结果表明,该菌株与GenBank中登录的部分副猪嗜血杆菌血清型的16S rRNA同源性为96.3％～99.0％,与GenBank登录号为AB078974以及AB078974的两株血清5型的菌株构成一个分支,同源性高达99.0％.     

牦牛肠道与粪便乳酸菌的分离鉴定及PCR-16SrDNA鉴定

以取自四川省不同地区的牦牛粪便、肠道内空物为材料，用MRS琼脂双层培养基进行厌氧培养，分离到50株乳酸菌，经生化鉴定为嗜热链球菌（2株）、乳酸乳球菌（1株）、保加利亚乳杆菌（5株）、嗜粪乳杆菌（10株）、嗜酸乳杆菌（8株）、乳酸乳杆菌（9株）、肠乳杆菌（10株）、弯曲乳杆菌（5株）。采用乳酸菌16 SrDNA通用引物，对分离的8种菌的16S rDNA-段可变区序列进行扩增，均得到大小约470bp的产物；扩增产物经纯化、测序后与GenBank中标准菌株的核甘酸序列比较，同源性均大于97．5％，同源性分析与生化试验的结果是一致的。证实，牦牛肠道和粪便的乳酸菌较为丰富，且乳杆菌的数量较多，这可能与牦牛复杂的生长环境有关。     

奶牛乳房炎无乳链球菌的分离及PCR鉴定

利用THB(Todd-Hewitt Broth)固体培养基和色素试验培养基选择培养无乳链球菌,参照GenBank中无乳链球菌参考菌株(Accession:AF015927.1、JQ289582.1)16SrRNA和种属特异性基因cfb(CAMP因子)序列设计引物,对奶样中分离的12株疑似无乳链球菌进行鉴定。结果显示,经PCR扩增后,被检测的12株细菌均可扩增出预期大小的16S rRNA基因序列,而12株中有8株可以扩增出预期大小的cfb基因序列,条带单一,特异性好。序列BLAST显示,12株菌的16S rRNA基因序列与NCBI上报道的无乳链球菌相应序列高度同源(>99.0%),各分离菌株间的16S rRNA基因序列也高度同源(99.0%～100.0%);cfb基因序列与NCBI上已报道的无乳链球菌相应序列具有高度同源性(>99.0%),各菌株间cfb基因序列也高度同源(100.0%)。经选择培养与PCR鉴定结果可以确定12株疑似菌株中有8株为无乳链球菌。     

产纤维素酶细菌的分离筛选与鉴定

通过筛选获得高产纤维素酶细菌菌株,为纤维素酶制剂研制及纤维素酶工程菌构建提供试验材料。采用刚果红平板从牛羊粪便及腐败的玉米秸秆和木屑中分离产纤维素酶菌株,以DNS法测定酶活,根据酶活复筛产纤维素酶分离菌株;观察分离菌株的形态、染色与培养特性;应用16S rDNA通用引物扩增菌株基因组DNA,测序结果提交GenBank数据库进行Blast比对分析和相似性搜索,作出复筛菌株种的鉴定。结果表明:分离获得16株纤维素酶产量较高的细菌菌株,均为革兰氏阳性菌,菌体呈短杆状、具中央芽孢,经16S rDNA序列比对分析和相似性搜索,鉴定为10株枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、6株解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。     

鸡呼吸道致病菌的分离鉴定

本试验旨在为开发防制鸡细菌性呼吸道疾病产品提供依据。本试验将患有呼吸道疾病的鸡病料如喉管、气管、肺脏组织接种到各种选择培养基分离细菌,对分离的17株菌株进行生化鉴定、PCR鉴定和致病力测定。结果显示,在伊红美蓝琼脂(EMB)培养基中分离出黑色金属光泽菌落;革兰氏染色后在光学显微镜下见到革兰氏阴性的短杆状细菌;PCR扩增出1 500 bp大小条带,测序结果与GenBank中细菌16S rDNA序列进行BLAST比对并构建系统进化树,分离菌最终鉴定为一株大肠杆菌。将分离的致病菌滴鼻感染肉鸡能损伤肉鸡呼吸道,使喉管出现血斑,气管红肿、布满血点,心脏、肝脏包裹黄色干酪样物质,气囊浑浊不透明,具有致病性。结果表明,分离的致病菌可作为产品开发的基础。     

副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

对广东15个送检的疑似猪传染性副猪嗜血杆菌病的病猪样品,用TSA培养基进行细菌的分离,并对分离菌株进行细菌的形态观察、培养特性和生化试验鉴定,以及用副猪嗜血杆菌16S rRNA基因的特异性引物进行PCR鉴定。试验结果表明,有7株分离菌株扩增出了821 bp的特异性目的条带,结合形态观察、培养特性和生化试验鉴定,结果表明成功分离到了7株副猪嗜血杆菌;药敏试验结果显示,分离菌株对氨苄西林、多粘菌素、庆大霉素等药物较敏感。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.