鸭传染性浆膜炎铝胶疫苗研制

将鸭疫里氏杆菌通过改良酵母肉汤培养,得菌数在500～2000亿/ml的菌液甲醛灭活,与氢氧化铝液(含量1.4%)21混合搅匀,制成铝胶疫苗,经无菌检验、安全检验合格,免疫5日龄雏鸭,分别于7d、10d、20d后攻毒(攻毒剂量0.25m1),攻毒保护率为50%、50%、75%;5日龄、12日龄两次免疫,10日后攻毒保护率为10%.     

鸭疫里氏杆菌病三价油乳剂灭活疫苗的研究

以1、2、10型鸭疫里氏杆菌（RA）分离株为菌种，研制鸭疫里氏杆菌病三价油乳剂灭活疫苗。经无菌及安全检验合格后，对6日龄樱桃谷雏鸭颈部皮下接种0.4mL／只,免疫后第10、14、21和35d分别用1、2、10型RA强毒株攻攻，第14d的攻毒保护率为91.7%-100%,35d攻毒保护率为66.6%-83.3%。田间试验结果表明，雏鸭5－7日龄免疫后至上市保护率可达95.0%-100%。     

鸭传染性浆膜炎蜂胶疫苗研制

从重庆疫鸭中分离到2株细菌，经细菌形态学、生理生化指标鉴定，证明为鸭疫里氏杆菌（Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)。用改良的血清酵母肉汤进行培菌培养，将2菌株菌液混合（1：1，体积比），经甲醛灭活后加入蜂胶左剂，制成蜂胶灭活疫苗。用其免疫5－7日龄雏鸭，一免后7、10、15d皮下注射RA混合菌液攻毒（0．2mL/只）,平均保护率达66．67％；10d后二免，二免后7、10d攻毒（0．2mL／只）,平均保护率达94．47％。     

鸭病毒性肝炎蛋黄抗体预防剂量的试验

将制备的鸭病毒性肝炎蛋黄抗体分别按中和抗体效价1:512稀释后,皮下注射4日龄和10日龄易感雏鸭。4日龄雏鸭注射剂量为0.1、0.3、0.5、1.0ml;10日龄雏鸭注射剂量为0.3、0.5、1.0、1.5ml。抗体注射后24h采用0.2ml(含100LD50)强毒进行攻毒,同时设攻毒对照组和空白对照组。结果表明,4日龄雏鸭最小预防剂量为0.3ml,保护率90%~95%;10日龄雏鸭最小预防剂量为0.5ml,保护率90%~95%。     

鸭病毒性肝炎蛋黄抗体预防剂量的试验

将制备的鸭病毒性肝炎蛋黄抗体分别按中和抗体效价1:512稀释后,皮下注射4日龄和10日龄易感雏鸭。4日龄雏鸭注射剂量为0.1、0.3、0.5、1.0ml;10日龄雏鸭注射剂量为0.3、0.5、1.0、1.5ml。抗体注射后24h采用0.2ml(含100LD50)强毒进行攻毒,同时设攻毒对照组和空白对照组。结果表明,4日龄雏鸭最小预防剂量为0.3ml,保护率90%~95%;10日龄雏鸭最小预防剂量为0.5ml,保护率90%~95%。     

鸭疫里氏杆菌和大肠杆菌二联灭活疫苗研究

将鸭疫里氏杆菌(RA)通过加有血清的改良肉汤培养，得菌数在520亿—2000亿／mL的菌液；鸭大肠杆菌(E．coli)通过普通肉汤培养，得菌数在1000亿～5000亿／mL的菌液，将两茵液甲醛灭活后以2.5：1的比例混合，再与灭菌的油乳剂以2：5的比例强力搅拌，制成二联油乳剂灭活疫苗，经无菌检验，安全检验合格后，做免疫保护试验，免疫6日龄雏鸭(0．5mL/只)，于18天后攻毒(RA：0．2mL／只；E.coli：0．1mL/只)，保护率分别为75％和50％；6日龄一免，14日龄二免(均0．5mL/只)，于二免后11天攻毒，保护率分别为100％和80％。     

重组鸡痘病毒vFV282活疫苗最小免疫剂量及攻毒保护试验

将重组鸡痘病毒vFV282疫苗用生理盐水作10^-1，10^-2，10^-3，10^-4系列稀释，分别免疫7天龄鸡，于免疫后21d，分别用NDV、IBDV和FPV攻毒，观察其保护率，结果除NDV攻毒在10^-4组保护率为40％（4／10），其余各组均为100％（10／10）保护。表明该疫苗的最小免疫剂量≤10^-3TCID50/0.02mL。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌（10型）灭活疫苗的研制

以10型鸭疫里默氏杆菌GN52株为菌种,采用改进的液体培养工艺进行增菌后,制备油乳剂灭活疫苗,经无菌和安全检验合格后,进行免疫原性研究。结果表明,对3日龄雏鸭颈部皮下注射0.3 ml/羽即可产生良好的免疫应答,免疫后7 d用同源菌株攻击保护率可达70%,14 d达100%,至56 d免疫保护率仍可达80%。于10日龄进行第2次免疫,二免后3 d免疫保护率达100%。疫苗免疫雏鸭后能够显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01）地增强其T细胞的免疫力,时间达2周。疫苗在4-8℃可保存1年,保存6个月和1年的保护率分别达95%和85%。该疫苗经田间试验,效果良好。     

鸭病毒性肝炎A66弱毒苗免疫产生期及免疫持续期试验

用鸭肝炎A66弱毒疫苗，经不同途径免疫1日龄雏鸭。结果，皮下注射组在免疫后2天即对ATCC强毒攻击达100％的保护率，口服组和滴鼻组在免疫后5天才能全部保护；一次饮水兔疫组和二次饮水免疫组在6日龄时对强毒攻击的保护率分别为60％和90％，用该弱毒苗免疫1日龄雏鸭和成年鸭，免疫期分别至少达45天及6个月。     

鸡新城疫基因Ⅶ型灭活标记疫苗（MG7株）最小有效免疫剂量的研究

为科学指导鸡新城疫基因Ⅶ型灭活标记疫苗（MG7株）的临床免疫剂量,通过测定免疫鸡HI抗体滴度和攻毒保护试验,进行了10日龄和30日龄SPF鸡最小有效免疫剂量的研究。动物实验使用10 μL、20 μL和40 μL三种不同免疫剂量,免疫疫苗后21 d检测HI抗体效价,10日龄SPF鸡001批次疫苗HI抗体平均效价依次为：4.8、6.2和6.5,攻毒保护率依次为80%、100%和100%,30日龄SPF鸡HI抗体平均效价依次为：5.0、6.3和6.5,攻毒保护率依次为70%、100%和100%,结果表明,新城疫灭活标记疫苗（MG7株）HI 抗体效价和保护效力呈正相关, 免疫剂量与HI 抗体效价和保护效力也呈正相关。用NDV基因Ⅶ型强毒G7株进行攻毒保护试验,两种日龄鸡在20 μL的免疫剂量下,疫苗仍能达到良好的免疫保护效果。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.