2种不同红细胞悬液对鸽血清抗体监测的影响

本试验分别利用鸽红细胞悬液和鸡红细胞悬液进行血凝和血凝抑制试验,检测鸽血清中的禽流感H5抗体和新城疫抗体水平,比较两者检测结果的差异。结果表明,在血凝试验中,对于无论是禽流感抗原还是新城疫抗原,鸽红细胞检测的血凝价均小于鸡红细胞检测的结果。在血凝抑制试验中,鸽红细胞检测鸽血清中的抗体水平大于鸡红细胞检测。     

不同公司ELISA试剂盒与HI法检测鸡新城疫抗体的比较

分别采用A、B、C三个公司的商品化酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)抗体检测试剂盒和血凝抑制(HI)试验方法对168份临床免疫鸡血清和标准阴阳性血清进行新城疫抗体监测方法的比对试验与研究,比较间接ELISA和血凝抑制(HI)两种试验方法的相关性。研究结果表明,A、B、C三个公司生产的商品化间接ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的检测结果与血凝抑制(HI)试验的阳性符合率分别为98%、96.7%、90.2%;阴性符合率分别为86.7%、80%、86.7%;阴阳性总体符合率分别为97%、95.2%、89.9%;A、B、C三个公司的ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的检测时间分别为2.5、3、3h。产品价格分别为1100、800、700元。比较发现,间接ELISA方法是一种快速、敏感、特异的血清学诊断方法,不同公司生产的商品化ELISA抗体检测试剂盒在敏感性、特异性和检测时间上均存在较大的差异,综合分析,B公司生产的商品化酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)抗体检测试剂盒成本较低,敏感性较高,可以用于临床样本的大规模检测。     

新城疫诊断试剂盒的研制及初步应用

根据新城疫病毒(NDV)对鸡红细胞的凝集以及相应抗体对病毒血凝的抑制的原理设计出新城疫抗体监测试剂盒，主要用于鸡新城疫抗体水平的监测，为正确实施新城疫疫苗适时接种提供依据。试剂盒包括新城疫阳性血清、新城疫阴性血清、4单位新城疫抗原和10ml／L醛化红细胞。经对50多份血清检测结果表明，用于血凝(HA)和血凝抑制(HI)试验的醛化红细胞与新鲜红细胞无显著性差异(P＞0．05)，并能准确检测出鸡群新城疫抗体水平，具有操作简便、适用、易于保存等特点。     

鸽新城疫病毒分离株的部分生物学特性鉴定及疫苗免疫试验

从暴发疑似鸽新城疫的某赛鸽场分离到1株病毒，通过血凝（HA)试验、血凝抑制（HI）试验及鸡胚中和试验初步鉴定为鸽新城疫病毒，进而进行了鸡胚半数感染量（EID50）、鸡胚平均死亡时间（MDT）测定和对不同动物红细胞的凝集试验，证明该分离株属新城疫强毒力毒株，将该毒株经鸡胚尿囊液增殖后用甲醛灭活，制成油佐剂来活苗，对鸽免疫后检测其血清抗体水平并进行攻毒试验，结果在免疫后21d抗体达到高峰，攻毒试验表明油佐剂灭活苗对鸽新城疫病毒感染有较强的保护力。     

三种试剂盒检测猪O型口蹄疫抗体的比较

应用两种ELISA试剂盒和一种正向间接血凝试剂盒对125份免疫猪血清进行了口蹄疫抗体水平测定,并对三种试剂盒测定结果的符合程度、及其各自的重复性进行了分析。试验结果表明三种试剂盒测得的抗体水平之间有较好的一致性,但两种ELISA试剂盒检测结果之间的一致性要略高于正向间接血凝与两种ELISA试剂盒之间的一致性;三种试剂盒各自的检测结果重复性良好。     

鸽新城疫的诊断

安徽省合肥市某美国王鸽养殖场暴发一起鸽急性传染病，死亡率达７９．９％。经病理检查，人工复病、病毒分离、血凝（ＨＡ）试验和血凝抑制（ＨＡ）试验检测。结果，复制出与自然发病相同的病例，分离出鸽新城疫毒株．ＨＡ试验滴度达１：２５６，ＨＩ试验测得新城疫抗体效价大于Ｌｏｇ２４。表明该场是鸽副粘病毒病（鸽新城疫）感染。     

鸽新城疫的诊断

安徽省合肥市某美国王鸽养殖场暴发一起鸽急性传染病，死亡率达７９．９％。经病理检查，人工复病、病毒分离、血凝（ＨＡ）试验和血凝抑制（ＨＡ）试验检测。结果，复制出与自然发病相同的病例，分离出鸽新城疫毒株，ＨＡ试验滴度达１∶２５６，ＨＩ试验测得新城疫抗体效价大于Ｌｏｇ２４。表明该场是鸽副粘病毒病（鸽新城疫）感染。     

三种试剂盒检测猪口蹄疫O型抗体的对比试验

使用三种猪口蹄疫O型抗体检测试剂盒分别检测接种猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗和猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗的免疫抗体,以探讨三种抗体检测试剂盒的相关性。结果发现,猪口蹄疫病毒VP1结构蛋白抗体ELISA试剂盒和猪口蹄疫O型液相阻断ELISA试剂盒都可检测猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗,两种试剂盒的相关性达90.8%,而间接血凝试剂盒不能用来检测猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗;猪口蹄疫O型液相阻断ELISA试剂盒和间接血凝试剂盒可用来检测猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗,两种试剂盒的相关性达93.7%,而猪口蹄疫病毒VP1结构蛋白抗体ELISA试剂盒不能用来检测猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗。     

广西某鸽场乳鸽新城疫母源抗体消长情况分析

本试验采集母鸽、5日龄乳鸽、10日龄乳鸽、15日龄乳鸽血清,通过血凝抑制试验对血清新城疫抗体进行检测,探索乳鸽新城疫母源抗体的消长规律。结果表明,乳鸽的母源抗体在5日龄开始下降,10日龄还可以达到4 log2,而15日龄大部分乳鸽的母源抗体已经消失,不再产生任何保护作用。本研究为制定适合本鸽场的新城疫免疫程序提供了依据。     

黄芪多糖对鸽新城疫母源抗体及日增重的影响

为了研究黄芪多糖(APS)不同添加量对鸽新城疫血凝抑制(HI)抗体和日增重的影响,试验将白羽王种鸽600对平均分为3组,每组200对,Ⅰ组在饮水中只均添加APS 3 mg/d,Ⅱ组只均添加APS 5 mg/d,对照组不添加APS,连续饮水5 d,间隔10 d后再次进行同样处理。在试验第1,5,10,15,20,25天测定鸽新城疫HI抗体和日增重。结果表明:各阶段鸽新城疫HI抗体和日增重均为Ⅱ组Ⅰ组对照组,其中Ⅱ组显著或极显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。说明饮水中添加APS可以提高鸽新城疫HI抗体水平、日增重、整齐度,进而提高鸽出栏率,以5 mg/d为最佳添加量。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.