马铃薯施用稀土微肥试验初报

<正> “稀土”是化学元素周期表中镧系15个元素及与其性质相似的钪、钇共17个元素的总称,它是一个生物活性物质,能够明显地影响根系发育、叶绿素的形成以及N、P、K吸收和体内的物质代谢.为了探讨稀土微肥在马铃薯上的增产效果,近3年来、我县推广中心“马铃薯优良品种及高产技术”课题组先后在县、乡不同地区实施了马铃薯施用稀土微肥试验,对马铃薯施用稀土微肥的效果及使用技术进行了探讨,现将研究结果报告如下.     

锌,锰,铁和铜肥不同施用方法对马铃薯的相对效应

作物产量水平的提高和高成分化肥的使用加重了微量元素营养的缺乏(Kanwar 等,1974),而土壤中缺乏微量元素营养已被公认为是许多大田作物获得高产的主要限制因素(Katyal 等,1982)。由于土壤的络合性和动态性,微肥施用后可以逐渐被固定,即使供应充足也是如此。因为微肥的缺乏和毒害之间的范围狭窄,为了合理地利用微肥并得到良好的效应,有必要研究其施用方法。本研究探讨了微肥土壤施用、浸种和喷施3种方法处理马铃薯的相对效应。     

微肥对马铃薯产量、品质、薯皮超微结构及块茎耐贮性的影响

近年来,微肥在内蒙古马铃薯生产中发挥了重要作用。试验目的是施用微肥后,研究其对马铃薯块茎产量、品质、薯皮超微结构及耐贮性的影响,从而为马铃薯生产上大面积推广提供理论依据。在5种微肥处理中,处理2(干拌+叶面喷3次微肥+滴灌钙镁肥2次)的多项生物学特性如株高、茎粗、单株结薯数、单薯重、商品薯率、块茎产量、薯皮厚度、薯皮粗纤维含量、薯肉可食部分不溶性膳食纤维均高于对照,分别增加11.2 cm、0.4 cm、1.7个、17.1 g、14.59个百分点、13 926 kg/hm~2、50.501μm、2.25个百分点和0.41个百分点;而贮藏损失率较对照低1.93个百分点。     

马铃薯多元微肥试验研究初报

<正> 我市自1975年以来,在部分县(区)推广了单一微肥的应,有一定的增产效果,而多元微肥在本地区土壤上效果如何,尤其是应用于马铃薯上还是个空白。为了摸清多元微肥在我市马铃薯上的增产作用,1988年在本所中梁试验站内进行了马铃薯多元微肥试验研究。     

施用配方微肥对杂交水稻制种种子裂颖率的影响

设计施用配方微肥和习惯施肥2个处理,调查施用配方微肥对杂交水稻制种种子裂颖率的影响。结果表明：施用配方微肥比习惯施肥水稻种子糙米粒率降低75%,裂颖率降低35.1%,种子发芽率提高8.9%,可提高经济效益,扩大示范。     

棉花施用微肥试验效果观察

棉花施用微肥试验效果观察胡茂财，汤文娟（德安县农牧局土肥站３３０４００）施用微量元素肥料在世界上已很普遍，对提高作物的产量和改善作物的品质起了一定的作用。为了探讨微肥对棉花的施用效果，１９９４年我们进行了几种微肥的肥效对比试验，现将结果报告如下：１试...     

新型水溶微肥“丰钛宝”在马铃薯上施用示范

试验研究在马铃薯苗期、现蕾期、开花期叶面喷施丰钛宝水溶微肥的效果。结果表明:丰钛宝对马铃薯的生长有明显的促进作用,喷施后叶色黑绿、有光泽、叶片厚、植株长势旺盛,绿叶保持时间比对照延长11 d,还能促进成熟。无论是现代化栽培还是传统种植都表现增产,增产幅度11%～16%,大薯率增加,并有解毒降低除草剂残留对马铃薯危害程度的作用,施用丰钛宝的效益较高,投入产出比达到1:18以上。     

微肥对甜菜块根产质量的影响

甜菜施用微肥试验结果表明,在氮、磷、钾肥施量一定的条件下,增施微肥使甜菜产质量都有提高。硼元素是影响根产量的主要微肥,锌元素是影响含糖率的主要微肥,生产上施用微肥可参考选用本试验的最佳组合：硼砂１５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２、硫酸锌７．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２、硫酸锰３７．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。     

甜菜施用络合多元微肥试验初报

甜菜施用络合多元微肥试验初报杜广居，姜帆，王福华，付国蔚（黑龙江省拜泉糖厂）甜菜施用稀土、增产菌等微肥及植物生长素的报道很多，有的对甜菜确实有一定的增产增糖效果，并已大面积应用于甜菜生产。为寻求更有效的复合微肥．我们于１９９３年做了络合多元微肥拌种对...     

马铃薯微肥拌种与叶面喷施增产效果的研究

为探讨马铃薯高产栽培中的配套措施,试验筛选并研究了两种微肥在马铃薯种植上进行拌种与叶面喷施试验。结果表明:微肥拌种与叶面喷施有利于种薯切块后伤口愈合,能提前出苗、开花,缩短生育期,提高大薯率,增产明显。大西北牌多元微肥拌种与叶面喷施每667 m2增收251.9元,稀土旱地宝增收210.1元。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。