缺氧条件下巨噬细胞移动抑制因子对肉鸡心肌脂肪酸代谢的影响

旨在探讨缺氧条件下巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)对肉鸡心肌脂肪酸代谢的影响。取9~12日龄鸡胚,采用胰蛋白酶和Ⅱ型胶原酶联合消化法分离培养心肌细胞,镜下观察细胞形态及活力,并对其进行免疫细胞化学鉴定。以低氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)为缺氧指标,化学缺氧模拟剂氯化钴(CoCl_2)处理鸡胚心肌细胞,构建细胞缺氧模型。为了确认MIF与磷酸化腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(p-AMPK)的关系,在缺氧模型上用MIF抑制剂(ISO-1)阻断MIF,观测p-AMPK是否随MIF阻断而变化。利用Western bolt检测脂肪酸代谢关键酶脂肪酸转运酶(FAT/CD36)、磷酸化乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(p-ACC)及肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶(CPT-1A)是否在缺氧状态下发生变化。结果:经差速培养的鸡心肌细胞纯度达90%以上;镜下观察,细胞呈梭形和不规则形,并可自发节律性搏动,频率80~130次·min~(-1)。Western bolt检测显示,经600μmol·L~(-1) CoCl_2处理心肌细胞24h,HIF-1α表达较正常对照组极显著升高(P0.01);100μmol·L~(-1) ISO-1阻断MIF后,MIF及p-AMPK表达量均明显降低(P0.01)。与正常组相比,缺氧组心肌MIF、p-AMPK、FAT/CD_(36)、p-ACC和CPT-1A表达均极显著升高(P0.01);ISO阻断组心肌各目的蛋白质的表达较缺氧组均极显著下降(P0.01)。缺氧条件下,心肌自分泌MIF增多,通过激活AMPK促进脂肪酸相继进入细胞质和线粒体,加强氧化供能,为缺氧提供代偿性保护。     

双氢睾酮诱导大鼠心肌细胞肥大模型的建立

应用胰蛋白酶分次消化法分离乳鼠心肌细胞,以差速贴壁法纯化心肌细胞,α-sarconme-actin抗体免疫细胞化学染色鉴定心肌细胞。心肌细胞在无血清无酚红培养基中培养48h后,用双氢睾酮(DHT)诱导心肌细胞肥大,建立心肌细胞肥大模型。24h后检测心肌细胞肥大的指标心肌细胞表面积;BCA法测定心肌细胞蛋白含量;半定量RTPCR两步法检测心肌细胞肥大的特征性基因—心房利钠因子(atrial natriuretic factor,ANF,β-肌球蛋白重链(β-myosin heavy chain,β-MHC)mRNA的表达。结果显示免疫细胞化学染色显示培养的心肌细胞纯度达到90%以上,心肌细胞分离良好。与对照组相比,10-8 mol/L的DHT能显著的增加心肌细胞表面积、蛋白质含量、ANP和β-MHC基因表达的增加(P0.01),心肌细胞肥大模型建立成功。     

雏鸡心肌细胞分离及原代培养

为探讨雏鸡心肌细胞的分离、培养方法,采用胶原酶重复多次消化心肌组织,收集每次消化的上清液用含20%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养基终止消化,离心沉淀细胞后再加入培养基混悬细胞.采用差速贴壁法和化学法纯化心肌细胞后置CO2培养箱孵育,并对培养的心肌细胞进行免疫组化鉴定.结果显示,未贴壁时心肌细胞呈圆形,培养12～24 h心肌细胞开始贴壁生长,细胞伸出伪足呈梭形、多角形,3～4 d后形成细胞簇,5～7 d后细胞汇合成片.免疫组化结果表明α-SA抗原表达阳性,证明培养的细胞为心肌细胞,应用酶消化法可简便、快速地获得大量活力高的雏鸡心肌细胞.     

不同浓度α-卡茄碱对仔猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞增殖率的影响

[目的]研究α-卡茄碱对仔猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞增殖率的影响。[方法]以体外培养的仔猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞系IPEC-J2为试验材料,向其中添加不同浓度的α-卡茄碱,分别于培养的24、48、72h采集细胞样品,采用MTT法测定细胞的增殖率。[结果]浓度为0.1、0.2μg/mL的α-卡茄碱处理24h后,其细胞增殖率较对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);而0.4、0.8、1.6μg/mL组的增殖率与对照组相比,极显著(P<0.01)降低。处理48h后,0.1μg/mL组增殖率与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05);而0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6μg/mL组与对照组相比,极显著(P<0.01)降低。处理72h后,各处理组增殖率与对照组相比,极显著(P<0.01)降低。[结论]α-卡茄碱可以降低仔猪小肠黏膜上皮细胞增殖率,其浓度越高对小肠黏膜上皮细胞增殖率的影响越明显(P<0.01),作用时间越长细胞增殖率降低越明显(P<0.01)。     

银杏叶提取物对热应激致鸡心肌细胞氧化损伤的保护作用研究

本试验旨在研究银杏叶提取物(Ginko biloba extract,GBE)对热应激致鸡心肌细胞氧化损伤的保护作用。取12日龄AA肉鸡心脏制备鸡原代心肌细胞,向原代心肌细胞培养板中分别加入0、5、10、50、100、150 mg/mL GBE,CCK-8试剂盒检测心肌细胞存活率;将原代心肌细胞以1×104个/孔接种于96孔板,培养48h,分别加入0、5、10、50、100、200、500、1 000μg/mL GBE,Hoechst 33258检测心肌细胞凋亡率,确定最适GBE浓度。42℃热应激处理(0、0.5、1、2和4h)建立心肌细胞损伤模型,ELISA试剂盒检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、细胞丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;Western blotting检测Hsp72蛋白表达。结果显示,高浓度GBE具有细胞毒性,50、100、150mg/mL GBE能极显著抑制细胞生长(P0.01),50μg/mL GBE能够极显著提高细胞增殖率(P0.01)。热应激后细胞发生凋亡,细胞内MDA、LDH含量增加,SOD活性、GSHPx含量减少,产生氧化损伤;GBE可以降低热应激时细胞LDH和MDA的含量,增加SOD活性和GSH-Px的含量,热应激2、4h,GBE处理效果明显。此外,GBE可增加心肌细胞中Hsp72蛋白的表达。综上所述,GBE能降低热应激状态下心肌细胞的氧化损伤,其机制可能与提高抗氧化酶活性及提高Hsp72的表达有关。     

Poly(I:C)对PRRSV诱导的抗病毒免疫反应的影响

为了研究聚肌苷胞对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)诱导的抗病毒免疫反应的影响,本研究采用200个TCID50的PRRSV感染猪肺巨噬细胞(porcine alveolar macrophage,PAM),吸附1h后用100μg/L的聚肌苷胞(poly(I:C))处理细胞,分别培养12、24、36、48h后收集细胞及上清,同时设PRRSV感染对照组、poly(I:C)刺激对照组和健康细胞对照组,用实验室已经建立的Real-time qPCR方法对poly(I:C)刺激PRRSV感染组和PRRSV感染对照组中PRRSV复制水平及各组PAM细胞中IFN-α、TNF-αmRNA转录水平变化进行定量分析。结果显示,PRRSV在感染PAM细胞后12~24h期间可促进PAM细胞IFN-αmRNA的转录,36~48h期间抑制PAM细胞IFN-αmRNA的转录;TNF-αmRNA转录水平在12、48h后略微升高,在24、36h后均略微下降。Poly(I:C)处理PAM细胞后IFN-α、TNF-αmRNA转录水平均上调。Poly(I:C)+PRRSV组IFN-αmRNA的转录水平与PRRSV组相比在12~36h均显著升高,在48h后则显著下调。Poly(I:C)+PRRSV组TNF-αmRNA转录水平与PRRSV组相比,12~36h后均升高,在12h升高较显著,48h后则显著下调。结果表明,PRRSV感染PAM细胞经Poly(I:C)刺激后IFN-α、TNF-αmRNA转录水平在12~36h后显著升高,从而抑制了PRRSV在PAM细胞内的复制。     

猪干扰素α2亚型的表达纯化及抗病毒活性测定

为研究重组猪干扰素α2亚型(porcine interferonα2, poIFN-α2)对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, PRRSV)的抑制作用,试验构建了pCSMH-poIFN-α2的大肠杆菌表达载体,采用温度诱导poIFN-α2表达后,收集包涵体并复性后,采用亲和层析的方法对poIFN-α2进行纯化。采用Western blot方法检测纯化后蛋白的特异性,结果显示该蛋白具有较好的特异性和反应原性。用不同浓度的重组poIFN-α2处理MARC-145和PAM细胞24 h后,接种PRRSV(1 000 TCID₅₀)。24 h后收集细胞,采用荧光定量PCR检测细胞内PRRSV ORF7的核酸水平,同时检测细胞上清液中PRRSV的TCID₅₀。结果证明大肠杆菌表达的重组poIFN-α2可以有效抑制PRRSV的增殖。进一步检测重组poIFN-α2在PAM细胞上诱导干扰素刺激基因(ISG)的水平,结果证明重组poIFN-α2可有效诱导PAM细胞内IS...     

仔猪心肌细胞分离及培养方法研究

为探讨仔猪心肌细胞的分离及培养方法,采用胶原酶Ⅳ型和胰酶同时消化心肌组织,用10%胎牛血清终止消化,并用100目细胞筛过滤后,1200 r/min离心沉淀细胞,再加入培养液重悬细胞。采用差速贴壁法纯化心肌细胞后置CO2培养箱孵育。结果显示,未贴壁时心肌细胞呈圆形,培养12~24 h心肌细胞开始贴壁生长,细胞伸出伪足呈梭形、多角形,3~4 d后形成细胞簇,5~7 d后细胞汇合成片。因此,同时使用胶原酶Ⅳ型和胰酶消化仔猪心肌可简便、快速地获得高活力的心肌细胞。     

长毛兔毛乳头细胞的分离培养及生长特性研究

为了成功分离培养家兔毛乳头细胞(DPCs),为体外开展家兔毛囊发育的相关机制研究提供良好模型,本研究采用中性蛋白酶与胶原酶两步消化法,分离并纯化长毛兔DPCs,观察体外生长的DPCs细胞形态并绘制生长曲线。结果表明,长毛兔DPCs在第47天进入对数生长期;体外培养的DPCsα-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和波形蛋白(VIM)表达均呈阳性,证实分离培养的细胞确为毛囊真皮源性的毛乳头细胞。ECCK-8比较第3代和第9代DPCs的增殖特性,显示在120h和144h生长高峰时,第9代的细胞密度显著低于第3代的细胞密度(P0.05);细胞周期结果显示,在72h、96h、122h和144h时,第3代DPCs的G0/G1期比例显著低于第9代(P0.05),而G2/M期的细胞比例显著高于第9代(P0.05),表明传至9代以后DPCs不再适合体外培养。本研究成功建立了长毛兔毛乳头细胞体外培养条件,为体外研究家兔毛囊发育机制奠定良好的理论基础。     

高能微波对体外培养乳鼠心肌细胞生长活力的影响

体外培养的心肌细胞可保持心肌结构及功能上的诸多特点 ,有自发性节律性搏动 ,且不受神经、体液等体内因素的影响 ,因而在实验研究上得到了广泛应用。目前 ,乳鼠心肌细胞的培养方法较多 [1 ] ,但由于心脏细胞成分复杂 ,心肌细胞培养过程较为繁琐 ,应根据实验目的摸索简便快捷的培养方法。随着微波技术的应用 ,微波污染也日益增多 ,并成为日常影响人畜身体健康的主要物理因素之一 [2 ]。本试验对乳鼠心肌细胞的培养方法作了改进 ,并观察了高能微波对乳鼠心肌细胞生长活力的影响。1　材料与方法1 .1　动物　生后 1～ 3d的 Wistar大鼠 (二级 )…     

原代奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞体外培养方法的改进

目前利用奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞体外培养技术，建立奶牛子宫内膜炎模型从而减少不可控因素来研究奶牛子宫内膜炎疾病已成为国内外普遍使用的一类方法，因此获得高纯度、同一性的子宫内膜上皮细胞是体外研究的关键环节，国内外所使用方法主要是酶消化法、组织块贴壁法和组织块消化贴壁法。本文旨对先前的方法进行改良，建立一种简便易行、培养周期短、细胞活性及形态良好的原代奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞体外培养技术。采用健康未孕奶牛子宫为试验材料，取下子宫内膜组织，加入5 mL含2%双抗、40%胰酶的DMEM/F12培养基，4 ℃消化12 h，再将组织移至25 cm²细胞培养瓶中贴壁培养。获得原代细胞后，应用角蛋白-18抗体对细胞进行免疫组化荧光鉴定，并对第3代细胞采用CCK-8法测定不同时间点的D_{450 nm}值，绘制细胞生长曲线。结果显示，培养至第8天，原代细胞基本铺满细胞培养瓶瓶底，有效地缩短了常规组织块贴壁法的周期。通过角蛋白-18免疫组化荧光鉴定，原代上皮细胞的阳性率可达98%以上，相比常规组织块贴壁法来说，纯度明显提高，省去了细胞纯化的操作步骤。细胞增殖状态，符合正常的分裂生长特性。试验结果表明将常规组织块贴壁法进行了优化改良，不仅缩短了培养周期，同时提高纯度，保持细胞活性，为原代奶牛子宫内膜上皮细胞体外培养技术的改良提供一定的参考。     

Porcine preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation: a role for leptin?

The present study was designed to determine whether porcine leptin can alter the proliferation and differentiation of the porcine preadipocyte. The stromal vascular cell fraction of neonatal pig s.c. adipose tissue was isolated by collagenase digestion, filtration, and subsequent centrifugation. For differentiation studies, cells were seeded on six-well tissue culture plates and proliferated to confluency in 10% (vol/vol) fetal bovine serum (FBS) in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/F12 (DMEM/F12; 50:50). Cultures were differentiated using 2.5% pig serum (vol/vol) and recombinant porcine leptin at concentrations of 0 to 1,000 ng/mL alone or in combination with porcine insulin (100 nM), dexamethasone (1 microM), or IGF-1 (250 ng/mL). After 7 d of lipid filling, cultures were harvested for analysis of sn-glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The GPDH and LPL activities are measures of preadipocyte differentiation. Data were corrected for protein content of the cultures. For proliferation experiments, 24 h after seeding cells with 10% FBS in DMEM/F12 in 25-cm2 tissue culture flasks, cells were switched to 5% FBS and supplemented with 0 to 1,000 ng of porcine leptin or 1,000 ng of murine leptin. Cell proliferation was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation in preconfluent cultures over 24 h on d 4 of culture. At confluency, cells were switched to a medium to promote differentiation and lipid filling (2.5% pig serum, 100 nM insulin, 1 microM dexamethasone) for 7 d. Cells were harvested from the flasks and adipocytes were separated from stromal cells by Percoll gradient centrifugation. In a series of experiments, leptin alone or in combination with insulin, dexamethasone, or IGF-I did not affect differentiation as measured by the activity of GPDH and LPL. Leptin at any concentration did not inhibit differentiation induced by insulin, dexamethasone, or IGF-I; however, leptin at 1,000 ng/mL stimulated a 30% increase in preadipocyte proliferation (P = 0.007; n = 6) and a 27% increase in stromal cell proliferation (P < 0.001; n = 6). These results indicate that, at most, porcine leptin may contribute to the recruitment of new adipocytes within the adipose tissue.     

蒙古马睾丸支持细胞的体外分离培养与鉴定

为研究一种简单快速分离蒙古马睾丸支持细胞并保证其活性的基本方法,本试验采集2岁蒙古马睾丸组织于低温环境下进行机械分离,将1~3 g睾丸组织剪碎,采用重力沉淀法去除游离的红细胞和间质细胞;使用0.1%胶原酶Ⅳ和0.25%胰蛋白酶+EDTA逐步进行组织消化,并用含有10%胎牛血清的培养基进行细胞培养;在接种后采用差异贴壁法分离纯化支持细胞,使用Tris-HCl低渗法去除杂质细胞,并采用碱性磷酸酶（AKP）染色、HE染色、实时荧光定量PCR方法进行鉴定。结果显示,支持细胞贴壁性能较强,培养24 h后大多数细胞开始贴壁,细胞形状呈椭圆形;培养48 h后胞质增多,折光性变强;培养3~4 d细胞胞质展开紧密连接,此时细胞呈三角形,有明显的核仁,培养6~7 d细胞生长状态进入稳定期。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,GATA4和GDNF基因在培养细胞中极显著表达（P<0.01）,AKP染色支持细胞呈阴性表达,表明分离培养的细胞确为支持细胞。本试验使用机械分离法与两步酶消化法处理组织,可快速高效地获得睾丸支持细胞,成功构建了蒙古马睾丸支持细胞体外培养方法。     

Isolation,Culture and Identification of Testis Sertoli Cells in Mongolian Horses in vitro

To study a simple and rapid separation of testis Sertoli cells in Mongolian horses and ensure their activity,the testis tissue of two-year-old Mongolian horses was mechanically isolated under a low temperature environment in this experiment,and 1-3 g of testis tissue was chopped,the free red blood cells and interstitial cells were removed by gravity precipitation method.0.1% collagenase Ⅳ and 0.25% trypsin-EDTA were used for tissue digestion, and cells were cultured in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum.After inoculation,the purified Sertoli cells were isolated and purified by differential sticking method,and the impurity cells were removed by Tris-HCl infiltration method,and were identified by alkaline phosphatase (AKP) staining,HE staining and Real-time quantitative PCR.The results showed that most of the cells began to adhere to the wall after culture 24 h,and the shape of the cells was oval.After culture 48 h,the cytoplasm increased and the refraction became stronger.After culture 3-4 d,the cytoplasm of the cells expanded into tight junction.At this time,the cells were triangular with obvious nucleoli.After culture 6-7 d,the cells entered the stable phase.Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the expression of GATA4 and GDNF genes were extremely significantly expressed in cultured cells (P<0.01).AKP staining supported the negative expression in Sertoli cells,indicating that the isolated cultured cells were indeed Sertoli cells.In this experiment,tissue was treated by mechanical separation and two-step enzyme digestion,and testicular support cells were obtained quickly and efficiently,the method of culturing Sertoli cells in Mongolian horses testis in vitro was successfully constructed.     

表皮生长因子对绵羊子宫内膜上皮原代细胞增殖的影响

通过建立和完善绵羊子宫内膜上皮原代细胞体外培养技术,为研究绵羊母体和孕体之间的相互作用机制建立体外着床模型。采用组织块法分离培养子宫内膜上皮细胞,观察其生长情况,并比较不同表皮生长因子（EGF）浓度对子宫内膜上皮细胞增殖的作用效果。结果显示,组织块培养1~2 d后,组织周围迁出子宫内膜上皮细胞,长满60 mm培养皿需9~12 d;经差时消化法纯化后,F1代绵羊子宫内膜上皮细胞纯度可达90%以上,表明所获细胞可用于后续试验;F2代细胞在不同浓度EGF（0、12.5、25、50、75、100 ng/mL）下培养144、168 h,经检测在144 h,12.5、25和100 ng/mL浓度下D_{450 nm}值极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,50 ng/mL浓度下显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,在168 h,12.5 ng/mL浓度下显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,因此,在12.5 ng/mL EGF作用下效果最佳;F3代细胞在0、12.5 ng/mL浓度下培养不同时间（24、48、72、96、120、144、168、192、216 h）,经检测D_{450 nm}值在144 h差异显著（P<0.05）,168 h后差异极显著（P<0.01）。因此,在培养液中添加12.5 ng/mL EGF可以更加高效、快速得到子宫内膜上皮细胞。     

Porcine leptin alters insulin inhibition of lipolysis in porcine adipocytes in vitro

The present study determined whether porcine leptin can alter the lipolytic rate in porcine adipocytes produced in vitro. The stromal-vascular cell fraction of neonatal subcutaneous adipose tissue was isolated by collagenase digestion, filtration, and subsequent centrifugation. These stromal-vascular cells were seeded on 25-cm2 tissue culture flasks and proliferated to confluency in 10% fetal bovine serum in DMEM/F12 (50:50). Cultures were differentiated using 2% pig serum + 10 mM isobutyl methylxanthine + 1 microM dexamethasone for 48 h. This medium was replaced with 5% pig serum + 1 microM insulin to promote lipid filling of adipocytes for 7 d. Adipocyte-containing cultures were incubated overnight in serum-free medium and then used for experiments. Acute experiments assessed lipolysis in cultures exposed to porcine leptin (0 to 1,000 ng/mL medium) for 2 h. Chronic experiments used cultures incubated with 100 ng porcine leptin/mL of medium for 72 h prior to lipolysis measurements. Direct effects of leptin were examined by incubating cultures in DMEM/F12, 25 mM HEPES, 3% bovine serum albumin, 20 mU of adenosine deaminase/mL of medium in the presence of 0 to 1,000 ng of porcine leptin/mL of medium. Indirect effects of leptin were examined using the same incubation medium but also supplemented with 1 microM isoproterenol +/- 10 nM insulin in the presence of 0 to 1,000 ng of porcine leptin/mL of medium. Media glycerol concentration was measured at the end of 2-h incubations. Acute leptin exposure induced up to a 76% increase in lipolysis (P < 0.05) but had no effect on insulin's inhibition of lipolysis. Chronic exposure to leptin produced up to a 56% increase in lipolysis (P < 0.05) and reduced insulin's inhibition ofisoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis by up to 31% (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate leptin functions to promote the partitioning of energy away from lipid accretion within porcine adipose tissue by promoting lipolysis directly and indirectly by reducing insulin-mediated inhibition of lipolysis.     

Isolation, propagation, and cryopreservation of equine articular chondrocytes.

Equine articular chondrocytes were isolated from explant cartilage cultures by digestion in a 0.075% collagenase solution for 15 to 19 hours. Cartilage from late-term fetal and neonatal foals resulted in mean chondrocyte yield of 51.99 x 10(6) cells/g of cartilage (wet weight), compared with a yield of 17.83 x 10(6) cells/g for foals 3 to 12 months old. Propagation of chondrocytes in monolayer and 3-dimensional culture was accomplished, using Ham's F-12 as the basal medium, with supplements of fetal bovine serum (10%), ascorbic acid, alpha-ketoglutarate, and L-glutamine. The medium was buffered with HEPES, and penicillin and streptomycin were added for microorganism control. In primary monolayer cultures of freshly isolated chondrocytes, the population doubling time was approximately 6 days. Dedifferentiation of chondrocytes toward a more fibroblastic-appearing cell was observed after the fifth passage (subculture), but was hastened by lower cell-plating density. Chondrocytes were frozen for periods of up to 9 months, using 10% dimethyl sulfoxide as the cryoprotectant. Cell viability of late-term fetal and neonatal foal chondrocytes after storage at -196 C decreased from 86% at 3 weeks to 31% at 12 weeks. Viability of cells derived from older foals and young adult horses was considerably better than that of cells from neonatal foals. Frozen chondrocytes can be stored for extended periods and thawed for immediate implantation or can be sustained in vitro in monolayer or 3-dimensional culture. Such cultures would be suitable for cartilage resurfacing experiments or in vitro assessment of various pharmaceuticals.     

Acute and persistent alterations in pulmonary inflammatory cells and airway mast cells induced by Sendai virus infection in neonatal rats

Neonatal rats inoculated with parainfluenza type 1 (Sendai) virus develop alveolar dysplasia and bronchiolar hypoplasia by 30 to 110 days after inoculation. Weanling rats do not develop these abnormalities. Because neonatal animals have hyporesponsive immune and inflammatory cell functions, and because neonatal rats support pulmonary viral replication for longer duration and are delayed in their viral antibody response compared to weanling rats, we compared inflammatory and immune responses of two age groups of rats following viral inoculation. Data from quantitative bronchoalveolar lavage 1 to 29 days following viral inoculation demonstrated that neonates had significantly fewer (P less than 0.05) lymphocytes and macrophages in their bronchoalveolar fluid per cm2 alveolar surface than weanlings. Magnitude of neutrophil responses in neonatal rats compared to weanlings were not depressed. Pulmonary interferon activity was lower in neonates than in weanlings at 2, 3, 4, and 5 days after viral inoculation. Neonates failed to make antibody following intraperitoneal inoculation of inactivated viral antigen, whereas weanling rats had detectable viral antibody by 3 to 5 days after injection of antigen. At 90 days after inoculation of neonates, viral-inoculated rats had over 100-fold greater numbers (P less than 0.05) of mast cells in enzyme-dissociated lung preparations compared to age-matched controls. Viral-inoculated rats had two- to three-fold greater densities of mast cells (#/mm) in bronchiolar walls (P less than 0.02) than did control rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Attempts to immunize rats against infection with Fasciola hepatica using in vitro culture antigens from newly excysted metacercariae.

Attempts were made to immunise rats against Fasciola hepatica using the culture products obtained from the in vitro cultivation of newly excysted metacercariae. Three culture regimes were chosen: (1) medium NCTC 135 for 48 h (2) NCTC 135 + 20 per cent fetal calf serum (FCS) for 48 h (3) NCTC 135 + 20 per cent FCS for 14 days. The used culture medium from each of these regimes was concentrated, mixed with adjuvant and injected subcutaneously into rats. Similarly treated unused culture media was used in control rats. The rats were challenged with an oral dose of 20 F hepatica metacercariae 35 days later and autopsied 96 days after the start of the experiment. The fluke burdens in those rats which had received the culture antigens did not differ significantly from those in the control groups.     

Standardization and kinetics of in vitro bovine blood lymphocyte stimulation with bovine rotavirus

Two groups of 3-month old calves were immunized intramuscularly with attenuated bovine rotavirus and boosted 21 and 42 days later. The first group of three calves were vaccinated with live virus emulsified with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) and the second group was immunized with live virus suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Three other calves, serving as controls, were inoculated with PBS emulsified with IFA. The specific cell-mediated and antibody responses of the animals were studied. Preliminary analysis of in vitro peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation to bovine rotavirus determined optimal conditions as: 96 h culture period, 5 X 10(5) cells per culture in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% heat-inactivated bovine fetal serum and the use of inactivated virus in the cell culture at a concentration of 5 X 10(6) median tissue culture infective dose before inactivation. Specific blastic stimulation was observed on calves immunized with the rotavirus emulsified with IFA after the second and third vaccine inoculation with stimulation index values varying from 2.00 to 5.73. Serum neutralizing antibody titers of 1/25,600 were also induced in the same calves. Calves immunized with rotavirus-PBS suspension developed a mean antibody titer of 1/1,600, but showed no specific lymphocyte stimulation. No increase in specific immune responses was detected in the control animals.