高浓度畜禽养殖废水处理新工艺及调试运行

介绍了UASB-SBR-混凝沉淀工艺处理养猪场废水工程实例。结果表明:对于CODcr达到2000~3500 mg/L、NH3-N达到350~1100 mg/L的养猪场废水,利用该工艺CODcr的平均去除率达到92.3%,NH3-N的去除率达到90.0%。其余各项指标均可以满足《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》的要求。     

高浓度畜禽养殖废水处理新工艺及调试运行

介绍了UASB-SBR-混凝沉淀工艺处理养猪场废水工程实例.结果表明:对于CODcr达到2 000~3500 mg/L 、NH3-N达到350~1 100 mg/L的养猪场废水,利用该工艺CODcr的平均去除率达到92.3%,NH3-N的去除率达到90.0%.其余各项指标均可以满足<畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准>的要求.     

水解酸化-MUCT组合工艺处理畜禽养殖废水试验

为了提高废水处理效能,试验采用水解酸化-改进型厌氧-缺氧-好氧(MUCT)组合工艺处理畜禽废水,即在MUCT工艺前增加了水解酸化处理,将二沉池的污泥部分回流至水解酸化池。结果表明:当进水固体悬浮物(SS)为1 000~2 500 mg/L、化学需氧量(CODcr)为2 500~5 000 mg/L、氨氮(NH_4~+-N)为230~370 mg/L、总氮(TN)为150~400 mg/L、总磷(TP)为25~60 mg/L时,SS、CODcr、NH_4~+-N、TN、TP处理率分别达93.12%、94.82%、95.43%、92.79%、87.58%,出水水质达到国家畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准。说明该组合工艺对畜禽养殖废水处理效果优于传统MUCT工艺。     

规模养猪场粪污深度处理方法探讨

采用"固液分离+气浮+厌氧ABR+两面导流(好氧)"工艺,对江西某自繁自养无公害猪场的粪污进行处理。结果显示,化学需氧量(CODcr)达到8 000~12 000 mg/L,氨氮(NH3-N)达到400~1 200 mg/L的养猪场污水,经该工艺处理后,CODcr的平均去除率达到98%,NH3-N的平均去除率达到91.7%;各项指标均达到《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》的要求。     

厌氧+二级A/O+MBR工艺在猪场废水处理中的应用研究

采用"厌氧+二级A/O+MBR"工艺处理养殖废水,投资合理,运行简单且出水水质稳定,CODcr、NH3-N、TP、SS的去除率分别达到93.07%、83.93%、89.11%和95.71%,出水水质满足《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB 18596-2001)的要求。     

人工湿地植物筛选的研究

为选择适应猪场废水处理中人工湿地的植物种,从野外采集12种植物,种在不同浓度猪场废水中作水培观察,并从耐污力、地上部生物量、根系、景观、易管理等5方面指标分别给予综合评定.筛选结果表明,风车草和香根草最适合用作猪场废水处理的人工湿地植物.风车草可以在COD 2 800 mg/L、NH3-N 390 mg/L以下猪场废水中生长,香根草可以在COD 1 300 mg/L、NH3-N 200 mg/L以下的猪场废水中生长.     

“ABR+SBR”组合工艺处理奶牛场废水试验

奶牛场养殖废水化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH3-N)、悬浮物(SS)、总磷(TP)含量高,处理难度大,常规废水处理工艺脱氮效率低、运行成本高、耐冲击负荷小,存在一定的技术缺陷。本试验采用"折流厌氧反应(ABR)+间歇式好氧(SBR)"组合处理工艺,将厌氧、好氧相结合处理奶牛场废水。结果表明:ABR+SBR组合处理工艺对奶牛场废水的COD、NH_3-N、TP、SS去除率分别达到95%、92%、90%和95%,工艺出水水质COD≤150 mg/L,NH_3-N20 mg/L,TP5 mg/L,SS30 mg/L,各项指标优于《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》。说明该工艺在SBR过程中实现同步硝化及反硝化,与传统工艺相比,运行稳定,具有较高的推广应用价值。     

凌河流域人工湿地水质净化效果分析

人工湿地是当今对水污染最有效最环保的一种治理方法。本研究通过对凌河流域的人工湿地进行布点采样,测定流经湿地前后水质的变化。结果表明:人工湿地对河流中化学需氧量(COD),氨氮(NH3-N),总磷(TP)都有明显的净化作用,结果表明:可以净化COD的人工湿地有两个,可以净化NH3-N的人工湿地有一个,可以净化TP的人工湿地有一个。COD的平均去除率为36.3%,NH3-N的平均去除率为13.4%。为了更好的改善河流水质,应该控制污染物的排放。会使河流水质改善的更明显。     

室内绿狐尾藻湿地系统对高氨氮废水的净化作用

本研究以绿狐尾藻(Myriophyllum elatinoides)湿地系统为对象,分析绿狐尾藻湿地系统中NH_4~+-N的去除规律及氮质量平衡。结果表明,试验第28天,在200和400mg·L~(-1) NH_4~+-N两个处理中,水体全氮(TN)去除率分别为86.1%和77.7%,NH_4~+-N去除率分别为89.8%和78.8%。根据氮质量平衡得出,在200和400mg·L~(-1) NH_4~+-N两个处理中分别有14.7%和30.2%的外源NH_4~+-N直接被底泥吸附,25.3%和11.0%转化成底泥NO_3~--N,29.7%和12.7%被绿狐尾藻直接吸收利用,14.0%和23.3%残留在水体,剩余16.3%和22.8%可能被微生物硝化反硝化作用去除。研究结果表明,绿狐尾藻对氨氮有较好的净化效果,为其在人工湿地的应用提供了科学依据。     

CANON工艺脱氮的影响因素研究

以自配的含NH4+-N废水为进水,研究了不同的进水pH值和反应时间等因素对氨氮去除率的影响。结果表明:CANON工艺处理氨氮废水最佳进水pH值为8,适宜的反应时间为12h,在此条件下,氨氮去除率最高可达90.1%,,为CANON工艺去除氨氮的影响因素提供了参考数据。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.