鸡柔嫩艾美球虫DNA疫苗pcDNA4．0（C）-pEtK2-IL-2对其他球虫的交叉保护力

将柔嫩艾美球虫DNA疫苗pcDNA4．0（c）-pEtK2-IL-2以50μg分别对14日龄和21日龄雏鸡进行胸部肌肉注射免疫，28日龄对各未免疫组与免疫组鸡分别口服接种柔嫩艾美球虫、巨型艾美球虫、堆形艾美球虫和毒害艾美球虫孢子化卵囊，36日龄剖杀，分析比较免疫保护效果。结果显示，柔嫩艾美球虫攻毒免疫试验组与柔嫩艾美球虫攻毒未免疫对照组比较，增重、盲肠病变记分、OPG值差异显著（P〈0．05），免疫保护效果明显，抗球虫指数（ACI）达186．50；而巨型艾美球虫、堆形艾美球虫和毒害艾关球虫攻毒免疫试验组的ACI分别为147．85、142．71和153．82，增重、盲肠病变记分、OPG值和ACI与相应的攻毒未免疫对照组比较，均有不同程度改善，免疫保护效果不明显。表明，该DNA疫苗对柔嫩艾美球虫的攻击具有完全免疫保护作用，而对巨型艾美球虫、堆形艾关球虫、毒害艾美球虫的攻击具有部分交叉保护力。     

鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫生殖细胞特异性蛋白的免疫保护效果评价

为探讨鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)生殖细胞特异性蛋白(HAP2)对球虫感染的免疫保护作用,将HAP2重组蛋白(rEtHAP2)加弗氏完全佐剂或弗氏不完全佐剂免疫雏鸡后,用E. tenella孢子化卵囊感染雏鸡,以雏鸡增重效果、卵囊排出量、肠道病变记分、血清抗体水平、淋巴细胞转化水平,评估rEtHAP2的免疫保护作用,并设PBS免疫对照组、正常饲养对照组。结果显示:rEtHAP2免疫组雏鸡的平均体重、日增重、血清抗体水平、淋巴细胞转化水平,均显著高于PBS免疫对照组(P0.05);卵囊排出量,肠道病变记分则显著低于PBS免疫对照组(P0.05);抗球虫指数ACI值为176.18,保护效果良好。研究表明生殖细胞特异性蛋白HAP2对柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染具有良好的免疫保护作用,可成为柔嫩艾美耳球虫新型疫苗的候选抗原。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫TA4重组抗原的免疫试验

构建了能表达柔嫩艾美耳球虫TA4抗原的重组质粒,使其在乳球菌中表达。用刚出壳的健康雏鸡为实验对象,对乳球菌表达的TA4重组抗原进行免疫效果的研究。用表达球虫TA4抗原的工程乳球菌以5×108个/(只·d)的剂量给雏鸡口服10d,同时设置乳球菌组、未免疫未攻毒组和未免疫攻毒组作对照,于11日龄用5×104个强毒卵囊进行攻毒。结果表明TA4重组抗原组抗球虫指数为160.12,实验鸡可获得一定免疫保护力。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫AMA1基因DNA疫苗的免疫保护效果

本研究旨在评价表达柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)顶膜抗原1(Apical membrane antigen 1,Et AMA1)基因的DNA疫苗对雏鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫人工感染的免疫保护效果。将Et AMA1基因和鸡IFN-γ基因插入真核表达载体p CAGGS中,分别构建了真核表达重组质粒p CAGGS-Et AMA1和p CAGGS-Et AMA1-IFN-γ。将重组质粒p CAGGS-Et AMA1转染进293T细胞中,经间接免疫荧光和Western blot实验鉴定,观察其在体外表达情况。将p CAGGS-Et AMA1和p CAGGS-Et AMA1-IFN-γ于7日龄和14日龄腿部肌肉注射免疫雏鸡,21日龄人工感染1×104个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊,第29日龄时处死试验鸡,以平均增重、卵囊产量和病变记分来评价重组质粒的免疫保护效果。结果显示,p CAGGS-Et AMA1转染的293T细胞出现明显的红色荧光;两种真核表达重组质粒免疫组鸡的平均增重与未攻虫组的平均增重差异不显著,不具有统计学意义,而未免疫攻虫组则与未攻虫组在增重方面差异具有显著统计学意义;免疫组鸡相较于未免疫攻虫组在病变记分方面显著下降;免疫组的卵囊减少率分别为67.43%和72.89%;p CAGGSEt AMA1-IFN-γ组在增重、盲肠病变记分和卵囊减少率方面都优于p CAGGS-Et AMA1组,但差异不具有统计学意义。表明构建的2种重组质粒对雏鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染有一定的免疫保护效果。     

鸡球虫重组蛋白rEnApiAP2对鸡免疫保护效果的观察

将毒害艾美耳球虫重组蛋白rEnApiAP2单独免疫(单免)或分别与柔嫩艾美耳球虫重组蛋白rEtGAM56或rEtGAM59联合免疫(联免)雏鸡,同时设rEtGAM56单免、rEtGAM59单免、未免疫攻虫和空白组为对照,分别攻毒害艾美耳球虫或柔嫩艾美耳球虫,以成活率、排出血便数、平均增重、相对增重率、病变记分、卵囊减少率、抗球虫指数(ACI)和血清抗体水平为指标,评价rEnApiAP2单免及与rEtGAM联免的免疫保护效果。结果显示：各试验组的成活率均为100%;与未免疫攻虫组比较,各免疫组鸡排血便堆数减少、平均增重增加。在rEnApiAP2单免组间,低剂量组的相对增重率(82.36%)、卵囊减少率(73.88%)和抗球虫指数(155.26)均为最高,平均病变记分最低(1.71)。攻毒害艾美耳球虫后,联免组的ACI值均大于相应的单免组,其中rEnApiAP2与rEtGAM56联免组的ACI值(169.83)最高。攻柔嫩艾美耳球虫后,rEnApiAP2单免组的ACI值(128.37)低于rEtGAM56、rEtGAM59单免组(130.12、151.88),rEnApiAP2与rEtGA...     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫杨凌株3-1E基因表达产物的初步免疫效果研究

用柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella子孢子表面抗原基因原核细胞表达产物免疫雏鸡,观察其对球虫攻击的免疫保护作用.将可溶性重组蛋白和包涵体重组蛋白经肌肉注射分别于7日龄、14日龄两次免疫罗曼小公雏,同时设攻虫对照组和空白对照组,于第2次免疫后1周(28日龄)用1 ×104个E.tenella卵囊进行攻毒,观察其诱导产生的保护力.结果表明,3-1E可溶性蛋白组免疫无论从卵囊计数、盲肠病变计分和相对增重均优于包涵体免疫组.说明3-1E基因在大肠杆菌中的表达产物对鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫的攻击有一定的免疫保护作用.     

鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫SO7基因的原核表达及动物免疫试验

为了研究鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫SO7基因原核表达重组蛋白的免疫效力,分析其在鸡抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染中对鸡平均增重、抗球虫指数(ACI)、减少盲肠病变和卵囊数量中的作用,从柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊中提取总RNA作为模板,用RT-PCR扩增出SO7基因片段,再应用DNA重组技术将SO7基因克隆到原核表达载体pET32a(+)中并用IPTG诱导表达。SDS-PAGE结果显示,pET32a(+)-SO7表达的目的蛋白约为40ku,主要以包涵体形式存在。用纯化的重组蛋白进行动物免疫试验显示,SO7重组蛋白在鸡抗柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染中有较好的免疫保护作用,能够显著提高鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染鸡的平均增重和抗球虫指数(ACI),对减少盲肠病变和卵囊数量也有部分作用。     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫Serpin基因的原核表达及其免疫保护效果研究

为评价Serpin基因重组表达产物对预防鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella,E.tenella)感染的效果,克隆和表达E.tenella Serpin基因,对表达产物进行初步纯化和复性,制备免疫原.设计了重组蛋白肌肉注射组、重组蛋白口服组、重组蛋白滴鼻组3个试验组以及红、白对照组.分别于7、14和28日龄对雏鸡进行3次免疫,35日龄时用3×104个E.tenella孢子化卵囊攻虫,第7天末宰杀,对各组的存活率、相对增重率、卵囊减少率、ACI等指标进行统计分析.结果表明,各免疫组的平均增重与红对照组相比均有显著增加(P＜0.05),其中以重组蛋白肌肉注射组增重最多,相对增重率为66.73％,优于其他免疫组;各免疫组卵囊产量较红对照组均有显著的下降,其中重组蛋白肌肉注射组卵囊减少率最高,为30.01％;各免疫组ACI均明显高于红对照组,其中以重组蛋白口服组最高,但仍低于160,暗示Serpin蛋白并不是一个理想的球虫疫苗保护性抗原.     

重组鸡γ干扰素对E.tenella卵囊免疫后肠上皮组织结构的影响

取AA肉鸡，在其7日龄和14日龄时分别给予柔嫩艾美耳球虫（E．tenella）孢子化卵囊进行首免和二免，并同时肌肉注射5000U重组鸡γ干扰素（rChIFN-γ）后，于21日龄以同源E．tenella攻虫。试验结果表明，rChIFN-γ协同球虫活卵囊免疫可减少由于球虫病造成的体质量下降，降低OPG值和肠道病变记分，提高抗球虫指数（ACI）；同时还发现，rChIFN-γ能够显著增加肠道绒毛高度、肠隐窝深度、刷状缘厚度（α=0．05）。由此表明，rChIFN-γ可以减轻由于球虫感染所造成的肠道黏膜损伤，促进肠道的吸收功能，进而减轻球虫病所造成的增重损失，对球虫活卵囊疫苗的免疫有一定的免疫增强效果。     

鸡巨型艾美耳球虫早熟株免疫效果试验

为确定使雏鸡获得良好免疫效果的最小巨型艾美耳球虫(E.maxima)早熟株接种量,分别于4日龄对免疫攻毒组以不同剂量进行首免,11日龄以首免2倍剂量对二次免疫攻毒组鸡进行二免。一次或二次免疫后7 d或10 d用同源亲本株进行攻毒,检测免疫攻毒鸡相对增重率、卵囊减少率、病变记分减少率(RLS)和抗球虫指数(ACI)。结果显示,一次免疫剂量≥400个孢子化卵囊/只或两次免疫的一免剂量和二免剂量≥100个孢子化卵囊/只和200个孢子化卵囊/只时,各免疫攻毒鸡的相对增重率≥85%,RLS≥70%,卵囊减少率≥75%,相对保护率≥90%,ACI≥170,均达到良好免疫效果。故将E.maxima早熟株的一次免疫最小免疫剂量定为400个孢子化卵囊/只,两次免疫最小免疫剂量定为一免100个孢子化卵囊/只和二免200个孢子化卵囊/只。     

巨型艾美球虫gam56基因的截短原核表达及其产物的免疫保护效果

为评价gain56基因重组表达产物作为亚单位疫苗预防鸡巨型艾美球虫(E.maxima),感染的效果,以E.maxima NT株配子体总RNA为模板,RT.PCR扩增和克隆gain56基因,选择该基因两段丰富抗原表位的编码区片段.利用原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1在大肠杆菌中进行截短表达.以可溶性的GST-gain56-2融合蛋白为免疫原,设立高、中、低(1.0 mg、0.5 mg、0.25 mg)3个剂量,单独或使用弗氏完全佐剂,于5 d、12 d和19 d对雏鸡进行3次免疫,26 d用5 ×10~4个E.maxima孢子化卵囊进行攻虫,8 d后迫杀,对各组的存活率、相对增重率、卵囊减少率、ACI等指标进行统计分析.结果显示:就相对增重率而言各免疫组比未免疫攻毒组的高27.6%以上,而各免疫组之间差异不显著(p>0.05);就卵囊减少率指标而言,各免疫组较未免疫攻毒组均有不同程度减少,但是均小于75%;就ACI指标而言,各免疫组较未免疫攻毒组均有不同程度增加,以中剂量蛋白佐剂组为最高.GST-gam56-2融合蛋白对于E.maxima感染具有一定的免疫保护效力.     

Adjuvant activity of chicken interleukin-12 co-administered with infectious bursal disease virus recombinant VP2 antigen in chickens

A recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV/VP2) expressing infectious bursal diseases virus (IBDV) VP2 gene has been constructed. After purification and identification of rFPV/VP2, the adjuvant activity of the recombinant chicken IL-12 (rchIL-12), synthesized by our previous construct of rFPV/chIL-12, in rFPV/VP2-expressed rVP2 antigen was assessed in one-week-old specific-pathogen free chickens. The results indicated that rchIL-12 alone or rchIL-12 plus mineral oil (MO) co-administered with rVP2 antigen significantly enhanced the production of serum neutralization (SN) antibody against IBDV, compared to those with MO alone. The SN titers in groups receiving rVP2 antigen with MO alone were more inconsistent after vaccination. On the other hand, rchIL-12 significantly stimulated IFN-γ production in serum and in splenocyte cultured supernatant, suggesting that rchIL-12 alone or plus MO significantly induced a cell-mediated immune response. Finally, bursal lesion protection from very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) challenge in chickens receiving rVP2 antigen with rchIL-12 alone or plus MO was much more effective than that with MO alone at two weeks after boosting. Taken together, rchIL-12 alone augmented in vivo the induction of a primary and also a secondary SN antibody production and a cell-mediated immunity against IBDV rVP2 antigen, which conferred the enhancement of bursal lesion protective efficacy from vvIBDV challenge. These data indicated that a potential for chIL-12 as immunoadjuvant for chicken vaccine development such as IBDV rVP2 antigen.     

五种旋毛虫抗原对猪的免疫保护作用研究

本实验研究了旋毛虫肌幼虫可溶性粗抗原、排泄分泌抗原（ＥＳ）、表面抗原（ＳＡ）及成虫ＥＳ、ＳＡ５种抗原对猪的免疫保护作用。结果５种抗原对猪均具有一定程度的免疫原性，可诱导猪体产生对攻击感染的抵抗力（减虫率），其中肌幼虫粗抗原为５５．２０％；肌幼虫ＥＳ为４２．５６％，肌幼虫ＳＡ为７２．２１％；成虫ＥＳ为３２．９２％；成虫ＳＡ为４２．１７％。免疫５种抗原后用肌幼虫“Ｂ”抗原、新生幼虫可溶性抗原及成虫可溶性抗原进行ＥＬＩＳＡ检测，均可测出血清抗体应答反应，其中以相应抗原测出的抗体应答较强烈。免疫５种抗原后猪外周血液中Ｂ淋巴细胞减少，Ｔｈ及Ｔｓ增加，Ｔｈ／Ｔｓ比值降低，呈暂时的细胞免疫抑制现象。     

Control of Boophilus microplus ticks in cattle calves by immunization with a recombinant Bm86 glucoprotein antigen preparation.

Forty Egyptian native cattle calves of 4-6 months old randomly allocated into two groups of twenty animals each were used to assess the effect of immunization of animals with a recombinant Bm86 antigen derived from Boophilus microplus ticks on induction of immunity that could protect calves during tick season. The immunization protocol involved two injections administered intramuscularly, the first was applied with complete Freund's adjuvant and the second was given with incomplete Freund's adjuvant two months later. Control calves were given saline plus adjuvant. Immunization reduced the number of adult ticks developing from a subsequent challenge infestation by 78% in immunized calves. Vaccination also, significantly reduced the weight of adult ticks in immunized calves (30.51%). The results of skin delayed hypersensitivity reaction revealed that the diameter of sites injected with the recombinant Bm86 antigen was significantly larger in immunized calves than those in controls. Analysis of the immune response indicated that there was a significant increase in the level of IgG and IgA antibodies in serum of immunized calves and protection from reinfestation was correlated with the levels of circulating antibodies.     

DNA sequence analysis of glycoprotein G gene of bovine ephemeral fever virus and development of a double oil emulsion vaccine against bovine ephemeral fever

The surface glycoprotein G is considered as the major neutralizing and protective antigen of bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of G protein of BEFV isolates during the period 1984-2004 outbreaks in Taiwan showed amino acid substitutions in the neutralizing epitopes. All the isolates differ markedly in the neutralizing epitope at the same amino acid positions compared to the currently available killed vaccine strain (Tn73). Tn88128 strain isolated in 1999 showed the maximum variability of 12 amino acids, 5 amino acid in the neutralization epitope and 7 apart from, respectively. Combinations of both Tn88128 (1999) and commercially available vaccine strain (Tn73) were developed and its safety was evaluated in mice, guinea pigs, calves, and pregnant cows. None of the animals showed any adverse effect or clinical signs. Calves were immunized with commercial vaccine (Tn73) and, combined vaccine (Tn73 and Tn88128), respectively, with adjuvants such as Al-gel and water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) oil and PBS alone and challenged with Tn88128 strains. Except PBS administered animals, all the vaccinated animals showed protective immune response. However, animals immunized with combined vaccine plus w/o/w adjuvant elicited stronger neutralization antibodies and long lasting immunity compared to other vaccines.     

Efficacy of soluble recombinant FliC protein from Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis as a potential vaccine candidate against homologous challenge in chickens

FliC, the flagellin antigen of Salmonella Enteritidis, was tested as a vaccine candidate for protective effect against a homologous challenge in chickens. After immunization with recombinant FliC (rFliC) or administration of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 56 days old, the chickens were challenged with 10(9) colony-forming units of Salmonella Enteritidis at 76 days old. The vaccinated birds showed significantly decreased bacterial counts in the liver and cecal contents compared to those administered PBS at 7 days postchallenge, but the protection was partial. The replication experiment also showed a similar result. In both experiments, vaccination induced an increased level of serum anti-rFliC IgG, which was also reactive to the native flagella. The intestinal IgA level was slightly higher in the vaccinated birds than in the control. However, neither the proliferative response nor interferon-gamma secretion of splenic cells upon stimulation with rFliC was induced. Therefore, the effect of rFliC as a vaccine is limited, and further improvement is needed.     

补喂瘤胃液制备物对羔羊肠道黏膜及血浆中免疫球蛋白含量的影响

本试验旨在研究补喂瘤胃液制备物对羔羊肠道黏膜和血浆中免疫球蛋白含量的影响,探讨瘤胃液制备物对新生羔羊肠道黏膜免疫及体液免疫的影响。选取50只初生体重接近的新生羔羊为模型动物,随机分为5组,每组10只。试验组羔羊1日龄开始补喂健康成年绵羊瘤胃液制备物[瘤胃液(Ⅰ)、灭菌瘤胃液(Ⅱ)、超声波破碎瘤胃液(Ⅲ)和灭菌超声波破碎瘤胃液(Ⅳ)],对照组羔羊补喂等量生理盐水,每天1次,连续5 d。在24日龄时每组选取3只羔羊屠宰,采集肠道黏膜;在羔羊14和28日龄时颈静脉采血并分离血浆。测定肠道黏膜及血浆中免疫球蛋白含量。结果显示:1)小肠黏膜蛋白质中,各试验组免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIg A)和免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)总量均高于对照组。其中,试验Ⅲ组Ig A总量极显著高于对照组(P0.01),显著高于其他试验组(P0.05);试验组SIg A和Ig G总量与对照组相比无显著差异(P0.05)。总体来说,免疫球蛋白含量变化趋势为回肠十二指肠空肠,试验Ⅲ组免疫球蛋白总量较对照组增加较多。2)血浆中,羔羊28日龄时免疫球蛋白含量均高于14日龄。14日龄时试验各组血浆中Ig A含量差异不显著(P0.05),但28日龄时试验Ⅰ组显著高于对照组(P0.05),极显著高于其他试验组(P0.01);试验各组Ig G含量在14和28日龄时差异均不显著(P0.05)。结果表明,给新生羔羊补喂不同处理的瘤胃液制备物均能提高羔羊肠黏膜免疫能力,补喂超声波破碎瘤胃液效果最佳。     

镰形扇头蜱免疫球蛋白结合蛋白的表达及免疫保护分析

为在大肠杆菌中高效表达镰形扇头蜱免疫球蛋白结合蛋白(immunoglobulin binding protein,IGBP),并对表达产物进行免疫保护效果测定,将IGBP基因克隆到pGEX-4T-1载体,转化到感受态细胞BL21,在IPTG诱导下进行表达;表达产物3次免疫家兔,剂量为500μg/只。3次免疫后进行攻蜱试验,观察免疫保护效果。结果发现在IPTG的诱导下,重组质粒pGEX-4T-1-IGBP在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达,产生GST-IGBP融合蛋白,用融和蛋白免疫家兔后,试验组与对照组成蜱饱血重量和死亡率差异显著(P<0.05)。表明重组质粒pGEX-4T-1-IGBP能在大肠杆菌中高效表达,且表达蛋白能够对家兔产生一定程度的抗蜱保护性免疫力。     

Effect of passively-acquired antibodies and vaccination on the immune response to contagious ecthyma virus

Lambs which received colostrum from ewes vaccinated with contagious ecthyma (CE) virus and other lambs vaccinated with CE virus were compared for serum anti-CE immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to CE viral antigen, and protective immunity to challenge with CE virus. Ewes vaccinated 3-4 weeks prior to parturition transferred CE antibody to lambs via colostrum. Although these lambs had higher levels of antibody at challenge than lambs vaccinated when 1-4 days old, only the vaccinated lambs were protected against challenge with CE virus at 1 month of age. Furthermore, the presence of colostrum-derived maternal antibody prevented an active antibody response in lambs to vaccination and/or challenge with CE virus, except where pre-inoculation titres were low. In contrast, the DTH response to CE viral antigen and induction of protective immunity by CE vaccination were not impaired by passively-acquired antibody. Actively immunised lambs could be distinguished from those only receiving passively-acquired antibody by the DTH response to heat-killed CE viral antigen.