多重实时荧光PCR TaqMan-MGB杂交探针标记法快速鉴定转基因玉米MIR162

为对转基因玉米MIR162的进口实行监测、规范转基因玉米在国内市场中的流通,建立一种转基因玉米MIR162准确快速的检测方法,通过设计转基因玉米MIR162品系特异性序列的引物和探针,摸索和优化多重荧光PCR体系和参数,开发建立多重实时荧光PCR TaqMan-MGB杂交探针标记法快速鉴定转基因玉米MIR162。结果表明,转基因玉米MIR162品系标准品和平行样品中内标基因和品系特异性基因均出现明显扩增曲线,其他转基因玉米品系标准品仅内标基因有扩增曲线,空白对照无扩增曲线,说明该TaqMan-MGB探针对转基因玉米MIR162品系具有扩增特异性。该方法可作为鉴定筛查转基因玉米MIR162品系及其转化体成分的有效方法,用于规范管理转基因产品在市场上的流通。     

转基因玉米转化体特异性寡核苷酸芯片测试方法的研制

根据7种转基因玉米Bt11、Bt176、Mon810、Mon863、TC1507、GA21和NK603的重组DNA结构,利用Primer premier 5.0引物设计软件分别设计转化体特异性引物,优化PCR反应条件,对引物特异性及灵敏度进行验证。结果表明,所设计引物特异性强,灵敏度达0.1%。在植物基因组与外源基因的连接区域,利用Primer premier 5.0和Oligo 6.0软件分别设计和筛选7种转基因玉米40mer oligo转化体特异性探针,制备转基因玉米的寡核苷酸芯片,并对芯片检测的特异性、重复性及检测灵敏度进行检验。证明所设计探针特异性强,灵敏度达0.01%。与PCR检测方法相比,基因芯片检测法灵敏度高、特异性强,可有效检测及鉴定多种转基因玉米,大大提高检测的准确率和效率。     

以实时荧光定量PCR技术检测转基因玉米MON88017

根据转基因玉米MON88017的左侧侧翼序列和玉米内标基因(zSSIIb)分别设计特异性引物及Taqman探针,通过实时荧光PCR技术建立MON88017的定量特异性检测方法。利用含有内标基因和侧翼序列的标准质粒分子,建立了玉米内标基因和侧翼序列的标准曲线。检测了5个已知MON88017含量(0.01%、0.05%、0.10%、0.50%、1.00%)的混合样品中的转基因含量,结果表明检测底限可以达到19~30个阳性拷贝。该研究建立的实时荧光定量PCR技术灵敏度高、特异性强。     

定量PCR技术检测转基因玉米的研究

以Bt176转基因玉米为材料,通过使用特异性引物和染料,对转基因玉米中外源基因cry1Ab进行了定量检测。研究发现,在优化检测体系的基础上,SYBR荧光染料法定量检测转基因玉米,具有更高的检测灵敏度和精确度,其检测阈值可降到0.05%,变异系数为0.09%~0.53%。     

双重荧光定量PCR杂交探针标记法快速鉴定转基因玉米MON89034

本研究创建一种简单快捷、成本低廉、灵敏准确及可靠性强的高通量鉴定转基因玉米MON89034转化体的快速检测方法。采用多重实时荧光聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)对转基因玉米MON89034品系进行检测,并针对转基因玉米MON89034靶标基因设计高效稳定的引物和探针,使用zSSIIb基因作为内源基因,避免检测出现假阴性,将反应体系及条件优化后,用实时荧光定量PCR仪进行扩增,初步建立转基因玉米MON89034双重实时荧光PCR检测方法,通过对该方法进行特异性和大样本可靠性测试验证,继而创建出一种高通量鉴定转基因玉米MON89034转化体的检测方法。通过建立的双重荧光定量PCR方法对转基因玉米、非转基因玉米和转基因大豆的DNA混合模板检测得出的结果表明,多种作物DNA混合模板可在单根PCR反应管内实现对zSSIIb基因和MON89034的同时检测,并在2 h内完成检测得到准确结果。目前,建立的该双重实时荧光PCR方法可用于多个转基因作物样品间快速筛查,检测快速,结果准确,可满足大多数检测机构日常检测的需求。     

转基因玉米LAMP检测体系的建立及应用

以转基因抗虫和耐除草剂玉米Bt11为研究材料,建立Bt11环状等温扩增快速检测技术方法.利用一种具有链置换活性的Bst DNA聚合酶,针对Bt11中玉米基因组与外源基因结合处序列,设计4条特异引物,并对反应温度、时间、灵敏度、结果判断方法等参数进行初步探索.结果显示,LAMP检测方法最适反应温度及反应时间分别为65℃和60 min,其灵敏度为常规定性PCR的20倍.LAMP技术检测转基因玉米品系Bt11具有特异性高、快速、简便等优点,具有广阔的应用前景.     

转基因玉米MON88017旁侧序列分析及定性PCR检测

采用基因组步移法和巢式PCR方法研究转基因玉米MON88017外源基因插入位点旁侧序列特征,获得了外源基因插入位点的左边界旁侧序列504bp,包括336bp的插入载体序列和168bp的玉米基因组序列。根据此旁侧序列,设计MON88017转化事件特异性引物并进行定性PCR扩增,扩增片段为446bp,建立了转基因玉米MON88017转化体特异性检测方法。该方法特异性强、灵敏度高(0.1%),为转基因玉米品种MON88017进出口检测和标识检测提供了技术基础。     

转基因抗虫玉米的定量检测

建立高效、快速、准确的抗虫转基因玉米MIR162转化体特异性实时荧光PCR(real-time PCR)检测方法。采用SYBR Green I和Taqman探针2种定量方法对抗虫转基因玉米MIR162进行了检测研究。SYBR Green I法MIR162转化体特异性片段和内标基因zSSIIb的熔解曲线均表现为单一峰,扩增特异性强;二者的扩增效率均在90%~100%之间,标准曲线相关系数R2均大于0.998。2种定量方法的检测限(LOD)均为24个拷贝,定量限(LOQ)为48个拷贝,灵敏度较高。重复测试结果表明,SYBR Green I法的标准偏差(SD)变化范围为0.05~0.13,相对标准偏差(RSD)范围为0.17%~0.40%,Taqman探针法的SD变化范围为0.03~0.14,RSD范围为0.11%~0.44%,说明2种定量检测方法具有良好的重复性和精密度。对MIR162含量为3%、1%和0.5%的混合样品的定量结果为：3.13%、1.09%、0.53%（SYBR Green I法）和3.07%、1.02%、0.50%（Taqman探针法）,RSD均小于10%,T检验分析表明2种定量方法定值结果差异不显著。本研究建立的2种实时荧光定量PCR均可有效对转基因玉米MIR162进行定量检测,可根据不同实际需求及实验室条件进行选择相应的检测方法。     

转Bt毒蛋白基因玉米的研究进展

此文首先回顾了国内外抗虫转基因玉米研究发展历程,归纳总结了转Bt毒蛋白基因玉米的常用转化方法和转基因玉米转化体的鉴定方法,对转Bt毒蛋白基因玉米后续实验的抗虫性分析鉴定及遗传稳定性评价与利用也进行了介绍。进而探讨了Bt毒蛋白基因在玉米遗传转化上善待解决的问题以及未来的发展方向。认为应加大力度对瓶颈技术进行深入研究,以期转Bt毒蛋白基因玉米能够获得更好的发展。     

转基因玉米MIR162转化事件特异性检测方法及其标准化

转基因玉米MIR162是美国先正达公司开发出来的新型抗鳞翅目昆虫的转基因玉米品种。本研究目的在于建立该品系转化事件特异性定性、定量检测方法并形成定性检测国家标准。定性PCR体系经实验室内部比对及实验室间循环验证结果表明,该体系特异性强,灵敏度较高(0.1%),具有良好的重复性、再现性。Taqman探针实时荧光PCR检测结果表明,所设计的探针特异性强,检测低限(LOD)在0.01%以下;定量标准曲线R²均为0.999,扩增效率为98.622%和99.602%,SD范围为0.014~0.209,RSD的范围为0.049%~0.879%,稳定性好;对转基因含量为1.0%、0.5%、0.1%的样品定量结果相对偏差在8%以内,结果较为准确。本研究建立的方法完全可用于含转基因玉米MIR162成分样品的检测。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Variation in forage grasses as hosts of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne naasi (Franklin) and selection for resistance in ryegrass

Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes.     

Current and future strategies in breeding lentil for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...