纳米蜂胶黄酮体内外抗PPV活性试验

采用体内外试验研究纳米蜂胶黄酮抗猪细小病毒活性。体外试验,以普通蜂胶黄酮为对照,分3种加药方式(先加蜂胶,后加蜂胶,蜂胶和病毒同时加入)加至PK-15细胞中,用MTT法检测细胞活性,实时荧光PCR检测PK-15细胞中猪细小病毒(PPV)含量,观察蜂胶黄酮对PK-15细胞抗PPV及清除PPV能力的影响。结果显示,与普通蜂胶黄酮相比,纳米蜂胶黄酮可显著抑制PPV在PK-15细胞上生长,高浓度效果优于低浓度,3种加药方式中先加药物的效果最好。体内试验,豚鼠注射PPV后灌胃纳米蜂胶黄酮和普通蜂胶黄酮,检测血液中PPV含量、血清中HI含量。结果显示,高、中剂量的纳米蜂胶黄酮可以显著抑制PPV在血液中复制、减轻PPV对豚鼠体重的影响、提高血清HI效价。结论,普通蜂胶黄酮经纳米化处理后,可以显著提高其抗PPV活性。     

纳米蜂胶黄酮对猪细小病毒的体内外抗病毒作用

采用体内外试验研究纳米蜂胶黄酮抗猪细小病毒(PPV)作用。体外试验是以普通蜂胶黄酮为对照,分3种加药方式(先加蜂胶、后加蜂胶、蜂胶和病毒同时加入)加至PK-15细胞中,用MTT法检测细胞活性,实时荧光PCR检测PK-15中PPV含量,观察蜂胶黄酮对PK-15抗PPV及清除PPV能力的影响。体内试验是给豚鼠注射PPV后灌胃纳米蜂胶黄酮和普通蜂胶黄酮,检测肺脏、肾脏、肝脏、性腺及血液中PPV含量、血清中HI含量。结果显示:(1)与普通蜂胶黄酮相比,纳米蜂胶黄酮可显著抑制PPV在PK-15上生长,高浓度效果优于低浓度,3种加药方式中先加药物的效果最好;(2)高中剂量的纳米蜂胶黄酮可以显著抑制PPV在血液中复制、减轻PPV对豚鼠体重的影响、提高血清HI效价。结果表明:蜂胶黄酮经纳米化处理后,可以显著提高其抗PPV活性。     

蜂胶黄酮对病毒诱导PK-15细胞凋亡的影响

为研究蜂胶黄酮对病毒诱导宿主细胞凋亡的影响,将蜂胶黄酮从最大安全浓度250μg/mL倍比稀释5个浓度,与猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)、猪细小病毒(PPV)分别一起加至单层PK-15细胞培养体系中,用流式细胞仪检测蜂胶黄酮对TGEV和PPV感染PK-15细胞凋亡率的影响。结果显示,与病毒对照组比较,TGEV和PPV感染PK-15细胞后,蜂胶黄酮可以显著降低PPV感染引起的PK-15细胞凋亡率,而对TGEV感染引起的PK-15细胞凋亡率则没有显著影响。说明蜂胶黄酮可以减轻无囊膜的PPV感染对PK-15细胞引起的凋亡。     

蜂胶黄酮对宿主细胞抗病毒能力的影响

本试验旨在研究蜂胶黄酮对宿主细胞抗病毒能力的影响。首先采用MTT法测定蜂胶黄酮对宿主鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）和PK-15细胞的安全浓度;然后将蜂胶黄酮从最大安全浓度250 μg/mL开始倍比稀释至15.6 μg/mL共5个浓度,将蜂胶黄酮分别与新城疫病毒（NDV）、鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）及猪细小病毒（PPV）一起加到相应长成单层的宿主细胞CEF或PK-15中,在感染后24、48和72 h分别用MTT法测定宿主细胞的存活率,代表蜂胶黄酮提高宿主细胞抗病毒能力的指标。结果显示,蜂胶黄酮可显著提高宿主细胞抗病毒能力,这种活性与其剂量正相关,即剂量越大作用越好。蜂胶黄酮提高宿主细胞抗有囊膜病毒NDV和TGEV作用主要体现在病毒感染的前期,而提高宿主细胞抗无囊膜病毒IBDV和PPV作用主要体现在病毒感染的后期。提示蜂胶黄酮可用于NDV和TGEV的预防及IBDV和PPV的治疗。     

蜂胶黄酮对PK-15细胞感染PPV与TGEV产生抗感染因子的比较

为了研究蜂胶黄酮对宿主细胞感染不同结构病毒后产生抗感染因子的影响,将蜂胶黄酮从最大安全质量浓度250mg/L倍比稀释5个浓度,与猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs virus,TGEV)、细小病毒(porcine parvovirus,PPV)分别一起加至长成单层PK-15细胞培养体系中,ELISA法测定蜂胶黄酮对TGEV或PPV感染PK-15细胞后产生IFN-β、IFN-γ和iNOS抗感染因子的含量。结果显示,与病毒对照组比较,在感染TGEV后2,12h的前期,蜂胶黄酮可以显著提高PK-15细胞产生IFN-β、IFN-γ和iNOS含量的能力;在感染PPV后2,12h的前期,只有较高质量浓度的蜂胶黄酮可以提高PK-15细胞产生IFN-β、IFN-γ和iNOS含量的能力。PK-15细胞在感染病毒后24,48和72h,蜂胶黄酮对提高TGEV感染PK-15细胞后产生抗感染因子能力高于PPV。蜂胶黄酮提高有囊膜的TGEV感染宿主PK-15细胞产生抗感染因子能力高于无囊膜的PPV。     

莪术油注射液体外抗猪细小病毒的试验

制备莪术油注射液,评价莪术油注射液体外对猪细小病毒(PPV)7909标准毒株的作用效果。在PK-15细胞上,通过不同加药方式观察PK-15细胞病变(CPE),用MTT法测定细胞活力。结果在PK-15细胞上,药物最大安全浓度(TD0)为86.4μg/mL,半数感染浓度(TD50)为162.2μg/mL;在药物安全浓度范围内,莪术油注射液对PPV 7909标准毒株的半数抑制浓度(IC50)为1.865μg/mL,半数阻断浓度(IC50)为3.75μg/mL,半数直接杀灭作用浓度(IC50)为81.2μg/mL。结果表明莪术油对PPV 7909标准毒株有明显的体外抑制作用,但直接杀灭作用不明显。     

绿原酸的提取及其对猪细小病毒的体外作用研究

本试验利用水煮醇提方法提取金银花的主要成分绿原酸,通过观察PK 15细胞病变效应（CPE）来评价绿原酸不同加药方式（先加药后接种病毒,先接种病毒后加药）对猪细小病毒（PPV）的体外作用效果。结果表明,在安全浓度范围内,金银花提取物绿原酸对PPV具有显著的体外抑制作用和明显的体外阻断作用,对PPV的最小抑制浓度为1.56 μg/ml,对PPV的最小阻断浓度为0.391 μg/ml。     

7种中药成分对新城疫病毒感染鸡胚成纤维细胞能力的影响

将氧化苦参碱、甘草酸、黄芪多糖、栀子苷、绿原酸、虎杖苷和木犀草素等7种中药成分稀释成安全浓度范围内的高、中、低3种浓度,分别与NDV以3种方式加入到培养成单层的CEF的培养体系中,用MTT法测定NDV感染细胞能力的变化.结果表明,先加中药后加病毒时,氧化苦参碱、甘草酸、黄芪多糖的高、中浓度、栀子苷高浓度显著抑制病毒感染细胞;先加病毒后加中药时,氧化苦参碱的高、中浓度、黄芪多糖的中、低浓度显著抑制病毒感染细胞;中药与病毒同时加入时,氧化苦参碱的高、中浓度,黄芪多糖的高、中、低浓度和甘草酸高浓度显著抑制病毒感染细胞.绿原酸、虎杖苷和木犀草素3种中药成分无论是哪种加药方式均无抑制NDV感染细胞的作用.     

藏药材抗新城疫病毒的体外试验研究

为筛选抗新城疫病毒藏药复方的组分药,将安全浓度范围内的藏菖蒲、红景天、灵芝菌柄、灵芝菌盖、决明子、天冬、龙胆、降香、乳香、仁青芒觉、二十五味松石丸和二十五味珍珠丸的煎液和鸡新城疫病毒（NDV）分别以3种方式（先加藏药后接种病毒、先接种病毒后加藏药、藏药和病毒感作后同时加）加入到鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）的培养体系中,72h后用MTT法测定各藏药对NDV感染CEF能力的影响。结果表明,多数藏药均能显著抑制NDV感染细胞,且与加药方式和药物浓度有一定关系。藏菖蒲、灵芝菌盖和降香在3种加药方式中均呈现显著效果,可作为抗NDV藏药复方的组分药。     

12种藏药对新城疫病毒感染鸡胚成纤维细胞能力的影响

为筛选抗新城疫病毒藏药复方的组分药,将安全质量浓度范围内的藏菖蒲、红景天、灵芝菌柄、灵芝菌盖、决明子、天冬、龙胆、降香、乳香、仁青芒觉、二十五味松石丸、二十五味珍珠丸的煎液和鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)分别以3种方式(先加藏药后接种病毒、先接种病毒后加藏药、藏药和病毒感作后同时加)加入到鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)的培养体系中.用MTT法测定各藏药对NDV感染CEF能力的影响.结果表明:多数藏药均能显著抑制NDV感染细胞,且与加药方式和药物质量浓度有一定关系.藏菖蒲、灵芝菌盖和降香在3种加药方式中均呈现显著效果,可作为抗NDV藏药复方的组分药.     

Effects of Propolis Flavone on Antiviral Ability of Host Cell

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of propolis flavone (PF) on antiviral ability of host cell.First,the maximal safe concentration of PF to CEF and PK-15 was determined by MTT method.Then PF was diluted to five concentrations (from 250 to 15.6 μg/mL) with maintenance medium and acceded to foster system of CEF or PK-15 with NDV,IBDV,TGEV and PPV,respectively,and the cell viability was observed by MTT method at 24,48 and 72 h after infection as the index of high antiviral ability of host cell.The results showed that PF could promote the antiviral ability of host cell.And the effects were related to PF concentration,as the concentration increased,the effects were better.The antiviral activity of PF to NDV and TGEV with envelope in host cell existed in infectious earlier stage,while for IBDV and PPV without envelope,the activity appeared in infectious later stage.The results indicated that the antiviral effect period and mechanism of propolis flavone was different for different viruses,propolis flavone could be use for the prevention of NDV and TGEV,and for the treatment of IBDV and PPV.     

黄芪、板蓝根对猪细小病毒体外抑制作用研究

为研究中草药黄芪、板蓝根作为抗病毒药物的效果及初步机理，利用细胞病变（CPE）抑制实验测定黄芪、板蓝根单独使用及1：1联合使用在PK-15单层细胞上对猪细小病毒（PPV）的抑制作用。结果表明：板蓝根单独使用时体外对PPV有明显的抑制作用，其对PPV的最小直接杀灭浓度为0．62mg／mL，最小阻断浓度为0．31mg／mL；而黄芪单独使用时对PPV无明显的抑制作用。板蓝根、黄芪1：1联合使用时对PPV的抑制作用显著增强，其对PPV的最小直接杀灭浓度提高为0．31mg／mL，最小阻断浓度提高为0．075mg／mL。     

列当多糖对鸡新城疫病毒在鸡成纤维细胞中增殖的抑制作用

为研究列当多糖抗新城疫病毒(NDV)活性,用水提醇沉法提取列当总多糖及4种分级多糖,并通过苯酚硫酸法及红外光谱对列当多糖进行检测。通过MTT法测定各级多糖对鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)的安全浓度。以3种加药方式(先加多糖后接种病毒、先接种病毒后加多糖、多糖和病毒感作后加)加药,检测列当多糖对新城疫病毒的阻断作用、抑制作用及直接杀灭作用。结果表明,列当总多糖及4种分级多糖均具有抗NDV活性,其中对NDV的抑制作用及阻断作用强于对NDV的直接杀灭作用。50%、80%梯度醇沉的列当多糖(OSP50、OSP80)及总多糖(OSPt),阻断作用下的病毒抑制率分别为19.50%、33.10%和22.30%,抑制作用下的病毒抑制率分别为19.00%、21.90%和22.60%,杀灭作用下对NDV的抑制率分别为,14.70%、17.50%和13.30%,其余各组多糖阻断作用、抑制作用及杀灭作用下的病毒抑制率均低于上述3组多糖。说明OSP50、OSP80及OSPt的抗NDV活性较好,可以作为进一步研究的材料。     

葫芦多糖体外抗鸡新城疫病毒作用的研究

为研究葫芦多糖抗新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus,NDV） 活性,本试验采用水提醇沉法提取葫芦总多糖及4种分级多糖,通过苯酚-硫酸法及红外光谱对葫芦多糖进行检测,MTT法测定各级多糖对鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）的安全浓度,多糖的安全浓度统一定为78.125 μg/mL,以3种加药方式（先加多糖后接种病毒、先接种病毒后加多糖、多糖和病毒感作后加药）,检测葫芦多糖对NDV的阻断、抑制及直接杀灭作用。结果表明,葫芦总多糖及4种分级多糖均具有抗NDV活性,其中对NDV的抑制作用及直接杀灭作用强于对NDV的阻断作用。70%、80%梯度醇沉的葫芦多糖（LSP₇₀、LSP₈₀）及总多糖（LSP_t）,抑制作用下的病毒抑制率分别为40.41%、44.54%、61.85%,杀灭作用下的病毒抑制率分别为44.74%、58.76%和59.38%,阻断作用下对NDV的抑制率,其中LSP₈₀组最高达37.14%,其余各组均低于25%。综上可知,70%、80%梯度醇沉的葫芦多糖及葫芦总多糖的抗NDV活性较好,可作为进一步研究的材料。     

Immune complex-based vaccine for pig protection against parvovirus

The insoluble immune complexes (ICs) were prepared under the conditions of double immunodiffusion in gel, using the suspension of the ultrasound treated PK-15 cell-line infected with porcine parvovirus (PPV) containing both viral particles and viral proteins, as well as pig or rabbit anti-PPV polyclonal immune sera. The immunodiffusion performed in an agarose gel allows only viral subunits with a molecular mass equal to or less than 1000 kDa, rather than the viral particles, to diffuse through the gel and reach the point where the immunoprecipitate is to be formed. The immunoprecipitation under the conditions of the diffusion ensures the optimal, i.e. equimolar ratio of both immunoprecipitating components, antibody/antigen in the IC. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the Western blot analyses showed the ICs were composed of two proteins, a protein in which molecular mass corresponded to the VP2 of the PPV and a protein with a molecular mass of the IgG. This suggests that the ICs are mainly composed of the VP2 antigen and IgG class antibodies. The potency of the IC-vaccines prepared in the form of a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion was compared with that of a commercially available, inactivated oil vaccine. The vaccination of gilts, 6 weeks before mating, with the IC containing allogeneic pig antibodies, resulted in the development of high and long-lasting anti-PPV antibody titres, similar to those generated by the licenced vaccine (P > 0.01). The content of the virus material administered by the IC was twice lower than that in the licenced vaccine. Neither systemic nor local reactions were observed in the gilts during the period of the trial with the IC vaccine. The number of viable piglets per litter varied between 9 and 12 and no signs of the PPV infection were detected. Rabbits were used as one of the alternative laboratory animal models accepted for the testing of the vaccine against the PPV. The rabbit humoral immune response generated by the IC containing the allogeneic antibodies were higher than that generated by the ICs containing the xenogeneic pig antibodies. It was similar to that generated by two-times higher content of the virus material administered by a commercially available vaccine. The IC-based vaccines belong to non-replicating, subunit vaccines, which are both ecologically convenient and the safest vaccines of all.     

Study on Antiviral Effect of Polysaccharides from Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.on NDV in vitro

To research on polysaccharides from Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.against Newcastle disease virus (NDV).Total polysaccharide and four different solvent extractions of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.were extracted by the methods of hot water extraction and ethanol precipition in this study.The content of polysaccharide was measured by phenol-sulfuric acid method and infrared spectroscopy method.The safe concentration and growth of chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) were assayed by MTT method,in order to facilitated the comparison under the same level,the safe concentration was united as 78.125 μg/mL.Under the safety range of concentration,detected the block-virus activity,anti-virus activity and virus-killing activity of polysaccharides through the ways of pre-adding polysaccharides,post-adding polysaccharides and adding polysaccharides with NDV.The results showed that the direct inactivation and propagation inhibition activity of total polysaccharide and four different solvent extractions were stronger than anti-absorption function.Anti-virus inhibition rate of 70%,80% gradient alcohol precipitation of polysaccharides from Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.(LSP₇₀,LSP₈₀) and total polysaccharide (LSP_t)were 40.41%,44.54% and 61.85%,virus-killing inhibition rate were 44.74%,58.76% and 59.38%.LSP₈₀ had the highest virus inhibition rate as 37.14% in the block-virus activity of those five polysaccharides.In summary,70%,80% gradient alcohol precipitation and total polysaccharide in polysaccharides possessed better activity and would be as the materials for further research.     

稳定表达IL-10的PK-15细胞的构建及其在PCV2增殖中的应用

【目的】 研究白细胞介素-10（IL-10）对猪圆环病毒2型（Porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2）复制的影响,筛选PCV2高感染性细胞系和提高PCV2病毒滴度,为后续疫苗的研发及IL-10在PCV2感染中的作用研究提供参考。【方法】 利用PCR技术扩增猪IL-10基因,将目的基因与慢病毒表达载体（pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-GFP+Puro）进行连接,获得重组质粒pCDH-CMV-IL-10,将其与包装质粒psPAX2和pMD2.G共转染293T细胞进行慢病毒包装。用收集的慢病毒液感染PK-15细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选后得到细胞株PK-15-IL-10,对照组细胞分别命名为PK-15-pCDH和PK-15。PCV2感染PK-15-IL-10、PK-15-pCDH和PK-15细胞株后,在24、48和72 h分别收集细胞液,利用CCK-8检测细胞活力。利用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting检测IL-10基因的表达水平和PCV2的复制情况;利用间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）观察PCV2在细胞中的复制情况及测定PCV2的病毒滴度（TCID₅₀）。【结果】 试验成功构建了重组质粒pCDH-CMV-IL-10,将其与包装质粒psPAX2和pMD2.G共转染293T细胞后,48 h时细胞状态最好,荧光最强。分别收集共转染48和72 h的慢病毒液上清感染PK-15细胞,pCDH-CMV-IL-10组的荧光最强,将其在嘌呤霉素浓度为2.5 μg/mL的完全培养基中继续培养,获得仍有绿色荧光的稳转细胞株。实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting检测发现,IL-10基因在pCDH-IL-10细胞株中的表达量明显高于对照组PK-15-pCDH和PK-15,PCV2的拷贝数增加了4倍,复制能力增强,且将病毒稀释连续传3代后,PK-15-IL-10细胞中的PCV2极显著高于PK-15细胞（P<0.01）。细胞增殖试验表明,猪IL-10基因在细胞中过表达对细胞活力无明显影响;IFA结果表明,PK-15-IL-10细胞中的荧光比PK-15细胞更强,PCV2在PK-15-IL-10细胞中的TCID₅₀在感染后48 h极显著高于PK-15细胞（P<0.01）。【结论】 本研究成功构建了pCDH-CMV-IL-10的慢病毒表达载体,并利用其感染PK-15细胞,继续培养后筛选出过表达IL-10的PK-15-IL-10细胞株,用PCV2感染该细胞株能促进PCV2在PK-15细胞中的复制。本试验结果为后期疫苗研究提供了参考,为进一步研究IL-10对PCV2在PK-15细胞中复制的影响奠定了基础。     

蜂胶黄酮的超声波提取工艺研究

通过单因素实验研究了蜂胶黄酮的超声波提取工艺,并对蜂胶中黄酮类化合物的清除活性氧自由基的能力进行测定。结果表明蜂胶黄酮的最佳提取工艺为：75％乙醇作为溶剂,料液比为1：10,提取时间为20min,超声波提取2次,温度为60cc,此时黄酮提取含量最高,达到5．046mg／g。蜂胶中黄酮提取液稀释100倍后对DPPH活性氧自由基的清除能力和Vc的清除能力相当,蜂胶黄酮是比较有开发潜力的抗氧化剂。