短期高温下6个品种甜樱桃幼苗耐热性比较

为了比较不同甜樱桃品种的耐热性，以6个品种的1年生盆栽嫁接苗为试材，通过模拟高温，探究高温胁迫下其叶片生理、叶绿素荧光指标变化，结合相关性分析、主成分分析等方法综合评价其耐热性，并通过逐步回归模型筛选出甜樱桃耐热生理评价指标。结果表明，经高温胁迫后，6个品种甜樱桃幼苗的抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质等生理指标变化有所不同；各品种叶绿素荧光参数中的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、表观电子传递速率(ETR)均显著下降，拉宾斯的非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)升高，桑提娜的NPQ下降，其余品种的NPQ无显著变化。6个品种幼苗的综合耐热性排序为红蜜>桑提娜>早大果>雷尼>拉宾斯>布鲁克斯。基于逐步回归模型筛选出的过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、脯氨酸含量、Fv/Fo 4个指标可高效、准确地对甜樱桃耐热性进行评价。     

高温胁迫下不同耐热性萝卜幼苗生理响应分析

利用耐热性差异显著的萝卜自交系为材料,研究了高温(38℃)胁迫下萝卜幼苗丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量变化与耐热性的关系。结果表明:高温处理前耐热材料中可溶性蛋白含量高于不耐热材料;可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸和MDA含量无显著差异。处理24、48、72h,耐热材料中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量均显著高于不耐热材料,MDA含量显著低于不耐热材料。处理24h,4个指标的含量都比处理前显著增加,可溶性蛋白含量在处理48、72h时逐渐降低,但耐热材料下降得较慢。与处理24h相比,处理48、72h时可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸和MDA含量在耐热材料中没有显著变化,而在不耐热材料中处理48h显著高于处理24h时的含量。表明这4个指标的含量变化能准确反映萝卜幼苗耐热性差异,可考虑用于萝卜幼苗的耐热性鉴定评价。     

低温胁迫对西瓜砧木幼苗生长和生理指标的影响

以4种西瓜砧木幼苗为试材,进行15℃/5℃(昼/夜)连续7d低温处理,测定4种西瓜砧木幼苗的生长指标和生理指标。结果表明:低温胁迫后西瓜砧木材料"黄金搭档"株高、茎粗、地上部鲜质量、根鲜质量的相对生长量均高于其它砧木;根系活力、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性亦不同程度高于其它砧木,而丙二醛(MDA)含量则显著低于其它砧木,可见西瓜砧木材料"黄金搭档"值得在西瓜耐低温生产中推广应用。     

高温胁迫对黄瓜幼苗叶片质膜透性及保护酶活性的影响

用耐热性不同的两个黄瓜品种为试材,以昼28℃/夜13℃为对照,研究其在高温胁迫下(昼35℃/夜20℃)细胞膜透性与保护酶活性的变化情况.结果表明,高温胁迫使黄瓜幼苗叶片脯氨酸(Pro)含量积累量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、电解质渗漏率(EL)、丙二醛(MDA)含量均上升.耐热品种脯氨酸含量积累量、保护酶POD、CAT活性上升幅度大于不耐热品种,而电解质渗漏率、丙二醛含量增幅小于不耐热品种;而保护酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈下降趋势,耐热品种下降程度小于不耐热品种.解除逆境胁迫正常温度恢复2天,两品种各项指标值均有所恢复,且耐热品种恢复程度大于不耐热品种.     

高温胁迫对芹菜幼苗细胞膜稳定性的影响

以经京津地区多年夏季露地自然高温下筛选出的不同耐热性的8个芹菜品系为试材,在高温胁迫下,分析比较其膜稳定性、丙二醛含量和保护酶活性等指标。结果表明:经过一段时间的高温处理以后,耐热品系的膜稳定性高于不耐热品系,而丙二醛含量与耐热性呈负相关。保护酶变化各不相同,CAT活性与耐热性呈正相关。POD活性在高温下发生变化,随着高温处理温度的升高,POD活性有下降的趋势,但同一高温处理下,耐热品系POD活性升高幅度小于不耐热品系;SOD活性品系间有显著差异,但和耐热性无显著相关性。     

不同茄子品种幼苗耐热性比较研究

以4个不同产地茄子品种“新乡糙青茄”、“紫罐茄”、“天子岭紫长茄”、“杭茄一号”为试材,研究了高温胁迫对不同茄子品种幼苗生理指标的影响.结果表明:高温胁迫后,除“新乡糙青茄”外,3个品种茄子的叶色值L、b下降,叶色值a和叶绿素含量上升,“杭茄一号”叶绿素含量增幅最大(28.66％);“紫罐茄”和‘天子岭紫长茄’的根系活力上升,另2个品种表现为先下降后上升;高温胁迫的各品种质膜透性大于未胁迫的,“新乡糙青茄”增幅最大(30.91％);高温胁迫的各品种脯氨酸、MDA含量比未胁迫的高;除“杭茄一号”的保护酶活性较为稳定外,高温胁迫的各品种保护酶活性均有减少趋势,且“杭茄一号”可溶性蛋白质下降最少,仅为19.63％.综合比较得出“杭茄一号”的幼苗在高温胁迫下的耐热性较好.     

十六个德国鸢尾品种的耐热性评价

以16个德国鸢尾品种叶片为试材,在高温条件下测定叶片中叶绿素、丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,利用主成分、隶属函数及聚类分析方法对测定指标进行评价排序,综合鉴定比较16个德国鸢尾品种的耐热特性,以期为研究和利用德国鸢尾耐热品种提供参考依据。结果表明:不同品种在常温下的各项生理指标以及高温胁迫后的变化幅度各不相同;高温胁迫下,德国鸢尾各个品种的叶片中叶绿素含量均有不同程度降低;SOD与POD活性增强;MDA、脯氨酸及可溶性蛋白质含量升高;结合主成分分析、隶属函数值排序,16个德国鸢尾品种间耐热性强弱依次为"魂断蓝桥""PartyDress""Galamadrid""音箱""黑骑士""Ninbeiunge""Queen""Jessica""不朽白""法国回声""金娃娃""笛声""洋娃娃""黄莲""皇家十字军""短梦"。通过检测高温胁迫下德国鸢尾叶片生理指标,并利用主成分和隶属函数分析建立德国鸢尾耐热性的综合鉴定与评价体系,适用于耐热型德国鸢尾品种资源的评价与筛选。     

茄子耐热性苗期指标的筛选及耐热种质鉴定

试验通过比较4个茄子品种在高温条件下6个生理生化指标和生长情况表现出的差异,筛选出热害指数、膜相对电导率和可溶性糖含量3个指标在幼苗期可一定程度反映茄子耐热性;基于以上3个指标对20份茄子种质进行苗期耐热鉴定,最终筛选出E-4、E-7、E-11、E-21这4个耐热性较强的材料。     

番茄砧木耐热性评价及热胁迫生理响应研究

南方地区番茄在春延后栽培和秋提前栽培中易受异常高温的影响,采用耐热砧木进行嫁接栽培可以提高番茄的耐热性。为筛选耐热性强的番茄砧木种质资源,本试验对20份番茄砧木种质的种子和幼苗进行热胁迫处理,根据热害表型和幼苗生长生理指标评价砧木种质的耐热性。结果表明,热胁迫抑制番茄砧木种子萌发,随着温度升高,种子发芽率明显降低。34 ℃时,除N3外的砧木种质种子发芽率降至50%以下;37 ℃时种子发芽率均降至24%以下,40 ℃时种子发芽率均为0。亚高温(34 ℃/28 ℃)和高温(37 ℃/28 ℃)胁迫下,G3、N3、Q2均表现强耐高温(HR),A1、Q3、Q4、Q5、Y4表现中耐高温(MR)或耐高温(R)。幼苗热害指数与株高、叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量呈极显著正相关,与叶片SPAD值、茎粗、全株鲜质量、全株干质量、叶片游离脯氨酸含量呈显著或极显著负相关。利用以上7项生长生理指标,采用隶属函数值法对供试种质的耐热性进行综合评价,种质G3、N3、Q2的耐热性居前3位,与亚高温胁迫的幼苗热害指数排序一致。综上,种质 G3、N3、Q2强耐高温,可作为选育耐热番茄砧木的骨干材料。     

高温胁迫对西洋杜鹃理化指标的影响

以3年生西洋杜鹃‘粉珍珠’幼苗为试材,分别在22℃/14℃(14h/10h)、30℃/22℃(14h/10h)和38℃/30℃(14h/10h)下胁迫4d,研究了西洋杜鹃叶片对高温胁迫的理化响应。结果表明:在30℃和38℃胁迫下,植株遭受不同程度的伤害,38℃胁迫对植株造成的伤害程度大于30℃。叶绿素含量随着胁迫温度呈逐渐降低趋势;丙二醛含量在30℃轻度胁迫时下降,38℃重度胁迫时则升高;超氧化物歧化酶活性变化趋势则相反。说明‘粉珍珠’有一定的耐热性,但22℃是其较适宜的生长温度。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量