暖温带幼林树轮宽度气候变化响应分析--以山东蒙山黑松树轮气候研究为例

根据采自山东蒙山地区两组幼龄黑松树木年轮样本,研制出单点和区域树轮宽度年表,分析了蒙山黑松树轮宽度年表的统计参数和径向生长的气候限制因子,并尝试重建相关密切的气候因子,探讨蒙山黑松径向生长与大范围气候变化的关联。研究结果表明,（1）蒙山黑松树轮宽度年表的统计参数都比较高,说明蒙山黑松树轮宽窄变化包含有较多的气候环境变化信息。（2）蒙山黑松径向生长变化与当年4-9月降水量呈显著正相关。同时,当年5-7月异常高温也对蒙山黑松径向生长变化产生显著抑制。通过黑松树轮宽度年表对4-9月降水量的模拟重建结果表明蒙山黑松具有较大树轮气候研究潜力。（3）蒙山黑松树轮宽度生长与太平洋大范围气候波动存在显著关联。     

基于nrDNA ITS序列分析蒙山鹅耳枥与鹅耳枥亲缘关系

以采自蒙山的蒙山鹅耳枥和鹅耳枥各5株为试材,进行核糖体DNA(nrDNA)内转录间隔区(ITS)序列检测,并将ITS序列导入NCBI数据库比对,分析蒙山鹅耳枥和鹅耳枥亲缘关系。结果显示:1)蒙山鹅耳枥和鹅耳枥ITS序列高度相似,601个碱基序列中只有1个碱基差别。2)蒙山鹅耳枥ITS序列与NCBI数据库中Carpinus sp.Wen 9187(编号EJ011711729.1)序列相似度为100%,与同属近缘种鹅耳枥序列相似度为99%。结论:1)蒙山鹅耳枥是独立物种。2)蒙山鹅耳枥不再属于山东特有物种,分布区除蒙山外韩国也可见其分布。     

山东泰山、蒙山地区湖北海棠花果性状变异的研究

在对山东泰山、蒙山地区湖北海棠居群进行详细调查的基础上,依据花、果性状对2个地区的湖北海棠的表型变异进行了研究.结果表明:湖北海棠花、果性状在泰山、蒙山2个地区均出现了较明显的分化,两地分布的湖北海棠即泰山湖北海棠和平邑甜茶应为长期适应当地生境而形成的不同生态型.     

云蒙山，大榆树的功能

在北京密云县云蒙山自然风景区有一棵大榆树。凡是来到这里游览过的人都要在这棵大榆树下集散,因为这棵大榆树有着特殊的功能。这棵大榆树生长在距云蒙山自然风景区管理处2.5公里,也就是曾经居住着十几户人家的小自然村的街中心已有三百多年的树龄,不知何年与何人命名这棵大榆树为“娘娘榆”。如今“娘娘榆”己成为游览云蒙山大自然风景区的活动中心。俗话说:大树底下好乘凉。可这棵“大榆树”说奇也不奇,说古也不古,但自从云蒙山森林辟为游览胜地以来,确有了它特殊的功能,所以凡来游览云蒙山的人,对这棵大榆树都留下深刻的印象,摄下照片作…     

蒙顶茶山游

“扬子江中水,蒙山顶上茶”说的是蒙山茶做为唐、宋、明、清的贡茶在中国茶叶史上独享的盛誉。 蒙山距成都120公里,距名山县城13公里,其主峰高1440米,因多雨露而得名。据《九洲记》所载:“蒙者沐也,言雨露,常蒙也。”雅安一带地处西蜀。正当太平洋暖湿气流西伸之屏障,云多雾盛,雨日、雨量均多,故有“雅安天漏,中心蒙山”之说。蒙顶山不仅以蒙茶名扬四海,而且以秀雅     

蒙山红金银花的特点及观赏应用技术

蒙山红金银花为蒙山自然野生变异型品种 ,是集药用、观赏、水土保持于一体的特异型品种。蒙山红金银花生长量大 ,叶久寒而不落 ,花呈五色 ,香味浓郁 ,是有待开发利用的珍稀园林观赏品种。1　蒙山红金银花的特点(1)花量大、花色多。新抽枝蔓每叶均着两个花针 ,花针小时呈紫红色 ,随着生长渐呈深红色、红色 ,开花后呈红、粉、黄、白各色。(2 )花期长。初花期从 5月上中旬 (平邑蒙山 )开始 ,可持续 2 0余天 ;而 7月中、下旬至 10月中下旬又持续成蕾开花 ,霜降后仍可见花 ,花期之长是一般木本花卉无可比拟的 ,故有“四季金银花”之称。(3)香气浓…     

蒙山红金银花的特点及观赏应用

蒙山红金银花为蒙山自然野生变异型品种 ,是集药用、观赏、水土保持于一体的特异型品种。特别是它的园林观赏价值极高。蒙山红金银花生长量大 ,叶久寒而不落 ,花呈五色 ,香味浓郁。为有待开发利用的园林观赏品种。1　蒙山红金银花的特点1.1　花量大 ,花色多。新抽枝蔓每叶均着两个花针 ,花针小时呈紫红色 ,随着生长渐呈深红色、红色 ,开花后呈红、粉、黄、白各色。1.2　花期长。初花期在 5月上中旬 (平邑蒙山 ) ,花期持续 2 0余天 ,7月中、下旬以后 ,至 10月中下旬可持续成蕾开花。霜降后仍可见花 ,有“四季金银花”之称。1.3　香气浓。其挥…     

烟雨蒙山——山东省蒙国家森林公园纪游

蒙山的雨,是花香浸润过的雨,蒙山的风,是花香浸润过的风,烟雨隐没了万壑的耸峻。雨旋打着树上的花,拂着岩石上的草,使山林的颜色更加纯净。我沐着春雨,举伞向远方信步而上。山路修葺的规整精致,一石一阶,一桥一柱,无不蜿蜒逶迤,有力地削减了山崖的陡势。沿着台阶,行至穹形的玉带桥上,依偎俯瞰着脚下的深涧,     

蒙山科研组的活动情况

遵照毛主席“阶级斗争、生产斗争和科学实验,是建设社会主义强大国家的三项伟大革命运动”的指示,贯彻地区农林科技会议精神,根据地区农林局确定恢复蒙山科研组的指示,蒙山科研组于九月十四——十八日在反帝林场召开了青山、反帝、工农、蒙山、红旗、东风、四开山、跃进、老虎山等九个林场的技术员和工人会议(每场2人),会期五     

小紫珠生物学特性及育苗技术

小紫珠又名白棠子,马鞭草科紫珠属.山东省泰山、徂徕山、蒙山等地均有野生分布,为园林绿化中优良的野生观果树种之一.目前在园林绿化中已开始应用.     

Potential to harness superior nutritional qualities of exotic baobabs if local adaptation can be conferred through grafting

Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral contents and B₁ and B₂ vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B₁ 88 mg 100 g⁻¹, B₂ 187 mg 100 g⁻¹, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations.     

泡桐叶片蛋白质多态性及其聚类分析(英文)

根据白花泡桐（Paulownia fargesii）、白花兰考泡桐（P.elongata f. alba）、毛泡 桐（P. tomentosa）、川泡桐（P. fargesii）、山明泡桐（P. lamprophylla）、成都泡桐 (P. albiphloea var chengtuensis)、鄂川泡桐（P. albiphloea）、南方泡桐（P. austra lis）、白花泡桐（P. fortunei）、兰考泡桐（P. elongata）叶片蛋白质单向电泳和双向 电泳结果，可将它们聚类分为白花泡桐组（白花泡桐和白花兰考泡桐）、南方泡桐组（南方 泡桐和成都泡桐）和毛泡桐组（毛泡桐、川泡桐、鄂川泡桐、山明泡桐和兰考泡桐）。该结 果为泡桐属植物的分类提供了参考依据，也为泡桐属植物种确立、杂种鉴定和新品种培育奠 定了基础。     

Ectomycorrhizal inoculation of Douglas-fir transplanted container seedlings with commercially produced inoculum

Commercially produced vegetative inocula of Laccaria laccata and Hebeloma crustuliniforme successfully formed ectomycorrhizae with Douglas-fir transplanted container (plug+1) seedlings. After 4.5 months in containers, 83% and 90%, respectively, of short roots were mycorrhizal. L. laccata- or H. crustuliniforme-inoculated seedlings had significantly more mycorrhizal and total short roots than Pisolithus tinctorius-inoculated (4% mycorrhizal root tips) or uninoculated control seedlings. No significant differences were detected in seedling growth at the end of the container phase.After transplantation and growth in nursery beds for 17 months, mean new short root colonization of all seedlings was 80%. H. crustuliniforme persisted as a dominant mycorrhizal fungus on seedlings initially inoculated with this fungus. L. laccata-inoculated seedlings had 40% of their short roots colonized by L. laccata and another 40% by native fungi Rhizopogon and Thelephora spp. All mycorrhizae of control seedlings and those inoculated with P. tinctorius were formed by fungi native to the nusery beds. A significant fungal treatment effect was detected for shoot height only. Control seedlings were significantly taller than L. laccata-inoculated seedlings after transplanting.This article is part of senior author's thesis in partial fulfillment of the Ph.D. degree in the Department of Forest Science at Oregon State University, Corvallis.     

Rehabilitation of diseased cacao fields in Peru through shade regulation and timing of biocontrol measures

The objective of this case study was to test the effectiveness of biocontrol for the rehabilitation of abandoned, diseased (moniliasis, witches' broom and black pod) cocoa and to develop testable hypotheses regarding the effect of shade and biocontrol timing. Three trial fields differed in their shade regimes. Biocontrol was administered starting either at flowering or pod filling. Disease incidence and yield were compared with cultural control alone. Biocontrol reduced moniliasis from 49% to 25%, independent of the shading regime and application time. Witches' broom was most severe without shade and unaffected by biocontrol. No significant effects on black pod were observed. Although biocontrol increased percentage healthy fruit independent of shading and timing, only the shaded plot with biocontrol from flowering onwards responded with increased yield. Our hypothesis is: 'In the rehabilitation of abandoned cacao, only fields under sustainable shade management and early onset of biocontrol can realise their production potential.' This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Protein diversity ofPaulownia plant leaves and clusters

Paulownia tomentosa, P. fargesii, P. lamprorhylla, P. albiphloea, P. australis, P. fortunei, P. elongata, P. elongata f. alba andP. albiphloea varchenggtuensis were classified into three groups:P. fortunei group (P. fortunei andP. elongata f. alba);P. australis group (P. australis andP. albiphloea varchenggtuensis) andP. tomentasa group (P. tomentasa, P. fargesii, P. albiprhlaca, P. lamproprhylia andP. elongata) accordance to the results of the single and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE of protein in thePaulownia tree leaves. The result could lay a foundation for classifying the GenusPaulownia plants. Foundation Item: This paper was supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China and Nature Science Foundation of Henan Province. Biography: FAN Guo-qiang (1964-), male, Professor in Institute ofPaulownia Henan Agriculture University. Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Defoliation by the Needle-shortening Pine Gall Midge,Thecodiplosis brachyntera,on Pines in Central Sweden

An outbreak of the needle-shortening pine gall midge, Thecodiplosis brachyntera , occurred on Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.) and lodgepole pine, P. contorta (Dougl.) in central Sweden during 1995-1998. The larval feeding of T. brachyntera kills current-year needles and heavy infestation causes severe defoliation. A pattern of fluctuating defoliation among years and sites was found on both pine species. Defoliation was evenly distributed in the crown of P. sylvestris during years of high as well as low infestation; apical whorls had as much defoliation as basal whorls. In P. contorta , however, there was a tendency for defoliation to be concentrated on branches in the most apical whorls. Growth ring increments on P. sylvestris with high levels of defoliation (71%) did not differ from trees with moderate levels (26%) of defoliation. Shoot lengths were significantly shorter, however, on heavily infested trees the year after defoliation.     

Litterfall,litter decomposition and the use of mulch of four indigenous tree species in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica

Litterfall, forest-floor litter biomass and nutrients, short-term litter decomposition and the effects of leaf mulches on initial growth of maize were studied for four indigenous tree species with agroforestry potential:Stryphnodendron microstachyum Poepp. et Endl.(S. excelsum), Vochysia ferruginea Mart,Vochysia guatemalensis Donn. Sm. (V. hondurensis) andHyeronima alchorneoides (O), growing in a young experimental plantation in the Atlantic humid lowlands of Costa Rica. Total annual leaf litterfall was higher inV. ferruginea plots, followed byS. microstachyum, V. guatemalensis andH. alchorneoides; all with values comparable to those reported for other tree species grown in agroforestry combinations in humid tropical regions. Forest-floor litter accumulation was highest underV. ferruginea andV. guatemalensis. Both litterfall and forest-floor litter material had similar patterns in nutrient concentrations: N was higher inS. microstachyum, Ca was higher inV. guatemalensis, K was higher inH. alchorneoides; Mg was higher inV. guatemalensis andH. alchorneoides; H. alchorneoides andV. guatemalensis had the highest P.V. ferruginea litter decomposed more slowly, whileS. microstachyum apparently decomposed faster than the other species. The twoVochysia species showed increases in N and P concentration in decomposing litter after seven weeks in the field,H. alchorneoides showed an increase in litter N and a decrease in litter P, andS. microstachyum showed a net decrease in both N and P over the same time period. The patterns found in the litter bag study were confirmed by results obtained in a tethered-leaves experiment.S. microstachyum andV. ferruginea litters lost more weight when mixed in a 11 proportion than either of them alone. Maize seedlings growing in plots mulched withS. microstachyum andH. alchorneoides leaves showed greatest initial growth, confirming patterns found in decomposition and nutrient release studies. The results show that these species could be used in agroforestry combinations with different advantages according to the specific objectives desired, whether these are soil protection, nutrient recycling, or enhancement of the growth of associated crops.     

Biogeochemical impacts of clearfelling and reforestation on blanket-peatland streams: II. major ions and dissolved organic carbon

Streams and drains in blanket-peatland forest in western Ireland were sampled weekly over 5 years, 1996–2000, using continuous, depth-proportional passive sampling. Analysis was for pH, alkalinity by Gran titration, anions by IC, metals by ICP, aluminium speciation by loaded-resin exchange, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by absorbance at 320 nm.

Effects of felling are identified graphically from two forest drains whose catchments (both about 1 ha) were clearfelled, and partial clearfelling of one larger catchment (somewhat over 1 km²), in summer 1999. Calcium concentrations and alkalinity were increased in the drain- and streamwater from the felled areas. The pH was increased in drains, while in the larger stream, pH range decreased while the mean increased. Phosphorus increased markedly with clearfell, in the absence of recent fertilising, and also increased with fertilising; these results are reported in an accompanying paper. Ammonium-nitrogen concentrations were increased in the two drains with felling, and temporarily decreased in the larger stream. Nitrate increased in some cases. Potassium and manganese concentrations also increased. Concentrations of DOC and organic monomeric aluminium increased gradually, subject to a continuing strong annual cycle. There were no clearfelling effects on concentrations of solphate, suspended solids or inorganic monomeric aluminium. In the two drains (fully clearfelled), concentrations of sodium, chloride and magnesium, and conductivity, were all reduced after felling. Fertilising effects other than for phosphorus were indistinct.

Effects of the combined clearfell–reforestation treatment were testable statistically, using randomised intervention analysis, between two larger streams (1 km²) as a treatment–control comparison. There were statistically significant positive responses in streamwater concentrations of nitrate, potassium, calcium, DOC and aluminium fractions. The implications for management practice depend on whether the loss of nutrients is sustainable for future crop productivity, and whether critical limits and loads of receiving ecosystems are exceeded.     

Some biological interactions between the parasitoid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anagyrus pseudococci</Emphasis> (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and its host <Emphasis Type="Italic">Planococcus ficus</Emphasis> (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae)

The development, longevity, fecundity and life-table parameters of the endoparasitoid Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), 15 d.o. (3rd-instar nymphs) and 21 d.o. (young adult females) of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) at 28 ± 1°C, 65 ± 10%RH and 16:8h L:D under laboratory conditions. The developmental time of female parasitoids within the host was 17.7 ± 0.39 days in 15 d.o. and 16.65 ± 0.25 days in 21 d.o. hosts; for males, development time was 16.85 ± 0.29 and 15.25 ± 0.09 days, respectively. The average number of offspring per female was 22.35 ± 1.68 in 15 d.o. and 34.8 ± 2.56 in 21 d.o. vine mealybugs. The longevity of female parasitoids was 14.8 ± 0.98 days in 15 d.o. and 15.65 ± 0.92 days in 21 d.o. mealybugs, respectively; for males, longevity was determined as 7.3 ± 0.43 and 6.7 ± 0.54 days, respectively. The mean time of pupation was 7.85 ± 0.003 days in 15 d.o. mealybugs and 8.65 ± 0.003 days in 21 d.o. mealybugs. The aggregate encapsulation rate in the parasitized 15 d.o. mealybugs was 49.73 and 60.36% in 21 d.o. mealybugs. Furthermore, effective encapsulation was 24.82% in 15 d.o. mealybugs and 37.50% in 21 d.o. mealybugs. Population growth rate (r _m) for A. pseudococci was 0.0999 female/female/days in 15 d.o. mealybugs and 0.1269 female/female/days in 21 d.o. mealybugs. The mean population generation time was 23.49 days for parasitoids reared in 15-days-old and 22.39 days when reared in 21 d.o. mealybugs.