通过Meta回归分析日粮中添加酵母硒对蛋鸡抗氧化能力及蛋品质的影响

本文利用Meta分析方法评价在蛋鸡日粮中添加酵母硒对蛋鸡的抗氧化能力和蛋品质的影响,旨在为保障蛋鸡合理生产提供理论依据。作者整理了13篇关于平均蛋重、哈夫单位、软破壳蛋率、谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶和SOD等指标的文献,进行Meta分析。结果:日粮中添加酵母硒可以显著提高蛋鸡血浆SOD和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,并降低了0.11%的软破壳蛋率。综合得出:酵母硒可以提高蛋鸡的生产性能,改善蛋品质,生产保健蛋产品。     

日粮中添加茶多酚对产蛋鸡生产性能及抗氧化性能的影响

为了研究茶多酚对蛋鸡生产性能和抗氧化性能的影响,试验将360只56周龄海蓝灰蛋鸡随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1,2,3组分别在基础日粮中添加100,150,200 mg/kg茶多酚,测定蛋鸡生产性能和抗氧化指标。结果表明:1)日粮中添加不同剂量茶多酚对蛋鸡日采食量、产蛋率、平均蛋重均有不同程度的提高作用(P0.05);料蛋比均有所下降,但差异不显著(P0.05)。2)蛋鸡血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著提高(P0.05),丙二醛含量显著下降(P0.05)。说明日粮中添加适量的茶多酚具有促进产蛋鸡生长性能和提高抗氧化功能的作用,以150 mg/kg的添加量比较适宜。     

茶多酚和酵母硒及其互作对绿壳蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄中胆固醇和硒含量的影响

本研究旨在探讨茶多酚和酵母硒及其互作对绿壳蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄中胆固醇和硒含量的影响。试验选用810只44周龄健康绿壳蛋鸡,随机分成9个组,每组5个重复,每个重复18只鸡。采用2因素3水平试验设计,在基础饲粮中分别添加不同剂量的茶多酚和酵母硒构成试验饲粮,茶多酚设0、200、400 mg/kg 3个添加水平,酵母硒(按硒计)设0、0.25、0.50 mg/kg 3个添加水平。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加茶多酚和酵母硒均有提高平均蛋重的趋势(P>0.05),添加200、400 mg/kg茶多酚能显著提高产蛋率且显著降低料蛋比(P<0.05);2)饲粮中添加茶多酚和酵母硒对蛋黄指数、蛋黄色泽和哈氏单位均有提高的趋势(P>0.05),添加0.50 mg/kg酵母硒能显著提高蛋形指数(P<0.05),同时使蛋壳厚度显著下降(P<0.05),添加200、400 mg/kg茶多酚能显著减缓鸡蛋在贮藏过程中哈氏单位的下降(P<0.01);3)饲粮中添加200、400 mg/kg茶多酚均能显著降低蛋黄胆固醇含量(P<0.01),添加0.25、0.50 mg/kg酵母硒均能显著提高蛋黄硒含量(P<0.01);4)茶多酚和酵母硒的互作对生产性能、蛋品质及蛋黄中胆固醇和硒含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可见,在基础饲粮中采用400 mg/kg茶多酚和0.25 mg/kg酵母硒的添加组合对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质不会产生拮抗作用,并可有效生产"富硒+低胆固醇"的绿壳鸡蛋。     

芽孢杆菌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋壳品质的影响

试验研究枯草芽孢杆菌与地衣芽孢杆菌对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋壳品质的影响,结果表明蛋鸡日粮中添加芽孢杆菌可提高蛋鸡平均蛋质量(P0.05),降低破蛋率(P0.05),对蛋壳品质没有显著影响(P0.05)。蛋鸡日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌可明显改善料蛋比(P0.05)。     

酸化剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和经济效益的影响

本试验旨在研究酸化剂对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和经济效益的影响。将640只32周龄"京红1号"蛋鸡随机分为2个处理组,每个处理5个重复,每重复64只蛋鸡,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组在基础日粮上添加1.5 g/kg酸化剂,试验期49 d。结果表明:日粮中添加酸化剂可以显著降低产蛋高峰期蛋鸡的采食量和料蛋比(P0.05);日粮中添加酸化剂对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡的蛋品质无影响;1.5 g/kg酸化剂可增加产蛋高峰期蛋鸡的经济效益。由此可知,产蛋高峰期日粮中添加酸化剂能够在不改变蛋鸡蛋品质的基础上提高其产蛋性能,从而有效提高经济效益。     

低蛋白平衡日粮添加维生素D对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和鸡蛋营养成分的影响

文章旨在探究低蛋白平衡日粮添加维生素D对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和营养成分的影响。试验将1000只200日龄产蛋性能良好的海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复40只。分别设置对照组（饲喂基础日粮）、低蛋白日粮组（饲喂低蛋白日粮）、维生素D3添加组（分别向低蛋白日粮中添加1000、2000和4000 IU/kg 维生素D3）。试验为期70 d,预饲期7 d,正试期63 d。试验结果表明,与低蛋白日粮组相比,添加2000 IU/kg维生素D蛋鸡的平均蛋重、产蛋率显著提高（P <0.05）,料蛋比显著降低（P <0.05）。低蛋白日粮补充维生素D能显著提高蛋白高度、哈氏单位和蛋壳强度（P <0.05）。低蛋白日粮补充维生素D显著增加鸡蛋中粗蛋白质、钙和卵磷脂含量（P <0.05）。总之,本试验结果表明,低蛋白平衡日粮对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质有一定的负面影响,通过补充维生素D能部分提高蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质。     

微生态制剂对海兰褐蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

选取4 200只258日龄海兰褐商品蛋鸡,随机分为2组,每组2 100只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.05%微生态制剂益菌宝,试验全期共8周,观察微生态制剂对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。结果表明:在商品蛋鸡饲料中添加微生态制剂,可以改善蛋鸡的生产性能、降低不合格蛋率、提高蛋品质。     

无抗微生物发酵饲料对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质影响试验报告

无抗微生物发酵饲料对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质影响的试验表明,发酵饲料在蛋鸡日粮中以5％的添加量可以获得较好的生产性能：10％的添加量可极显著地提高蛋黄等级。该试验为提高蛋鸡的生产性能和研究饲喂无抗微生物发酵饲料对蛋品质影响提供了参考。     

维生素E对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中不同梯度维生素E添加水平对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。试验选择60周龄罗曼白壳商品蛋鸡300羽,试验随机分为5组,添加水平分别为0(对照组),30、60、120、240 mg/kg,每组6个重复,每个重复10羽鸡,预试期1周,正试期8周。结果表明:与对照组相比,蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 mg/kg的维生素E可显著提高蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能(P<0.05);与对照组相比,蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 mg/kg的维生素E可显著提高蛋壳硬度、蛋壳相对重、蛋黄相对重以及蛋黄颜色(P<0.05),蛋黄总胆固醇含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。综上所述,在蛋鸡产蛋后期日粮中添加120 mg/kg的维生素E可显著改善其产蛋性能和蛋品质。     

混合型啤酒酵母粉对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、 蛋品质和抗氧化的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加混合型啤酒酵母粉对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和抗氧化的影响。试验选择60周龄海蓝褐蛋鸡6 000只,随机分成2个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复600只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加1.5 g/kg的混合型啤酒酵母粉。预试期3周,试验期8周。研究结果表明:①与对照组相比,日粮中添加混合型啤酒酵母粉显著提高了8 wk和5～8 wk蛋鸡的产蛋率和产蛋量(P<0.05),有提高4 wk蛋鸡产蛋量的趋势(P=0.083),显著降低了4、8、5～8 wk料蛋比和8 wk蛋鸡采食量(P<0.05),显著提高了5～8 wk和1～8 wk蛋鸡的合格蛋率(P<0.05)。②与对照组相比,日粮中添加混合型啤酒酵母粉显著提高了蛋鸡蛋白高度(P<0.05),有提高蛋壳强度的趋势(P=0.083),对蛋壳厚度、蛋黄颜色、哈氏单位、蛋黄比例、蛋清比例、蛋壳比例没有显著影响(P>0.05)。③与对照组相比,日粮中添加混合型啤酒酵母粉显著降低了蛋鸡肝脏和蛋黄MDA含量(P<0.05),显著提高了蛋黄SOD活性(P<0.05),对肝脏SOD活性没有显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加混合型啤酒酵母粉能够改善蛋鸡的产蛋性能、饲料效率、蛋品质和抗氧化性能。     

Frequency of involvement of pox virions in lesions of bovine dermatophilosis

Summary By combined electron microscopical and serological methods the rate of involvement of pox virions within lesions of bovine natural dermatophilosis was determined. Scabby lesions of 40 (77%) out of a total of 52 cases were positive for the virions, while sera of all infected animals which reacted positively for pox viral antibodies (LSD) was significantly higher (P<0·001) in comparison to those of healthy-appearing animals. The virions in all cases had a uniform oval to cylindrical morphology with a mean measurement of 110 × 280 nm. A synergistic interplay involving the initiation of the scabby lesions by the virions and their subsequent trapping within keratin deposits, followed by their release through the keratolytic activity ofDermatophilus congolensis appear to have obtained in cases.

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Frecuencia Del Compromiso De Viriones Pox En Lesiones De Dermatiofilosis Bovina

Resumen Se determinó la tasa del compromiso de viriones pox, con lesiones de dermatofilosis bovina natural, mediante la combinación de microscopía electrónica y serológica. Cuarenta lesiones costrosas (77%) de un total de 52 casos fueron positivas a viriones, mientras que el suero de todos los animales infectados que reaccionaron positivamente para anticuerpos pox (LSD) fueron significativamente más altos (P<0.001) en comparación a aquellos de animales aparentemente sanos. Los viriones en todos los casos tuvieron una morfología uniforme, de oval a cilíndrica con una media de 110 × 280 nm. Se obtuvo un sinergismo recíproco que involucró la iniciación de las lesiones costrosas por los viriones, los cuales quedaron atrapados subsecuentemente en los depósitos de queratina, seguido de la liberación de los mismos a través de la acción queratolítica delDermatophilus congolensis.

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Frequence De La Participation De Virions Pox Dans Les Lesions De Dermatophilose Bovine

Résumé Par utilisation combinée de méthodes sérologiques et de microscopie électronique, on a pu déterminer la fréquence de participation de virions pox dans les lésions de dermatophilose bovine naturelle. Les lésions croûteuses de 40 (77%) cas sur 52 ont été positives pour les virions, tandis que les sérums de tous les animaux qui réagissent positivement pour les anticorps antiviraux pox (LSD) sont significativement supérieurs (P<0,001) comparés à ceux des animaux apparemment en bonne santé. Dans tous les cas, les virions ont une morphologie uniforme ovale à cylindrique, avec une taille moyenne de 110 × 280 nm. On a pu obtenir dans certains cas une interaction synergique, mettant en jeu l'initiation de lésions croûteuses par les virions et leur piégeage ultérieur dans les dépôts kératinisés, suivi de leur relargage dû à l'activité kératinolytique deDermatophilus congolensis.

     

Parasites of the stomach in donkeys of the highveld of Zimbabwe

Summary

Fourteen donkeys from a communal area of the Zimbabwean highveld were examined for stomach parasites during July and November of 1986 and January and April of 1987. All 14 animals were infected. Habronema muscae occurred in 12, Draschia megastoma in 11, H. majus in 9, Trichostrongylus axei in 9, Gasterophilus intestinalis in 14 and G. nasalis in 1 donkey. The lowest level of infection was in January for the helminthes and in April for Gasterophilus larvae. The peak burdens of parasites were in July for Habronema spp. and in November for D. megastoma and Gasterophilus larvae. Infections with spirurid worms and Gasterophilus develop mainly from the middle of the rainy season to the beginning of the dry season (Januari to May/June). G. intestinalis seems to have an annual cycle.     

A study of the pattern of staphylococcal contamination of the udders of cows in a dairy herd

Abstract

Extract

The results of the 1965–6 New Zealand national mastitis survey (Anon., 1967 Anon Ann. Rep. Res. Div. N.Z. Dept. Agric. 1966–67 1967 77 78  [Google Scholar]) indicated that β-haemolytic staphylococci were the most common bacteria isolated from the milk of dairy cows. Effective control of β-haemolytic stapyhlococci on a national scaledepends ultimately upon an understanding of population changes of this organism within the cow and within the herd.     

Evaluation of the safety of daily administration of capromorelin in cats

Capromorelin is a ghrelin receptor agonist that is FDA approved for appetite stimulation in dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of daily oral administration of capromorelin to cats over a range of doses and for an extended period. Two randomized, controlled studies were conducted: in Study 1, cats (n = 6 per group) received placebo or capromorelin at a dose of 9, 15, 30 or 60 mg/kg once daily for 14 days; and in Study 2, cats received capromorelin at 6 mg/kg (n = 8) or placebo (n = 4) once daily for 91 days. Cats were evaluated using clinical observations and clinical pathology test results for both studies, with the addition of postmortem examination in Study 1 and measurements of growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor 1 in Study 2. Abnormal clinical observations were limited to emesis, hypersalivation, lethargy/depression, head shaking and lip smacking, which occurred more frequently in the capromorelin‐treated groups than in the placebo group. There were no clinically relevant differences in clinical pathology test results between the capromorelin and placebo groups in either study.     

Effects of the ruminal comminution rate and microbial contamination of particles on accuracy of in situ estimates of ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of feedstuffs

Effects of considering the comminution rate (k_c) and the correction of microbial contamination (using ¹⁵N techniques) of particles in the rumen on estimates of ruminally undegraded fractions and their intestinal digestibility were examined generating composite samples (from rumen‐incubated residues) representative of the undegraded feed rumen outflow. The study used sunflower meal (SFM) and Italian ryegrass hay (RGH) and three rumen and duodenum cannulated wethers fed with a 40:60 RGH to concentrate diet (75 g DM/kgBW^0.75). Transit studies up to the duodenum with Yb‐SFM and Eu‐RGH marked samples showed higher k_c values (/h) in SFM than in RGH (0.577 vs. 0.0892, p = 0.034), whereas similar values occurred for the rumen passage rate (k_p). Estimates of ruminally undegraded and intestinal digestibility of all tested fractions decreased when k_c was considered and also applying microbial correction. Thus, microbial uncorrected k_p‐based proportions of intestinal digested undegraded crude protein overestimated those corrected and k_c?k_p‐based by 39% in SFM (0.146 vs. 0.105) and 761% in RGH (0.373 vs. 0.0433). Results show that both k_c and microbial contamination correction should be considered to obtain accurate in situ estimates in grasses, whereas in protein concentrates not considering k_c is an important source of error.     

Exsheathment of infective larvae of Cooperia curticei

Abstract

Extract

Although exsheathment of the infective larvae of many strongylate nematode parasites of ruminants has been studied (Rogers, 1966 Rogers, W. P. 1966. “Exsheathment and hatching mechanisms in helminths”. In Biology of Parasites, Emphasis on Veterinary Parasites, Edited by: Soulsby, E. J. L. 33–39. New York and London: Academic Press. In [Google Scholar]), that of Cooperia curticei larvae has not. By analogy with other trichostrongylid species inhabiting the small intestine, they would be expected to exsheath in response to conditions provided by the abomasum, perhaps, as with Trichostrongylus colubriformis, with a potentiating effect of bile salts in the small intestine (Mapes, 1972 Mapes, C. J. 1972. Bile and bile salts and exsheathment of the intestinal nematodes Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Nematodirus battus. Int. J. Parasit., 2: 433–438.  [Google Scholar]). It was decided to see if C. curticei larvae exsheathed as expected; no attempt was made to define precisely the conditions necessary for exsheathment but rather to establish the site at which the stimulus is received.     

Comparison of the Virulence of Various Strains of Moraxella bovis

The relative virulence of various strains of Moraxella bovis (M. bovis) was studied using the eyes of mice and cattle. The investigation consisted of three separate experiments. Experiments I and II involved a study on the effects of (1) different methods of growth and (2) serial blood agar passaging on the virulence of M. bovis. Experiment III involved a study on the relative virulence of different strains of M. bovis and M. bovis-like organisms.

Strains of M. bovis and M. bovis-like organisms varied in their pathogenicity for mice. However, different methods for preparation of exposure cultures of M. bovis did not influence the disease produced.

     

Estimation of Protein Requirements of Feedlot Steers

Feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and diet composition data were collected from a survey of finishing steer experiments (40 experiments; 347 kg average initial weight; data excluded Holstein steers). Data were analyzed by weighted (observations/mean) analyses of variance to determine effects of protein intake and implanting strategy on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Implanting strategies were defined according to prevalent or last implant type used: no implant (None); medium-potency implants (Medium): zeranol 72 mg per dose, steroid-based implants (Synovex-S or Compudose) or trenbolone acetate (TBA) alone; high-potency implants (High): TBA in combination with either steroids or zeranol. Regression procedures were utilized to estimate CP and DIP, or MP requirements. Implant effects were independent (P>0.60) of dietary protein effects and included faster (P<0.05) gains at higher intakes (P<0.05) that resulted in improved (P<0.05) feed efficiencies. Steers responded to higher dietary CP (13.3 vs 11.4%) by increasing intake (P<0.05) which resulted in faster (P<0.05) and more efficient (P=0.09) gains. Compared to nonimplanted steers, implanted steers had heavier (P<0.05) carcasses with larger (P<0.05) ribeyes and lower (P<0.05) marbling scores. Nonimplanted steers fed 13.3% CP diets had heavier (P<0.05) carcasses than nonimplanted steers fed 11.4% CP diets. Maintenance MP requirements of nonimplanted steers were greater than those of implanted steers and similar to established MP requirements. Diets of steers implanted with high-potency implants must be supplemented to contain more than 7.5 g MP/kg BW^0.75/d, especially at heavy (>450 kg) initial BW, to maximize implant response. Implanted steers have a greater ability to respond to increased dietary protein because of reduced protein requirements for maintenance.     

不同青贮玉米品种抗病性评价

对10个青贮玉米品种自然发病情况进行调查,并采用病级分类方法对抗病性分类。结果表明:对锈病表现抗性和中抗的品种有3个和5个,分别占供试品种的30%和50%;对大斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有4个和5个,分别占供试品种的40%和50%;对褐斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有6个和3个,分别占供试品种的60%和30%;对小斑病表现抗性和中抗的品种有6个和3个,分别占供试品种的60%和30%。多数品种对青贮玉米4种病害抗性表现较好,可从青贮玉米供试材料中选用优良抗病材料用于四川地区种植。     

海南岛红毛丹种质资源DNA指纹图谱构建

分别利用筛选出的多态性高、谱带清晰的8条ISSR标记和18对SRAP标记对海南岛69份红毛丹种质资源进行PCR扩增,8条ISSR引物共检测到425个多态性条带,其中品种(系)特异条带47个,平均位点多态性信息含量(PIC)值为0.928,可鉴别的种质资源数25～67份;18对SRAP引物共检测到894个多态性条带,其中品种(系)特异条带69个,平均位点多态性信息含量(PIC)值为0.936,可区分的种质资源数为17～63份。综合各项指标利用ISSR16和ISSR5引物21个条带用于构建红毛丹种质DNA指纹图谱,该图谱可有效区分69份红毛丹种质资源。同时该DNA指纹图谱还可为下一步红毛丹种质资源鉴定、利用、品种权保护和分子育种等提供了理论依据。