不同培养基对玉米自交系4112幼胚愈伤组织诱导的研究

[目的]研究不同培养基对玉米自交系4112幼胚愈伤组织诱导的影响,进一步优化玉米自交系愈伤组织诱导条件,为建立高效的玉米转基因受体系统奠定基础。[方法]用6种含有相同浓度和配比的植物激素的培养基N6、MS、NBM、NM、MB、NMB对玉米自交系4112幼胚进行组织培养,观察诱导愈伤组织的效果。[结果]6种不同培养基均能诱导出愈伤组织,但幼胚在每种培养基中产生愈伤组织的情况存在差异。N6培养基或N6复合培养基比MS培养基对玉米自交系4112幼胚愈伤组织的诱导效果更好。[结论]植物激素与培养基成分的相互作用对玉米幼胚愈伤组织的诱导也有影响。     

影响玉米幼胚愈伤组织诱导及植株再生因素的研究

玉米是世界第三大粮食作物和重要的饲料作物,也是现代食品、化学工业的重要原料。玉米的胚性愈伤组织普遍作为转基因过程中外源基因的直接受体,利用玉米幼胚进行组织培养是高效获得胚性愈伤组织的主要途径。选用抗性好、适宜本地种植的玉米自交系幼胚进行了外植体的愈伤组织诱导研究,建立了具有胚性的愈伤组织培养体系,为玉米遗传转化提供了受体材料。     

玉米转基因受体材料的筛选研究

玉米胚性愈伤组织的诱导率直接影响玉米遗传转化效率。本研究利用N6培养基诱导玉米幼胚产生胚性愈伤组织,以筛选玉米转基因受体材料。从215个玉米基因型中筛选出28个胚性愈伤组织诱导率较高的材料,其中,6个基因型的诱导率高于对照A188和Hi-II。基因型"吉V130"胚性愈伤组织诱导率最高,作为受体材料进行转基因研究中,获得了较高的转化效率。该基因型在今后玉米基因功能研究和基因工程育种中可作为重要的受体材料。     

不同基因型玉米幼胚愈伤诱导及植株再生研究

本研究通过对不同基因型的玉米幼胚进行愈伤组织诱导实验,从49份玉米自交系材料中筛选出了5个胚性愈伤组织诱导率较高的自交系,其中,K6-64,K6-39,DL283-1诱导出的Ⅱ型胚性愈伤,具有很强的长期继代能力和再生能力,适宜作为转化受体材料进行遗传转化研究。对玉米幼胚在离体培养过程中影响因素进行了研究,1.5～2.0 mg/L 2,4-D能够较好的诱导玉米幼胚产生胚性愈伤组织。一定浓度的6-BA和KT都能够较好的促进玉米愈伤组织分化。     

玉米基因型与幼胚培养胚性愈伤组织发生能力的初步研究

实验通过对不同基因型玉米胚性愈伤组织诱导能力的比较,证实了玉米胚性愈伤组织发生主要受遗传控制。并从53份玉米材料中筛选出了11个胚性愈伤组织发生率较高的基因型,为基因工程等在玉米育种中的应用奠定了基础。同时初步探索了通过杂交方式转移胚性控制基因的可行性,获得了高诱导力杂交组合48-2×18(红)。     

玉米和胡萝卜的体胚发生与蛋白质表达

[目的]研究玉米和胡萝卜体胚发生中的生理生化变化,从而为调控其体胚发生过程提供依据。[方法]研究单子叶植物代表玉米和双子叶植物代表胡萝卜体胚发生的适合培养基,并利用电泳技术对其体胚发生过程中的可溶性蛋白进行比较。[结果]培养基MS＋6-BA1.0mg/L＋2,4-D0.2mg/L＋CH500mg/L较适于玉米愈伤组织的发生;培养基B5＋2,4-D0.2mg/L＋6-BA0.2mg/L较适于胡萝卜愈伤组织的发生。玉米愈伤组织中存在活跃的蛋白表达;而胡萝卜愈伤组织中的蛋白表达水平则比下胚轴对照明显下降。二者蛋白质表达的差异可能与物种差异有关。[结论]发现了单子叶植物和双子叶植物体胚发生中蛋白质表达的规律。     

玉米成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及其影响因素研究

以玉米成熟胚为外植体,初步研究了不同基本培养基、不同生长素及其浓度对成熟胚愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明,N6培养基对玉米成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导率略高于MS培养基,而且N6培养基上诱导的愈伤组织质量好于MS培养基;培养基中所添加的生长素种类及浓度对成熟胚愈伤组织诱导有较大影响。在MS和N6培养基中添加2,4-D,诱导玉米成熟胚愈伤组织的效果优于添加NAA;中低浓度的NAA（1．O～3．Omg／L）和中高浓度的2,4-D（2．0～5．0mg／L）有利于玉米成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导。     

基因型及基本培养基对玉米成熟胚培养的影响

[目的]筛选出适宜玉米成熟胚组织培养的基因型和基本培养基。[方法]以9个基因型的玉米成熟胚为外植体,研究基因型与基本培养基对成熟胚愈伤组织诱导和继代的影响。[结果]试验中表现较好的基因型依次是853-35、853-209、丹34和81162;对于玉米成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导培养,MS培养基比N6培养基更适宜,而对于玉米成熟胚愈伤组织的继代培养,N6的培养基比MS培养基更适宜。[结论]进一步完善了以玉米成熟胚为外植体的组织培养体系。     

4种骨干玉米自交系幼胚愈伤组织诱导条件的优化

采用10种含有不同植物激素的愈伤组织诱导培养基,研究了4种骨干玉米自交系的愈伤组织诱导情况。结果表明,基因型对愈伤组织诱导率影响显著,且基因型和培养基之间存在互作;2,4-D对玉米幼胚愈伤组织的诱导是必需的,2.0～3.0mg/L的2,4-D大多能诱导出胚性愈伤组织;幼胚长为1.5～2.0mm时,玉米愈伤组织诱导率较高且质量较好;10mg/L的AgNO3可以明显提高愈伤诱导率,6-BA对愈伤组织的诱导率没有明显影响。     

玉米幼胚和成熟胚愈伤组织分化反应性比较

以鲜食玉米为主的13种基因型的成熟胚和幼胚为材料，对它们的愈伤组织诱导．继代培养和分化进行了系统研究。结果表明：玉米的成熟胚和幼胚愈伤诱导率相关，但两种胚诱导出的愈伤组织状态明显不同．幼胚诱导出的愈伤组织状态普遍比成熟胚的好；两种胚的愈伤分化率差异明显，成熟胚愈伤组织最高分化率为2．5％,幼胚愈伤组织最高分化率可达83．3％。     

作物细胞质雄性不育与肌动蛋白

本文比较了小麦、玉米及白莱的细胞质雄性不育系与保持系花药或花粉中的肌动蛋白。SDS 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果表明,保持系含有明显的肌动蛋白区带;而雄性不育系的区带不明显。将凝胶进行光密度扫描亦表明,保持系比不育系所含肌动蛋白数量多。并比较了花药或花粉中的肌动蛋白与兔骨骼肌的肌动蛋白,其电泳迁移率完全相同。     

gCap39, a calcium ion- and polyphosphoinositide-regulated actin capping protein

The polymerization of actin filaments is involved in growth, movement, and cell division. It has been shown that actin polymerization is controlled by gelsolin, whose interactions with actin are activated by calcium ion (Ca2+) and inhibited by membrane polyphosphoinositides (PPI). A smaller Ca2(+)- and PPI-regulated protein, gCap39, which has 49% sequence identity with gelsolin, has been identified by cDNA cloning and protein purification. Like gelsolin, gCap39 binds to the fast-growing (+) end of actin filaments. However, gCap39 does not sever actin filaments and can respond to Ca2+ and PPI transients independently, under conditions in which gelsolin is ineffective. The coexistence of gCap39 with gelsolin should allow precise regulation of actin assembly at the leading edge of the cell.     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Actin Gene from Rehmannia glutinosa

[Objective] The aim of this study is to clone and analyze the actin gene from Rehmannia glutinosa. [Method] Degenerate primers were designed according to the conserved regions of actin sequences of Rehmannia glutinosa and its similar species,RT-PCR was next conducted to amplify the actin gene from Rehmannia glutinosa. [Result] The amplified fragment is 724 bp and correspondingly 240 amino acids. The BLAST results indicate that the homology between the amplified fragment and other higher plants for actin gene sequences and amino acid are more than 80% and 90%,respectively,suggesting that the amplified fragment is the actin gene of Rehmannia glutinosa. [Conclusion] Phylogenetic analysis shows that the actin gene of Rehmannia glutinosa has an intimate genetic relationship with actin7 gene of Nicotiana tabacum.     

地黄肌动蛋白基因片段的克隆与序列分析

[目的]克隆与分析地黄肌动蛋白基因片段。[方法]根据与地黄相近物种肌动蛋白基因序列的保守区设计兼并引物,通过RT-PCR方法扩增地黄编码区肌动蛋白基因。[结果]扩增片段全长为724 bp,对应编码240个氨基酸。序列比对分析发现其与其他高等植物肌动蛋白基因核苷酸序列同源性在80%以上,氨基酸序列在90%以上。[结论]系统进化分析表明,扩增到的地黄肌动蛋白基因与烟草actin7基因有较近的亲缘关系。     

Nebulin and N-WASP cooperate to cause IGF-1-induced sarcomeric actin filament formation

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) induces skeletal muscle maturation and enlargement (hypertrophy). These responses require protein synthesis and myofibril formation (myofibrillogenesis). However, the signaling mechanisms of myofibrillogenesis remain obscure. We found that IGF-1-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling formed a complex of nebulin and N-WASP at the Z bands of myofibrils by interfering with glycogen synthase kinase-3β in mice. Although N-WASP is known to be an activator of the Arp2/3 complex to form branched actin filaments, the nebulin-N-WASP complex caused actin nucleation for unbranched actin filament formation from the Z bands without the Arp2/3 complex. Furthermore, N-WASP was required for IGF-1-induced muscle hypertrophy. These findings present the mechanisms of IGF-1-induced actin filament formation in myofibrillogenesis required for muscle maturation and hypertrophy and a mechanism of actin nucleation.     

地黄肌动蛋白基因片段的克隆与序列分析(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to clone and analyze the actin gene from Rehmannia glutinosa. [Method] Degenerate primers were designed according to the conserved regions of actin sequences of Rehmannia glutinosa and its similar species,RT-PCR was next conducted to amplify the actin gene from Rehmannia glutinosa. [Result] The amplified fragment is 724 bp and correspondingly 240 amino acids. The BLAST results indicate that the homology between the amplified fragment and other higher plants for actin gene sequences and amino acid are more than 80% and 90%,respectively,suggesting that the amplified fragment is the actin gene of Rehmannia glutinosa. [Conclusion] Phylogenetic analysis shows that the actin gene of Rehmannia glutinosa has an intimate genetic relationship with actin7 gene of Nicotiana tabacum.     

地黄肌动蛋白基因片段的克隆与序列分析

笔者从分子生物学基础较薄弱的药用植物地黄（Rehmannia glutinosa）中克隆分离肌动蛋白基因片段,并对所获得的地黄肌动蛋白基因序列进行分析。     

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Actin Gene from Rehmannia glutinosa

[Objective] The aim of this study is to clone and analyze the actin gene from Rehmannia glutina. [Method] Degenerate primers were de-signed according to the conserved regions of actin sequences of Rehmannia glutinosa and its similar species, RT-PCR was next conducted to amplify the ac-tin gene from Rehmannia glutinosa. [Result] The amplified fragment is 724 bp and correspondingly 240 amino acids. The BLAST results indicate that the homology between the amplified fragment and other higher plants for actin gene sequences and amino acid are more than 80% and 90%, respectively, sug-gesting that the amplified fragment is the actin gene ofRehmannia ghainosa. [Conclusion] Phylogenetic analysis shows that the actin gene of Rehmannia glutinosa has an intimate genetic relationship with actin7 gene of Nicotiana tabacum.     

淡色库蚊肌动蛋白全长基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

为阐明肌动蛋白抗药性相关机制及研制新型卫生杀虫剂奠定基础,根据库蚊抗性与敏感品系差异表达的EST片段,设计特异扩增引物,运用RACE技术从淡色库蚊抗性品系中扩增出该抗性相关基因的全长cDNA序列,分析其生物信息学特性。结果表明,获得淡色库蚊肌动蛋白基因cDNA全长1 708bp序列,其编码377个氨基酸;该基因编码的蛋白为膜蛋白,具有27个跨膜螺旋、1个信号肽切割位点、27个磷酸化位点。     

Role of formins in actin assembly: nucleation and barbed-end association

Nucleation of branched actin filaments by the Arp2/3 complex is a conserved process in eukaryotic cells, yet the source of unbranched actin filaments has remained obscure. In yeast, formins stimulate assembly of actin cables independently of Arp2/3. Here, the conserved core of formin homology domains 1 and 2 of Bni1p (Bni1pFH1FH2) was found to nucleate unbranched actin filaments in vitro. Bni1pFH2 provided the minimal region sufficient for nucleation. Unique among actin nucleators, Bni1pFH1FH2 remained associated with the growing barbed ends of filaments. This combination of properties suggests a direct role for formins in regulating nucleation and polarization of unbranched filamentous actin structures.