壳寡糖对烟草花叶病毒的抑制作用及其对烟草酶活性的影响

以壳寡糖喷施处理感染烟草花叶病毒的心叶烟和普通烟NC89,结果表明壳寡糖对烟草具有一定的体外保护作用。利用浓度为40μg/ml壳寡糖对烟草进行处理,以接种烟草花叶病毒前10d喷施的处理效果最好,对心叶烟的枯斑抑制率为78.0%;对普通烟NC89的防治效果为32.4%,均与药剂对照好普相当。而在病毒侵染植株的前4d内喷洒,对植株几乎没有防护作用。以壳寡糖处理烟叶,可提高其叶片中苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶4种防御酶的活性,以及可溶性蛋白的含量。     

壳寡糖希夫碱金属配合物的合成及其对烟草花叶病毒的抑制活性

以壳寡糖为原料,与取代水杨醛反应先生成壳寡糖希夫碱后再接枝金属离子,合成了18个壳寡糖希夫碱的金属配合物,其化学结构经紫外吸收(UV)、红外光谱(IR)、元素分析或电感耦合等离子体(ICP)分析确认。初步的生物活性测定结果表明,该类化合物在100 μ g/mL下具有良好的诱导烟草抗烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的作用,其中 5m 在预防作用中的抑制率高达78.86%。     

新型4(3H)-喹唑啉酮席夫碱衍生物的合成及抗烟草花叶病毒活性（英文）

合成了一系列含席夫碱的4(3H)-喹唑啉酮衍生物,并采用半叶枯斑法测试了目标化合物抗烟草花叶病毒活性。结果表明:目标化合物在500μg/m L下对烟草花叶病毒的治疗活性为40.4%~53.1%,保护活性为51.2%~72.6%,钝化活性为46.0%~90.7%,其中,化合物3d的保护活性较好,有效抑制中浓度(EC_(50))值为203.89μg/m L,略优于商业化抗病毒剂宁南霉素(EC50值214.90μg/m L)。初步构效关系结果表明:在苯环的R~1及R~2位上引入吸电子基团有利于活性的提高。本研究结果表明,含席夫碱的4(3H)-喹唑啉酮衍生物能较好地控制烟草花叶病毒。     

枯草芽孢杆菌Tpb55抗烟草普通花叶病毒活性研究

利用三生-NN烟测定Tpb55菌悬液对烟草普通花叶病毒(TMV)钝化、预防和治疗作用结果表明,Tpb55菌悬液对TMV具有较好的钝化、预防和治疗效果,枯斑抑制率分别为96.15%、79.72%和65.71%。为进一步揭示Tpb55抗毒机理,选用易感TMV烟草品种K326为实验材料,研究以Tpb55对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)进行预防和治疗处理,测定烟草中与抗病毒性相关的部分生理生化指标的变化。结果表明,先用Tpb55菌液再接种毒液处理的烟株,对TMV的抑制作用优于先接种毒液再接种菌悬液处理,说明Tpb55对TMV的预防具有积极效果;不论在烟株接种毒液前或后,用Tpb55菌液处理烟株的叶片与只接种毒液的相比,叶片内过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性均显著提高,以接毒前Tpb55菌液处理的烟株活性水平最高。从本试验结果来看,Tpb55具较强的抗TMV活性,可通过直接接触钝化作用及诱导烟草抗病性提高来抑制TMV侵染。     

海带多糖对烟草花叶病毒的抑制作用及其对烟草酶活性的影响

为明确海带多糖抗病毒剂对烟草抗烟草花叶病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV）病的诱导抗性及其对TMV感染后的保护作用,采用间接酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）研究0.5 mg/mL海带多糖水剂、0.5 mg/mL香菇多糖水剂、6.25 mg/L氨基寡糖素水剂和0.1 mg/mL盐酸吗啉胍.铜可湿性粉剂对TMV侵染的预防保护作用和对TMV感染植株的治疗作用,并检测施用海带多糖后烟草体内过氧化物酶（POD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化和海带多糖对感染TMV后烟草叶绿素含量的影响。接种前喷施0.5 mg/mL海带多糖后,再接种TMV病毒,其抑制率可达42.42%,与喷施6.25 mg/L氨基寡糖素抑制率44.96%的效果相当,预防保护作用较好;但两种药剂处理感病植株的治疗效果较差,其抑制率仅分别为38.93%和40.13%。海带多糖能够系统地诱导烟草体内POD、PAL及SOD活性,从而控制了感染TMV后烟草叶绿素含量下降。说明海带多糖可诱导植物产生抗病性。     

磷酸氢二钾诱导烟草抗花叶病毒作用的研究

磷酸氢二钾(K2HPO4)喷雾处理烟草叶片,可诱导烟草获得对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的抗性。用不同浓度的K2HPO4溶液处理心叶烟Nicotiana glutinosa,以测定其抑制病斑的最佳浓度,并测定烟草N.tabacum品种K326体内防御酶系的变化。结果表明,K2HPO4浓度为40mmol/L,对病斑的抑制效果最好,抑制率达到38.39%。K2HPO4在心叶烟上的防效在诱导处理后7d达到最佳。K2HPO4处理可导致烟草品种K326叶片的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性不同程度的提高,表明K2HPO4可诱导烟草对TMV的抗性,提高烟草的免疫能力。     

壳寡糖诱导对烟草体内TMV-CP基因表达的抑制作用

 采用实时荧光定量PCR方法, 研究了壳寡糖诱导对烟草体内TMV-CP基因表达量的影响。结果表明, 壳寡糖诱导后烟草表达了对TMV侵染的系统获得抗病性, 植株显症推迟4~7 d, 症状减轻, 平均严重度比对照降低了82.9%。同时烟草叶片中CP基因的表达量显著降低。壳寡糖诱导处理的植株在接种病毒时(0 h), CP基因的表达量(拷贝数/2μL)为0.918, 接种后168 h增加到167.730。而在不诱导对照植株内, CP基因的表达量在0 h为1.218, 接种后168 h猛增到648.623。换言之, 不处理对照的表达量在此期间增长了532.53倍, 而壳寡糖诱导处理植株中仅增长了182.71倍。试验证明壳寡糖诱导的系统获得抗病性强烈抑制了烟草体内TMV-CP基因的表达。     

抑制烟草花叶病毒(TMV)植物提取物的筛选

为开发新型植物源抗病毒剂,以抗烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)活性为指标,利用半叶枯斑法对13种常见中草药进行了抗病毒活性筛选,并对筛选到的中草药进行了抗病机理的研究。结果表明:马蓝、玉簪、鸦胆子、白薇和苦木5种中草药的30μg/mL醇提取物抗TMV活性较好,抑制率均达70.44%以上,且高于8%宁南霉素水剂1 000倍液的抗病毒活性,其中马蓝醇提取物抗病毒活性最佳,抑制率可达90.70%。对马蓝醇提取物防治烟草花叶病毒机理的研究发现,0.5μg/mL马蓝醇提取物能够保护TMV侵染的烟草原生质体细胞形态完整;经马蓝醇提取物处理后,烟草的苯丙氨酸解氨酶和过氧化物酶活性比清水对照组明显提高;20~50μg/mL浓度的马蓝醇提取物能明显抑制TMV病毒外壳蛋白的表达。推测马蓝醇提取物可能是通过保护植物细胞而起到抗病毒作用,可进一步开发为植物源抗病毒剂。     

丁香酚对烟草抗烟草花叶病毒的诱导作用初探

为探讨植物源化合物丁香酚对烟草抗烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的诱导作用,初步研究了丁香酚对接种TMV的烟草叶片中叶绿素和丙二醛(MDA)含量,防御酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性,以及病程相关蛋白基因 PR-1 、PR-3 、PR-5 表达的影响。结果表明:丁香酚处理可促进叶绿素的合成,减轻烟草体内MDA的积累,提高PAL、POD和SOD的活性,增强 PR-1 、PR-3 、PR-5 基因的表达。表明丁香酚可提高植物的诱导抗病性,进而减轻TMV对烟草的危害。     

壳寡糖和钕复合处理诱导黄瓜对枯萎病的抗性

以"津研四号"黄瓜为试材,研究了壳寡糖和钕Nd3+对黄瓜幼苗的诱导抗病性及对枯萎病的防治效果。结果表明,50 mg/L壳寡糖和10 mg/L Nd3+复合处理的相对防效达74.7%,比50 mg/L壳寡糖和10 mg/L Nd3+的单独处理分别提高22.0%和43.8%。分析比较壳寡糖和Nd3+单独和复合处理黄瓜幼苗后,黄瓜根部防御反应相关酶系苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)比活性的变化趋势,发现壳寡糖和Nd3+复合处理黄瓜植株根部PAL、POD、PPO和GLU等防御酶活性呈上升趋势。研究表明,壳寡糖和Nd3+复合处理能诱导黄瓜幼苗对枯萎病的抗性,且诱导黄瓜抗病性的产生与激活黄瓜相关防御酶的活性有关。     

Induction of antiviral resistance and stimulary effect by oligochitosan in tobacco

Oligochitosan was applied by spraying it on tobacco leaves for inhibition of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The maximum inhibition of TMV by oligochitosan was observed when inoculation occurred at 24 h after spraying 50 μg ml⁻¹ oligochitosan. The production of H₂O₂ and NO in epidermal tobacco cells induced by oligochitosan was investigated by epidermal strip bioassay and LSCM, using cell permeable fluorophore diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2D) and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (H₂DCF-DA), respectively. Epidermal tobacco cells treated with oligochitosan resulted in a strong increase of intracellular NO and H₂O₂. Oligochitosan and NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced the defense reaction against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. Co-treatment of the tobacco cells with oligochitosan and NO scavenger CPTIO blocked the inducing resistance. The results indicated that the defense response induced by oligochitosan was connected with NO pathway.     

Control of Tobacco mosaic virus by PopW as a result of induced resistance in tobacco under greenhouse and field conditions

In a previous study, we isolated a new harpin protein, PopW, from the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum ZJ3721 that can induce a hypersensitive response in tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, leaves. In the current study, we demonstrate that, in a greenhouse experiment, PopW induced tobacco-acquired resistance against the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) with a biocontrol efficacy of 80.9 to 97.4% at a concentration as low as 25 μg/ml in both PopW-treated and neighboring leaves. The resistance induced by PopW is systemic acquired resistance mediated by salicylic acid, which was certified by the development of resistance being accompanied by the expression of the pathogenesis-related-1 gene (PR1) 8 h after PopW was sprayed onto the tobacco leaves. In addition, hydrogen peroxide began to accumulate 10 h after PopW spraying, peaking at 24 h with a maximum concentration of 1.97 μM/g fresh weight. The activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (EC4.3.1.5), polyphenoloxidase (EC1.14.18.1), and peroxidase (EC1.11.1.7) also increased, peaking at different times in the PopW-treated tobacco leaves. PopW also reduced the level of TMV disease in field trials with a biocontrol efficacy of 45.2%. Furthermore, PopW both increased tobacco yield (by 30.4 more than in control plants) and improved tobacco foliar quality, with an increase of 50.2% in the number of first-class tobacco leaves from treated compared with untreated plants. All of these results indicate that the new harpin protein PopW has the potential to be an effective biocontrol agent against TMV in tobacco.     

植物源病毒抑制剂VFB诱导烟草抗烟草花叶病毒机理的初步研究

 为揭示植物源病毒抑制剂VFB的抗病毒机理,本研究以VFB对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)进行预防和治疗处理,测定了烟草中与抗病毒性相关的部分生理生化指标的变化。结果表明:VFB的2种处理方式均可使普通烟体内的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、总酚及类黄酮含量升高,使普通烟体内苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性增强,预防处理优于治疗处理。可见,VFB可诱导植物产生抗病性,增强烟草对TMV侵染的抵抗力。     

Glucosylation of Salicylic Acid in Nicotiana tabacum Cv. Xanthi-nc

ABSTRACT Salicylic acid (SA) is a key regulatory component of disease resistance in plants. In tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-inoculated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc NN genotype), newly synthesized SA is converted primarily to SA 2-O-beta-D-glucoside (SAG) and glucosyl salicylate (GS), a relatively minor metabolite. Similar patterns in the formation of GS and SAG were observed in tobacco inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, suggesting the accumulation of two glucosylated metabolites is a general phenomenon in tobacco plants. After SA infiltration, GS was synthesized rapidly, reached a maximal level at 6 h, declined, and remained relatively constant for at least 24 h. In contrast, SAG content increased gradually after SA treatment. Our in vitro and in vivo data suggest that a high concentration of free SA triggers transient formation of GS and continuous accumulation of SAG, which is a more stable metabolite of SA. The two distinct SA glucosyltransferases catalyzed the formation of GS and SAG, respectively. The activities of these enzymes were enhanced by TMV or P. syringae pv. phaseolicola inoculation or SA treatment and were found in different fractions of gel filtration chromatography.     

Genetic aspects of polyacrylic-acid-induced resistance to tobacco mosaic virus and tobacco necrosis virus in Nicotiana plants

Among the Nicotiana tabacum cultivars and hybrids tested, polyacrylic acid (PAA) only induced resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) in the cultivars Xanthi-nc (NN) and Xanthi (nn) respectively. This varietal response to the PAA treatment could be sexually transmitted. The complete genetic analysis of the inheritance of the PAA response is reported for the first time, demonstrating that the response is a dominant character with a Mendelian segregation which occurs independently of either the N gene responsible for resistance to TMV or the PRb-protein genes. Possible relationships between the N gene, the gene for the PAA response and the PRb genes are discussed.     

一种细菌蛋白CZ控制烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的作用机理初探

以活性蛋白CZ处理NC89烟(Nicotianatabacumvar.NC89)12 h后,摩擦接种TMV,1、5、8、12、16 d分别取各处理叶片测过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)和叶绿素的含量。结果表明,POD和PAL2种酶的活性均比对照明显提高;CZ处理使NC89烟叶片内MDA的含量降低,而叶绿素的含量增高。电镜下观察到活性蛋白能打破TMV粒体的规则排列,与TMV粒体不可逆的结合,从而降低侵染力。     

Virus-specific expression of systemic acquired resistance in tobacco mosaic virus- and tobacco necrosis virus-infected ‘Samsun NN’ and ‘Samsun’ tobacco

Systemic acquired resistance induced in intact ‘Samsun NN’ tobacco plants by either tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) or tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) was more effective against challenge inoculation with the same than with the other of the two viruses. However, in trimmed ‘Samsun NN’ plants resistance induced by either of these viruses was stronger against TMV than against TNV. In intact ‘Samsun’ tobacco plants TNV induced a systemic resistance against itself identical to the one expressed in ‘Samsun NN’. Moreover, it induced systemic resistance against TMV as based on a decrease in TMV content in challeng-inoculated leaves. These observations indicate that systemic acquired resistance is not limited to combinations in which both inducing and challenging virus give rise to a hypersensitive reaction, and further point to virus-specific factors regulating the extent of resistance expressed.